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Staruch M, Bennett S, Matis B, Baldwin J, Bussmann K, Gopman D, Kabanov Y, Lau J, Shull R, Langlois E, Arrington C, Pillars JR, Finkel P. Magnetoelastic Effects in Doubly Clamped Electroplated Co 77Fe 23 Microbeam Resonators. Phys Rev Appl 2019; 11:034028. [PMID: 33244511 PMCID: PMC7686958 DOI: 10.1103/physrevapplied.11.034028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetostrictive Co77Fe23 films are fully suspended to produce free-standing, clamped-clamped, microbeam resonators. A negative or positive shift in the resonant frequency is observed for magnetic fields applied parallel or perpendicular to the length of the beam, respectively, confirming the magnetoelastic nature of the shift. Notably, the resonance shifts linearly with higher-bias fields oriented perpendicular to the beam's length. Domain imaging elucidates the distinction in the reversal processes along the easy and hard axes. Together, these results suggest that through modification of the magnetic anisotropy, the frequency shift and angular dependence can be tuned, producing highly magnetic-field-sensitive resonators.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Staruch
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
| | - S.P. Bennett
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
| | - B.R. Matis
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
| | - J.W. Baldwin
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
| | - K. Bussmann
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
| | - D.B. Gopman
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Y. Kabanov
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Science, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - J.W. Lau
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - R.D. Shull
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - E. Langlois
- Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - C. Arrington
- Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - J. R. Pillars
- Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - P. Finkel
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
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2
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Drobitch JL, Hsiao YC, Wu H, Wang KL, Lynch CS, Bussmann K, Bandyopadhyay S, Gopman DB. Effect of CoFe dusting layer and annealing on the magnetic properties of sputtered Ta/W/CoFeB/CoFe/MgO layer structures. J Phys D Appl Phys 2019; 53:https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab5c97. [PMID: 33060867 PMCID: PMC7552883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We explored the effect of a CoFe wedge inserted as a dusting layer (0.2 nm-0.4 nm thick) at the CoFeB/MgO interface of a sputtered Ta(2 nm)/W(3 nm)/CoFeB(0.9 nm)/MgO(3 nm)/Ta(2 nm) film-a typical structure for spin-orbit torque devices. Films were annealed at temperatures varying between 300 °C and 400 °C in an argon environment. Ferromagnetic resonance studies and vibrating sample magnetometry measurements were carried out to estimate the effective anisotropy field, the Gilbert damping, the saturation magnetization and the dead layer thickness as a function of the CoFe thickness and across several annealing temperatures. While the as-deposited films present only easy-plane anisotropy, a transition along the wedge from in-plane to out-of-plane was observed across several annealing temperatures, with evidence of a spin-reorientation transition separating the two regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Drobitch
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, United States of America
| | - Y-C Hsiao
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - H Wu
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - K L Wang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - C S Lynch
- College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - K Bussmann
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - S Bandyopadhyay
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - D B Gopman
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, United States of America
- Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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Osofsky MS, Krowne CM, Charipar KM, Bussmann K, Chervin CN, Pala IR, Rolison DR. Disordered RuO2 exhibits two dimensional, low-mobility transport and a metal-insulator transition. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21836. [PMID: 26915411 PMCID: PMC4768250 DOI: 10.1038/srep21836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of low-dimensional metallic systems such as high-mobility metal oxide field-effect transistors, the cuprate superconductors, and conducting oxide interfaces (e.g., LaAlO3/SrTiO3) has stimulated research into the nature of electronic transport in two-dimensional systems given that the seminal theory for transport in disordered metals predicts that the metallic state cannot exist in two dimensions (2D). In this report, we demonstrate the existence of a metal–insulator transition (MIT) in highly disordered RuO2 nanoskins with carrier concentrations that are one-to-six orders of magnitude higher and with mobilities that are one-to-six orders of magnitude lower than those reported previously for 2D oxides. The presence of an MIT and the accompanying atypical electronic characteristics place this form of the oxide in a highly diffusive, strong disorder regime and establishes the existence of a metallic state in 2D that is analogous to the three-dimensional case.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Osofsky
- Materials and Sensors Branch (Code 6360), U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - C M Krowne
- Electromagnetics Technology Branch (Code 6850), U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - K M Charipar
- Materials and Sensors Branch (Code 6360), U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - K Bussmann
- Materials and Sensors Branch (Code 6360), U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - C N Chervin
- Surface Chemistry Branch (Code 6170), U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - I R Pala
- Surface Chemistry Branch (Code 6170), U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - D R Rolison
- Surface Chemistry Branch (Code 6170), U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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Flynn RA, Kim CS, Vurgaftman I, Kim M, Meyer JR, Mäkinen AJ, Bussmann K, Cheng L, Choa FS, Long JP. A room-temperature semiconductor spaser operating near 1.5 μm. Opt Express 2011; 19:8954-8961. [PMID: 21643148 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.008954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Room temperature spasing of surface plasmon polaritons at 1.46 μm wavelength has been demonstrated by sandwiching a gold-film plasmonic waveguide between optically pumped InGaAs quantum-well gain media. The spaser exhibits gain narrowing, the expected transverse-magnetic polarization, and mirror feedback provided by cleaved facets in a 1-mm long cavity fabricated with a flip-chip approach. The 1.06-μm pump-threshold of ~60 kW/cm2 is in good agreement with calculations. The architecture is readily adaptable to all-electrical operation on an integrated microchip.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Flynn
- Optical Sciences Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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Kim CS, Vurgaftman I, Flynn RA, Kim M, Lindle JR, Bewley WW, Bussmann K, Meyer JR, Long JP. An integrated surface-plasmon source. Opt Express 2010; 18:10609-10615. [PMID: 20588913 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.010609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A compact and versatile source of coherent surface-plasmon polaritions (SPPs) is demonstrated by end-coupling a laser diode operating at 1.46 microm to a plasmonic waveguide integrated on the same microchip. With an optimized overlap between the spatial-modes of the laser and a planar-stripe waveguide, a high coupling efficiency of approximately 36% is achieved, that computations show could approach approximately 60% with smaller, readily achievable gaps between laser and waveguide. This integrated and electrically-activated source, with an available SPP power limited only by the laser diode, appears ideally suited for directly driving plasmonic circuitry or surface-enhanced sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Kim
- Optical Sciences Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
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Conrad H, Bruckel T, Budwig A, Bussmann K, Engels R, Fracassi V, Heinen J, Heybutzki H, Ioffe A, Kussel E, Kulessa T, Pap M, Schmitz B, Suxdorf F, Zeiske T. A new thermal triple-axis spectrometer at the research reactor FRJ-2. GNER 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10238160802284831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Rosenberg A, Carter M, Casey J, Kim M, Holm R, Henry R, Eddy C, Shamamian V, Bussmann K, Shi S, Prather D. Guided resonances in asymmetrical GaN photonic crystal slabs observed in the visible spectrum. Opt Express 2005; 13:6564-6571. [PMID: 19498672 DOI: 10.1364/opex.13.006564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that guided resonant modes can be readily observed in asymmetrical photonic crystal slabs on high-index substrates. In spite of the high radiative loss associated with all optical modes in these cases, the guided resonant modes are found to give rise to strong high-Q features in the transmission spectra. Since these photonic crystal structures are far more robust and easier to fabricate than the free-standing photonic crystal membranes used in previous studies of guided resonant modes, detailed studies of relevant optical phenomena and the implementation of proposed applications are greatly simplified.
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Antos J, Beker H, Brons S, Bussmann K, Dagan S, Drees A, Erd C, Esten MJ, Fabjan CW, Glässel P, Goerlach U, Hedberg V, Lissauer D, Mazzoni MA, McCubbin NA, Neubert M, Nevski P, Olsen L, Pfeiffer A, Ray A, Schukraft J, Shapira D, Soltani J, Specht HJ, Stumer I, Thompson J, Veenhof RJ, Willis WJ, Woody C. Soft photon production in 450 GeV/cp-Be collisions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01562546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Meyer P, Kartzke S, Niedenhof I, Heidmann I, Bussmann K, Saedler H. A genomic DNA segment from Petunia hybrida leads to increased transformation frequencies and simple integration patterns. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1988; 85:8568-72. [PMID: 3186747 PMCID: PMC282500 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.85.22.8568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A 2-kilobase (kb) genomic fragment was selected from Petunia hybrida that increased transformation efficiencies by at least a factor of 20 after direct DNA transfer to petunia and tobacco protoplasts when supercoiled plasmid DNA was used. Because of this effect this fragment was named transformation booster sequence (TBS). Increased transformation frequencies were observed for plasmids that contained either the 2-kb fragment in dimeric or monomeric form or an internal 1.1-kb fragment of TBS. Analysis of transformants revealed that preferentially one copy of foreign DNA is integrated. Thus, TBS improves the poor transformation frequencies of direct gene transfer using circular plasmids, while it conserves the simple integration pattern that is important for practical applications. Possible mechanisms of TBS action are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Meyer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Züchtungsforschung, Cologne, Federal Republic of Germany
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Bross P, Bussmann K, Keppner W, Rasched I. Functional analysis of the adsorption protein of two filamentous phages with different host specificities. J Gen Microbiol 1988; 134:461-71. [PMID: 3171545 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-134-2-461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The gene 3 coding for one minor coat protein (adsorption protein) of phage IKe was cloned into an expression plasmid and overproduced. The presence of a promoter for this gene could be demonstrated as well as the incorporation of the IKe gene 3 protein (g3p) into the cytoplasmic membrane of host cells. When 110 carboxy-terminal amino acids were deleted, the truncated protein was translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane into the periplasm. Thus the deleted amino acids bear a membrane anchor domain. In contrast to the partly homologous g3p of the Ff phages, IKe g3p did not alter the membrane properties of its host. IKe g3p was not incorporated into Ff phage particles in amounts detectable by our assays although the presence of IKe g3p may affect the efficiency of Ff phage production. The existence of a structural feature necessary for the specific recognition of the respective g3p during phage assembly is deduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bross
- Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, FRG
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Feldhoff CM, Luboldt W, Bussmann K, Schrör K. Plasma exchanges in frequently recurrent hemolytic-uremic syndrome in a child. Int J Pediatr Nephrol 1983; 4:239-42. [PMID: 6363316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
22 plasma exchanges (PE) were carried out on a 9 year old boy with frequently recurrent hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) and persistently low plasma factor which normally stimulates vascular prostacyclin (PGI2) release. The factor was partially restored after PE but declined within 2-4 weeks. No major recurrence of HUS occurred, but "minor" attacks recurred despite PE. It is likely that a genetic predisposition is responsible for the recurrences of HUS, but the ultimate relationship between recurrent HUS and persistent plasma deficiency for PGI2-release remains to be defined.
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Gillor A, Bulla M, Roth B, Bussmann K, Schrör K, Tekook A, Gladtke E. Plasmapheresis as a therapeutic measure in hemolytic-uremic syndrome in children. Klin Wochenschr 1983; 61:363-7. [PMID: 6345920 DOI: 10.1007/bf01485028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Three children with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) were successfully treated with plasmapheresis (HUS) were successfully treated with plasmapheresis (PP) combined with early hemodialysis and administration of Aspirin and dipyridamole. Stimulation of vascular prostacyclin release with patients' plasma was measured before and after PP. It was reduced before and increased after plasma exchange. The data indicate that PP might be a useful tool in treatment of (HUS) in children.
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Abstract
An Escherichia coli periplasmic protein (GlpT) related to sn-glycerol-3-phosphate transport was synthesized in a cell-free system directed by hybrid plasmic ColE1-glpT DNA. The in vitro product cross-reacted with antisera against the purified protein. The ColE1-glpT DNA-directed cell-free system was induced by sn-glycerol-3-phosphate and phosphonomycin and was dependent on cyclic AMP. The in vitro-synthesized protein showed the characteristics of a multimeric protein, as did the purified periplasmic protein. The main proportion of the newly synthesized product had a higher molecular weight than the mature protein found in the periplasm of cells and showed a more positive charge in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Thus, a proportion of this protein is presumed to be synthesized in vitro as a precursor. The cell-free system yielded a second protein that is likely to be also coded for by the glpT operon. This protein had a molecular weight of approximately 33,000 in sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis and behaved like an intrinsic membrane protein.
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