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Hwang KC, Choi YK, Jeong YI, Park KB, Choi EJ, Jeong YW, Hossein MS, Hyun SH, Jeung EB, Hwang WS. Demetylation of the sex-determining region Y gene promoter and incidence of disorder of sex development in cloned dog males. J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 71. [PMID: 32991314 DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2020.3.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Canine cloning is occasionally accompanied by abnormal sexual development. Some male donor cells produce cloned pups with female external genitalia and complete male gonadal dysgenesis, which is classified as an XY disorder of sex development (XY DSD). In this study, we examine the potential of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC), a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, to reduce the phenotypic abnormality XY DSD in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)- derived pups. We used a 9-year-old normal male German Shepherd dog as a cell donor. Donor cells were treated with 10 nM 5-aza-dC for 4 days before being used for SCNT. At the same stage of cell development, significantly lower levels of DNA methylation of the sex-determining region Y (SRY) promoter was observed in the treated donor cells compared to that in the untreated cells (95.2% versus 53.3% on day 4 for the control and treated groups, respectively). No significant differences were observed in the control or treatment groups concerning fusion rate, pregnancy rate (30 days or entire period), the number of pups, or the incidence of XY DSD. However, more XY DSD dogs were observed in the control group (31.25%) than in the treatment group (14.29%). Hypermethylation of the SRY promoter was observed in the XY DSD cloned pups in both the treatment (84.8%) and control groups (91.1 ± 1.4%) compared to the methylation level in the phenotypically normal male pups of the treatment (23.2 ± 20.9%) and control groups (39.1 ± 20.1%). These results suggest that 5-aza-dC treatment of donor cells can reduce the methylation level of the SRY promoter in donor cells, and thus, 5-aza-dC is advantageous for reducing the incidence of XY DSD in canine cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Hwang
- Abu Dhabi Biotech Research Foundation, Kyungin-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y K Choi
- Abu Dhabi Biotech Research Foundation, Kyungin-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y I Jeong
- Abu Dhabi Biotech Research Foundation, Kyungin-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K B Park
- Abu Dhabi Biotech Research Foundation, Kyungin-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E J Choi
- Abu Dhabi Biotech Research Foundation, Kyungin-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y W Jeong
- Abu Dhabi Biotech Research Foundation, Kyungin-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M S Hossein
- Abu Dhabi Biotech Research Foundation, Kyungin-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Hyun
- Abu Dhabi Biotech Research Foundation, Kyungin-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - E-B Jeung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - W S Hwang
- Abu Dhabi Biotech Research Foundation, Kyungin-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Lee HY, Heo YT, Lee SE, Hwang KC, Lee HG, Choi SH, Kim NH. Short communication: retinoic acid plus prolactin to synergistically increase specific casein gene expression in MAC-T cells. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:3835-9. [PMID: 23587393 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammary alveolar (MAC-T) cells, an established bovine mammary epithelial cell line, are frequently used to investigate differentiation. A lactogenic phenotype in these cells is induced by treatment with a combination of hydrocortisone, insulin, and prolactin (PRL). The effect of the vitamin A derivative retinoic acid (RA), which induces differentiation in many cells, has not been studied in MAC-T cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the differentiation potential of RA (1 μM) in MAC-T cells and to examine the effect of combined treatment with RA (1 μM) and PRL (5 μg/mL). Although RA treatment alone inhibited MAC-T cell proliferation, co-treatment of RA with PRL increased cell growth compared with the control group (treated with 1 μg/mL hydrocortisone and 5 μg/mL insulin). The ratio of Bcl to Bax mRNA was decreased in the RA treatment compared with RA+PRL or control. Retinoic acid-induced differentiation of MAC-T cells was associated with an increase in the mRNA expression of αS1-casein (3.9-fold), αS2-casein (4.5-fold), and β-casein (4.4-fold) compared with the control group. Expression of αS1-casein, αS2-casein, and β-casein was increased 12.9-fold, 11.9-fold, and 19.3-fold, respectively, following treatment with RA and PRL combined compared with the control group. These results demonstrate that RA induces differentiation of MAC-T cells and acts synergistically with PRL to increase specific casein gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
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Yang BC, Hwang KC, Kim KW, Lee HC, Chung HJ, Jung HK, Oh KB, Hwang SS, Kim NH, Park JK. 149 PRODUCTION OF KNOCK-DOWN MICE WITH shRNA CYTOCHROME P-450 4F16 GENE AND REDUCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv24n1ab149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The putative mouse homologue of cytochrome P-450 4F16 (Cyp4f16) is induced by interleukin-1 (Il-1), interleukin-6 (Il-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (Tnf-α) and repressed by interleukin-10 (Il-10) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The Cyp4F16 is a subfamily of Cyp4F and it is also related to eicosanoids that are important mediators in the inflammatory cascade (Cui et al. 2001). To investigate the role of Cyp4F16, in the present study, we report the production of Cyp4f16 gene knock-down mice in 2 strains of mice, namely A/J and C57BL/6. The A/J is susceptible to infection and it is associated with Cyp4F16, whereas C57BL/6 is relatively resistant to infection. An shRNA-Cyp4F16 expression vector was microinjected into pronuclei of fertilized mouse oocytes and the embryos were transferred into pseudopregnant recipients. As a result, 25 and 50 mice were produced in the A/J and C57BL, respectively. Two mice in the A/J strain and 6 in the C57BL strain were confirmed by PCR as transgenic. Organs were collected in each of the lines produced by inbreeding and screened with real-time PCR for Cyp4f16 transcripts. The Cyp4f16 gene was expressed in a tissue-specific manner with high expression in the pancreas, spleen and lung and a lower level of transcription in the heart, muscle, thymus, kidney, testis and liver. In the spleen of transgenic Cyp4f16 knock-down mice, Cyp4f16 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly lower than those of wild-type mice. The A/J Cyp4f16 knock-down mice suffered an inflammatory skin disease and tumours, but wild-type A/J mice and knock-down C57BL mice did not. Taken together, these results suggest that Cyp4f16 may play a regulatory role in the immune system and point to the use of the Cyp4f16 knock-down mouse as an experimental animal model for the study of the inflammatory process.
This work was supported by a grant PJ0070762010 from BioGreen 21 Program, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.
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Eun LY, Song H, Choi E, Lee TG, Moon DW, Hwang D, Byun KH, Sul JH, Hwang KC. Implanted bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells fail to metabolically stabilize or recover electromechanical function in infarcted hearts. Tissue Cell 2011; 43:238-45. [PMID: 21700305 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used with success in several clinical applications for clinical treatment of ischemic hearts. However, the reported effects of MSC-based therapy on myocardial infarction (MI) are inconsistent. In particular, the preventive effects of MSC-based therapy on arrhythmic sudden death and metabolic disorders after infarction remain controversial. Here, we investigated the effects of MSCs on reverse remodeling in an infarcted myocardium, and found that MSC-therapy failed to achieve the complete regeneration of infarcted myocardium. Histological analyses showed that although infarct size and interstitial fibrosis induced by MI recovered significantly after MSC treatment, these improvements were marginal, indicating that a significant amount of damaged tissue was still present. Furthermore, transplanted MSCs had slight anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects in MSC-implanted regions and no significant improvements in cardiac function were observed, suggesting that naïve MSCs might not be the right cell type to treat myocardial infarction. Furthermore, small ion profiling using ToF-SIMS revealed that the metabolic stabilization provided by the MSCs implantation was not significant compared to the sham group. Together, these results indicate that pretreatment of MSCs is needed to enhance the benefits of MSCs, particularly when MSCs are used to treat arrhythmogenicity and metabolically stabilize infarcted myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Eun
- Yonsei University Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
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Tai LA, Hwang KC. Regulation of xanthine oxidase activity by substrates at active sites via cooperative interactions between catalytic subunits: implication to drug pharmacokinetics. Curr Med Chem 2011; 18:69-78. [PMID: 21110814 DOI: 10.2174/092986711793979760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three xanthine oxidase substrates (i.e., xanthine, adenine, and 2-amino-4-hydroxypterin) show a "substrate inhibition" pattern (i.e., slower turnover rates at higher substrate concentrations), whereas another two substrates (i.e., xanthopterin and lumazine) show a "substrate activation" pattern (i.e., higher turnover rates at higher substrate concentrations). Binding of a 6-formylpterin at one of the two xanthine oxidase active sites slows down the turnover rate of xanthine at the adjacent active site from 17.0 s(-1) to 10.5 s(-1), and converts the V-[S] plot from "substrate inhibition" pattern to a classical Michaelis-Menten hyperbolic saturation pattern. In contrast, binding of xanthine at an active site accelerates the turnover rate of 6-formylpterin at the neighboring active site. The experimental results demonstrate that a substrate can regulate the activity of xanthine oxidase via binding at the active sites; or a xanthine oxidase catalytic subunit can simultaneously serve as a regulatory unit. Theoretical simulation based on the velocity equation derived from the extended Michaelis-Menten model shows that the substrate inhibition and the substrate activation behavior in the V-[S] plots could be obtained by introducing cooperative interactions between two catalytic subunits in homodimeric enzymes. The current work confirms that there exist very strong cooperative interactions between the two catalytic subunits of xanthine oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Tai
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua Universty, Hsinchu, R. O. C. Taiwan
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Abstract
Boron nitride nanotubes display unique properties and have many potential applications. A finite-deformation shell theory is developed for boron nitride nanotubes directly from the interatomic potential to account for the effect of bending and curvature. Its constitutive relation accounts for the nonlinear, multi-body atomistic interactions, and therefore can model the important effect of tube chirality and radius. The theory is then used to determine whether a single-wall boron nitride nanotube can be modeled as a linear elastic isotropic shell. Instabilities of boron nitride nanotubes under different loadings (e.g., tension, compression, and torsion) are also studied. It is shown that the tension instability of boron nitride nanotubes is material instability, while the compression and torsion instabilities are structural instabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA
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Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) used to reinforce polymer matrix composites are functionalized to form covalent bonds with the polymer in order to enhance the CNT/polymer interfaces. These bonds destroy the perfect atomic structures of a CNT and degrade its mechanical properties. We use atomistic simulations to study the effect of hydrogenization on the mechanical properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes. The elastic modulus of CNTs gradually decreases with the increasing functionalization (percentage of C-H bonds). However, both the strength and ductility drop sharply at a small percentage of functionalization, reflecting their sensitivity to C-H bonds. The cluster C-H bonds forming two rings leads to a significant reduction in the strength and ductility. The effect of carbonization has essentially the same effect as hydrogenization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Q Zhang
- FML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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Song J, Wu J, Huang Y, Hwang KC, Jiang H. Stiffness and thickness of boron-nitride nanotubes. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2008; 8:3774-3780. [PMID: 19051934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We establish an analytic approach to determine the tensile and bending stiffness of a hexagonal boron-nitride (h-BN) monolayer and single- and multi-wall boron-nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) directly from the interatomic potential. Such an approach enables one to bypass atomistic simulations and to give the tensile and bending stiffness in terms of the parameters in the potential. For single- and multi-wall BNNTs, the stiffness also depends on the (inner most or outer most) wall radius and the number of the walls. The thickness of h-BN monolayer is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Song
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Abstract
The aim of the study was to tailor a future Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine campaign and to help perform early primary prevention of HPV infection in Taiwan, where the incidence of cervical cancer is high. A cross-sectional survey was conducted of 826 female students, ages 10, 13, 16 and 19-22 years. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on risk factors for HPV infection. Serum samples were tested for antibodies to HPV 16 capsids using a virus-like particle-based enzyme-linked immunosorbence assay. The age-adjusted odds ratio of HPV seropositivity was calculated for each risk factor by multiple logistic regression analysis. HPV 16 antibodies were detected in 13 (1.6%) of 826 participants. The HPV 16 seroprevalence was 0.35% (1/287), 0.85% (2/235), 3.2% (6/185) and 3.4% (4/119), respectively, for age groups of 10, 13, 16 and 19-22 years. In the multiple regression analysis, the history of having sexual activity was the most significant risk predictor for HPV 16 seropositivity. The seroprevalence of HPV 16 increased dramatically among high school seniors and university students, and was significantly associated with sexual activity. Vaccination against HPV is suggested to be undertaken in early adolescence, before 16 years of age and prior to sexual debut.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Hospital, Department of Health, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hwang KC, Cho SK, Kim JH. 248 ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES IN PIG scNT-DERIVED UMBILICAL CORD. Reprod Fertil Dev 2006. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv18n2ab248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous studies performed on somatic cell cloned (scNT) animals, the factors behind the anomalies such as overgrowth, placental malformations, and heart failure remain unknown. These observations provide a cautionary note about the safety of current cloning procedures. Ovaries were collected from pubertal gilts at a local slaughterhouse, and oocytes with evenly granulated cytoplasm surrounded by at least three uniform layers of compact cumulus cells were selected and cultured in NCSU-23 medium. A single donor cell was injected into the perivitelline space of each egg and then electrically fused. Approximately 200 scNT embryos were transferred into the oviduct of each recipient. In the study, we generated 58 somatic cell cloned (scNT) piglets. Of these, six scNT piglets displayed severe abnormalities in several organs due to severe disruption of two umbilical cord arteries. Histologically, there was evidence of severe calcification in the kidney and placenta, peliosis in the sinusolidal space of the liver, abnormal stroma cell proliferation in lung, and tubular degeneration as a result of ischemic change due to lung congestion. To determine the genes responsible for disruption of umbilical cord arteries, a pig 13 K oligo cDNA microarray, developed in-house at GenoCheck Co., Ltd. (Ansan, Korea), was used for gene expression profiling studies. In scNT piglets that have severe disruption in the arteries of umbilical cord, 23 genes were up-regulated, but 127 genes were down-regulated, especially angiogenesis-related genes (VEGFa, PLANH1, CYR61, and SMAD4), cytoskeleton-related genes (14-3-3E, CCT3, DCTN1, KRT7, and MARK4), and hypoxia-related genes (HIG2 and DDIT4). These scNT piglets were chronically exposed to maternal and fetal blood circulation problems and, as a result, they died within the first week of life. The histological findings in this study have not been reported previously in scNT animals and demonstrate a possible correlation between early death of scNT clones and abnormality of two umbilical cord arteries.
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Chao CL, Hwang KC. Arsenic burden survey among refuse incinerator workers. J Postgrad Med 2005; 51:98-103. [PMID: 16006699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incinerator workers are not considered to have arsenic overexposure although they have the risk of overexposure to other heavy metals. AIM To examine the relationship between arsenic burden and risk of occupational exposure in employees working at a municipal refuse incinerator by determining the concentrations of arsenic in the blood and urine. SETTINGS AND DESIGN The workers were divided into three groups based on their probability of contact with combustion-generated residues, namely Group 1: indirect contact, Group 2: direct contact and Group 3: no contact. Healthy age- and sex-matched residents living in the vicinity were enrolled as the control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS Heavy metal concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Downstream rivers and drinking water of the residents were examined for environmental arsenic pollution. A questionnaire survey concerning the contact history of arsenic was simultaneously conducted. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Non-parametric tests, cross-tabulation and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS This study recruited 122 incinerator workers. The urine and blood arsenic concentrations as well as incidences of overexposure were significantly higher in the workers than in control subjects. The workers who had indirect or no contact with combustion-generated residues had significantly higher blood arsenic level. Arsenic contact history could not explain the difference. Airborne and waterborne arsenic pollution were not detected. CONCLUSION Incinerator workers run the risk of being exposed to arsenic pollution, especially those who have incomplete protection in the workplace even though they only have indirect or no contact with combustion-generated pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Chao
- Department of Health, Taipei Hospital, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are the major contributing factors to lung ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. In this study, we tested whether a water soluble antioxidant fullerene derivative [C(60)(ONO(2))(7 +/- 2)] attenuates IR lung injury. Young Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control and C(60)(ONO(2))(7 +/- 2). Under ventilation with 95% air-5% CO(2) gas mixture and a 2.5 cm H(2)O end-expiratory pressure, the isolated lungs were perfused with a physiological solution. The experimental protocol included three periods: baseline (10 min), ischemia (45 min) and reperfusion (60 min, ventilated with 95% O(2)-5% CO(2) gas mixture). Before and after ischemia, we measured pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa), pulmonary venous pressure and lung weight (W). Then, pulmonary capillary pressure and filtration coefficient (K(fc)) were calculated. Ischemia caused increases in Ppa, W and K(fc) in the control group. For most cases, the above ischemia-induced increases were attenuated by the C(60)(ONO(2))(7 +/- 2) pretreatment. Our results suggest that the antioxidant C(60)(ONO(2))(7 +/- 2) attenuates IR-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-L Lai
- Department of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1 Sec. 1, Jen-ai Road Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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Arora KS, Hwang KC, Turro NJ. Photophysical investigations of the interactions of phospholipids and a pyrene-substituted poly(acrylic acid) in dilute solutions. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00165a025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fukunaga P, Hwang KC, Davis SH, Winnick J. Mixed-Gas Adsorption and Vacuum Desorption of Carbon Dioxide on Molecular Sieve. Thermodynamic and Rate Behavior. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/i260026a020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lin HC, Hwang KC, Yang YH, Lin YT, Chiang BL. Risk factors of wheeze and allergy after lower respiratory tract infections during early childhood. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2001; 34:259-64. [PMID: 11825005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs) during early childhood can lead to bronchial hyperreactivity or recurrent obstructive bronchitis. The role of LRIs in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, atopic eczema, and bronchial asthma is less clear. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the incidence of subsequent wheezing and atopy, and the known risk factors for allergic sensitization in 74 children hospitalized for acute LRIs of various etiologies from January 1994 through December 1994. Results showed that there are no differences in outcomes between patients with respiratory syncytial virus LRI, Chlamydia pneumoniae LRI, and LRIs caused by other agents. Although lower respiratory tract illnesses, especially those caused by respiratory syncytial virus during infancy, were associated with an increased risk of subsequent wheezing during early childhood, wheezing tended to disappear with increasing age in many children. This study also found recurrent episodes of wheezing during the first 5 years of life, and symptoms suggestive of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis were the only factors predictive of subsequent diagnosis of asthma for children who had LRIs during early childhood. In conclusion, this study suggests that prevention of recurrent wheezing LRIs and good control of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis is critical for preventing subsequent development of bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Provincial Keelung Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
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16
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Eom YW, Yoo MH, Woo CH, Hwang KC, Song WK, Yoo YJ, Chun JS, Kim JH. Implication of the small GTPase Rac1 in the apoptosis induced by UV in Rat-2 fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 285:825-9. [PMID: 11453667 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of mammalian cells to ultraviolet (UV) light elicits a cellular response and also lead to apoptotic cell death. However, the role of Rac, a member of Rho family GTPases, in the UV-induced apoptosis has never been examined. In UV-irradiated Rat-2 fibroblasts, nuclear fragmentation began to be observed within 2 h and the total viability of Rat-2 cells were only about 15% at 6 h following by UV irradiation, whereas the total viability in Rat2-Rac(N17) cells stably expressing RacN17, a dominant negative Rac1 mutant, was almost close to 67%. Pretreatment with SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 kinase, likewise attenuated UV-induced cell death, but PD98059, a MEK inhibitor, did not. Thus, Rac1 and p38 kinase appear to be components in the apoptotic signaling pathway induced by UV irradiation in Rat-2 fibroblasts. In addition, our results show that p38 kinase stimulation by UV is dramatically inhibited by RacN17, suggesting that p38 kinase is situated downstream of Rac1 in the UV signaling to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Eom
- Department of Life Science, Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology (K-JIST), Kwang-Ju 500-712, Korea
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17
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Sohn YD, Lim HJ, Hwang KC, Kwon JH, Park HY, Chung KH, Cho SY, Jang Y. A novel recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor and its secretion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 284:931-6. [PMID: 11409882 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) is a pleiotropic mitogen which plays an important role in cell growth, differentiation, migration, and survival in different cells and organ systems. Recently, several clinical applications for FGF-2 gene transfer are being evaluated in wound healing and collateral artery development to relieve myocardial and peripheral ischemia due to the ability of FGF-2 to regulate the growth and function of vascular cells. However, FGF-2 lacks a classical hydrophobic secretion signal peptide, the FGF-2 chimeras containing various signal sequences have been explored. In this study, a novel recombinant 4sFGF-2 was constructed by replacing nine residues from the amino-terminus of native FGF-2 (Met1 to Leu9) with eight amino acid residues of signal peptide of FGF-4 (Met1 to Ala8) to better increase the secretion level of FGF-2. When the recombinant FGF-2 gene, cloned into the expression vector with CMV promoter, was expressed in COS-7 cells, the recombinant 4sFGF-2 was highly secreted into the media. The secreted 4sFGF-2 showed the same biological activity as the native FGF-2 in the dose-response effects on DNA synthesis and cell growth of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) and NIH3T3 cells. The 4sFGF-2 also was able to activate MAPK as wild FGF-2 in RASMCs. These results indicate that a novel recombinant 4sFGF-2 may be useful as clinical applicability of angiogenic growth factor gene transfer.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/cytology
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiology
- COS Cells
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Cloning, Molecular/methods
- DNA/biosynthesis
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/biosynthesis
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/genetics
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 4
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/pharmacology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology
- Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Skin/metabolism
- Transfection/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Sohn
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
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Abstract
Alloxanthine-inhibited xanthine oxidase (XOD) was found to be photoreactivated by irradiation of light of wavelengths in the range of 340-430 nm. The enzyme activity can be fully controlled to be on or off by many dark-light cycles. Electron spin resonance measurement shows the appearance of the molybdenum (V) ion and the reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH.) radical signals after irradiation of the alloxanthine-XOD complex. Electronic-absorption spectrum also shows the bleaching of Fe/S and flavin adenine dinucleotide chromophores at 375 and 450 nm as well as broad-band absorption of FADH. in the range of 500-700 nm. The quantum yield of photoreactivation of the enzyme activity is approximately 0.06. A photoinduced intraenzyme electron-transfer model is proposed to rationalize the photoreactivation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Tai
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043, ROC
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Hwang KC, Song KD, Kim TH, Jeong DK, Sohn SH, Lillehoj HS, Han JY. Genetic Linkage Mapping of RAPD Markers Segregating in Korean Ogol Chicken - White Leghorn Backcross Population. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2001.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Lin HC, Hwang KC, Lee HJ, Tsai MJ, Ni YH, Chiang BL. Penicillamine induced lupus-like syndrome: a case report. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2000; 33:202-4. [PMID: 11045386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Several drugs have been suggested to cause lupus-like syndrome. However, penicillamine-induced lupus-like syndrome has only rarely been reported in patients with Wilson's disease. We describe a 6- year-old Taiwanese girl, with a diagnosis of Wilson's disease in November, 1997, who developed lupus-like syndrome 17 months after penicillamine treatment. After treatment with prednisolone and decrease in the dose of penicillamine, her symptoms subsided gradually. This is the first such case reported in a Taiwanese patient. Because the symptoms of drug-induced lupus (DIL) are nonspecific, subjective and variable, the diagnosis of DIL requires awareness of DIL-inducing potential of chronic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Provincial Keelung Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
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21
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Samuel D, Kumar TK, Ganesh G, Jayaraman G, Yang PW, Chang MM, Trivedi VD, Wang SL, Hwang KC, Chang DK, Yu C. Proline inhibits aggregation during protein refolding. Protein Sci 2000; 9:344-52. [PMID: 10716186 PMCID: PMC2144545 DOI: 10.1110/ps.9.2.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro refolding of hen egg-white lysozyme is studied in the presence of various osmolytes. Proline is found to prevent aggregation during protein refolding. However, other osmolytes used in this study fail to exhibit a similar property. Experimental evidence suggests that proline inhibits protein aggregation by binding to folding intermediate(s) and trapping the folding intermediate(s) into enzymatically inactive, "aggregation-insensitive" state(s). However, elimination of proline from the refolded protein mixture results in significant recovery of the bacteriolytic activity. At higher concentrations (>1.5 M), proline is shown to form loose, higher-order molecular aggregate(s). The supramolecular assembly of proline is found to possess an amphipathic character. Formation of higher-order aggregates is believed to be crucial for proline to function as a protein folding aid. In addition to its role in osmoregulation under water stress conditions, the results of this study hint at the possibility of proline behaving as a protein folding chaperone.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Samuel
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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22
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Wang IC, Tai LA, Lee DD, Kanakamma PP, Shen CK, Luh TY, Cheng CH, Hwang KC. C(60) and water-soluble fullerene derivatives as antioxidants against radical-initiated lipid peroxidation. J Med Chem 1999; 42:4614-20. [PMID: 10579823 DOI: 10.1021/jm990144s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
C(60), vitamin E, and three C(60) derivatives (polar 1 and water-soluble C(3)/D(3)C(60)s) were examined for their antioxidant effects on prevention of lipid peroxidation induced by superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. The protection effect on lipid peroxidation was found to be in the sequence: C(60) >/= vitamin E > 1 > none, for liposoluble antioxidants, and C(3)C(60) >> D(3)C(60) > none, for water-soluble ones. Fluorescence quenching of PyCH(2)COOH (Py = pyrene) by both C(3)- and D(3)C(60)s shows that the Stern-Volmer constant, K(SV), is about the same for both quenchers in aqueous solution. Upon addition of liposomes, the fluorescence quenching becomes more efficient: 5-fold higher in K(SV) for C(3)C(60) than for D(3)C(60). When Py(CH(2))(n)()COOH (n = 1, 3, 5, 9, or 15) was incorporated in lipid membranes, the K(SV)s all were small and nearly equal for D(3)C(60) but were quite large and different for C(3)C(60) with the sequence: n = 1 < 3 < 5 < 9 < 15. The better protection effect of C(3)C(60) on lipid peroxidation than that of D(3)C(60) is attributed to its stronger interaction with membranes. Overall, the antioxidation abilities of the compounds examined were rationalized in terms of the number of reactive sites, the location of antioxidant in lipid membranes, and the strength of interactions between antioxidants and membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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23
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Yang CY, Cheng MF, Tsai SS, Hung CF, Lai TC, Hwang KC. Effects of indoor environmental factors on risk for acute otitis media in a subtropical area. J Toxicol Environ Health A 1999; 56:111-119. [PMID: 9972922 DOI: 10.1080/009841099158178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between indoor environmental factors and acute otitis media in a subtropical area. A case-control study was performed using participants from a prevalence survey that included 219 school children with acute otitis media and 219 age- and gender-matched controls. The study was confined to 4164 primary school children aged 6-12 yr attending 8 primary schools in Kaohsiung rural municipalities who participated in a prevalence study of the health effects of an indoor environment. An acute otitis media case was defined as a child with acute symptoms (presenting with earache, fever, irritability, and/or discharge from the ear) diagnosed by a physician in the previous year. Controls selected from the same school did not have chronic or acute respiratory illness or an ear-related illness during the same period. Information regarding the home environment was obtained using a structured written questionnaire, completed by the parents of the children. Of the many indoor environmental factors included in this study, only living in a home with indications of dampness (mold, flooding, home dampness) showed an association with acute otitis media. It was concluded that dampness in the home is a new public health issue in subtropical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Yang
- School of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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24
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Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between indoor environmental factors and childhood asthma in a subtropical area. DESIGN A case-control study was performed using participants of a prevalence survey that included 165 schoolchildren with asthma and 165 age- and gender-matched control subjects. SETTING The study was confined to 4,164 schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years attending eight primary schools in Kaohsiung County rural municipalities who participated in a prevalence study concerning the health effects of the indoor environment. PARTICIPANTS Cases (n=165) were defined as children with current asthma confirmed by a physician. Control subjects (n=165) were selected from the same school and class and matched for age and gender, and they did not have a previous diagnosis of asthma, history of physician-confirmed atopic diseases, persistent wheezing, cough, or phlegm, or reported chest illness, pneumonia, or bronchitis. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Information regarding the home environment was obtained using a structured written questionnaire, completed by the parents of the children. Of the many indoor environmental factors included in this study, only home dampness showed an association with asthma (odds ratio=2.65). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that dampness in the home is a new public health issue in subtropical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Yang
- School of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, ROC.
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25
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Huang YL, Shen CK, Luh TY, Yang HC, Hwang KC, Chou CK. Blockage of apoptotic signaling of transforming growth factor-beta in human hepatoma cells by carboxyfullerene. Eur J Biochem 1998; 254:38-43. [PMID: 9652391 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2540038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) has been shown to induce apoptosis in normal hepatocytes and hepatoma cells both in vivo and in vitro. However, the mechanism by which TGF-beta induces apoptosis is not clear. The antiapoptotic activity of antioxidants including N-acetyl-L-cysteine (Ac-Cys), ascorbic acid and a novel free radical scavenger, carboxyfullerene (C60) on TGF-beta-treated human hepatoma Hep3B cells was examined. Only the water-soluble hexacarboxylic acid derivative of C60 was found to prevent TGF-beta-induced apoptosis. Antiapoptotic activity of C60 correlated its ability to eliminate TGF-beta-generated reactive oxygen species (ROSs). However, C60 did not interfere with TGF-beta-activated PAI-1 promoter activity in the Hep3B cells. These results indicate that the signaling pathway of TGF-beta-induced apoptosis may be related to the generation of ROSs and may be uncoupled from the TGF-beta-activated gene promoter activity. Furthermore, the regioisomer of C60 with a C3 symmetry was more potent in protecting cells from apoptosis than that with a D3 symmetry, and the C3 isomer had stronger interactions with lipid bilayers than the D3 isomer. The spectroscopic analysis revealed that the C3 isomer had stronger interactions with artificial lipid bilayers than the D3 isomer. Therefore, our study indicates that C60 may interact with membrane to eliminate TGF-beta-induced ROSs and to prevent apoptosis occur in human hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Q.-S. Zheng
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - K. C. Hwang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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27
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently demonstrated that Gh, which transfers the signal from the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor to the 69-kD phospholipase C, is the previously identified tissue-type transglutaminase (TGase II). The alpha 1-adrenergic receptor mediates actions of the sympathetic nervous system, including cardiac, arteriolar, and smooth muscle contractions. In human cardiac tissue, the expression of the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor is increased under pathophysiological conditions, but changes in the physiological response are small. Therefore, it has been suggested that the other components involved in the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor-mediated signaling pathway are probably altered. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunological and biochemical studies with nonfailling and failing human heart tissues revealed that the GTP-binding and TGase activities of human heart TGase II (hhG alpha n) are downregulated in both ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathic human heart. In ischemic cardiomyopathy, the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor number increased twofold (27.0 fmol/mg) compared with the nonfailing (12.8 fmol/mg) and the dilated cardiomyopathic (15.6 fmol/mg) heart tissues, but the coupling of hhG alpha h with the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor did not increase. The intrinsic activity of hhG alpha h, was greatly decreased in membrane fractions, whereas the cytosolic TGase activity was not changed. In the dilated cardiomyopathic human heart, these intrinsic enzyme activities of hhG alpha h were also downregulated in the membrane fraction, whereas the amount of hhG alpha h protein was greatly increased (2.8-fold) compared with the nonfailing heart. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study clearly demonstrate that the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor in human heart couples with Gh (TGase II) and indicate that downregulation of hhG alpha h activity is associated with human cardiac failure but that the mechanism differs between ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Hwang
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA
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28
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Baek KJ, Das T, Gray CD, Desai S, Hwang KC, Gacchui R, Ludwig M, Im MJ. A 50 KDa protein modulates guanine nucleotide binding of transglutaminase II. Biochemistry 1996; 35:2651-7. [PMID: 8611570 DOI: 10.1021/bi9522965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of cellular response is an important mechanism for controlling cellular functions. The transmembrane signaling of the hormone receptors is regulated by GTP-binding proteins (GTPases) and their associated proteins. Our previous studies demonstrated that the bifunctional GTP-binding protein, G alpha h (transglutaminase II), consistently copurified with an approximately 50 kDa protein (G Beta h) which is dissociated from G alpha h upon activation with GTP gamma S or AlF4-. Present immunological and biochemical studies on the regulation of the GTPase cycle of G alpha h, which involves the alpha 1-adrenoceptor and 50 KDa G beta h, reveal that the 50 kDa protein is indeed a G alpha h-associated protein and down regulates functions of G alpha h. Thus, polyclonal antibody against G Beta h coimmunoprecipitates GDP-bound G alpha h but not the GDP-AlF4--bound form. The GTP gamma S binding and GTPase activity of G alpha h are inhibited in a G beta h concentration dependent manner. Supporting this notion, G beta h accelerated GTP gamma S release from G alpha h and changes the affinity of G alpha h from GTP to GDP. Moreover, the ternary complex preparation exhibits TGase activity that is inhibited in the presence of the alpha 1-agonist and GTP. The GTP gamma S binding by the ternary complex, consisting of the alpha 1-agonist, the receptor, and Gh, is also inhibited by G beta h. The inhibition of GTP gamma S binding with the ternary complex requires a > or = 2.7-fold higher concentration of G beta h than the G alpha h alone, indicating that the receptor enhances the affinity of G alpha h for GTP. In addition, G beta h copurifies with an alpha 1-agonist, adrenoceptor, and G alpha h ternary complex, showing that the complex is a heterotetramer. Our data also suggest that G beta h does not directly interact with alpha 1-adrenoceptor. These findings clearly demonstrate that G alpha h associates with a novel protein which modulates the affinity of G alpha h for guanine nucleotides and that the GDP-bound Gh is the ground state for the counterpart activator, the alpha 1-adrenoceptor, in this signaling system.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Baek
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA
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29
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Abstract
The GTP binding G alpha h (transglutaminase II) mediates the alpha 1B-adrenoreceptor signal to a 69-kDa phospholipase C (PLC). Thus, G alpha h possesses both GTPase and transglutaminase activities with a signal transfer role. The recognition sites of this unique GTP binding protein for either the receptor or the effector are completely unknown. A site on human heart G alpha h (hhG alpha h) has been identified that interacts with and stimulates PLC. Expressed mutants of hhG alpha h with deleted C-terminal regions lost the response to (-)-epinephrine and GTP and failed to coimmunoprecipitate PLC by the specific Gh7 alpha antibody. The interaction regions were further defined by studies with synthetic peptides of hhG alpha h and a chimera in which residues Val665-Lys672 of hhG alpha h were substituted with Ile707-Ser714 residues of human coagulation factor XIIIa. Thus, eight amino acid residues near the C terminus of hhG alpha h are critical for recognition and stimulation of PLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Hwang
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA
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Liu DL, Teng RJ, Ho MM, Hwang KC, Hwang LM. Human herpesvirus-6 associated hemophagocytic syndrome in beta-thalassemia: report of one case. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1995; 36:373-375. [PMID: 8607365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An 8-month-old male infant with severe anemia and thrombocytopenia was brought to our hospital due to fever and pallor. The physical examination on admission showed pale conjunctivae, skin rash, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. Subsequent laboratory studies showed pancytopenia, impaired liver function, elevated lactate dehydrogenase level but without evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Bone marrow aspiration demonstrated increased macrophages and prominent hemophagocytosis. The serological studies revealed a recent infection of human herpesvirus-6 which was confirmed by blood mononuclear cell culture and polymerase chain reaction. This infant was also found to have beta-thalassemia which was confirmed by hemoglobin electrophoresis performed before first transfusion. After treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and other supportive therapies, the bone marrow abnormalities has completely recovered after 5 days, and the hemogram improved. This report demonstrates the human herpesvirus-6 as the etiology of hemophagocytic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Provincial Tao-Yuan General Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C
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31
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Teng RJ, Ho MM, Wang PJ, Hwang KC. Trismus-pseudocamptodctyly syndrome: report of one case. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1994; 35:144-7. [PMID: 8184690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Trismus-pseudocamptodactyly syndrome is a rare neuromuscular disorder that manifests as a combination of hand, foot, and mouth anomalies. Limited range of motion for hands, feet, and mouth are typical presentations. A male term newborn baby was noted to have trismus, ulnar deviation of both wrist joints, limited stretch of digits during hand dorsiflexion but with full digital extension during volarflexion, and talipes equinovarus of the right foot. These anomalies were not seen in his parents. Hecht syndrome, or trismus-pseudocamptodactyly syndrome, was diagnosed with a negative result of electromyographic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Teng
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, R.O.C
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32
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Hwang KC, Mauzerall D, Wagner RW, Lindsey JS. Synthesis of amphipathic porphyrins and their photoinduced electron transfer reactions at the lipid bilayer-water interface. Photochem Photobiol 1994; 59:145-51. [PMID: 8165233 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1994.tb05014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A one flask synthesis of cis-substituted amphipathic porphyrins is reported. These porphyrins were used to study electrostatic effects on photoinduced electron transfer across the lipid bilayer-water interface. A neutral porphyrin undergoes only dynamic interfacial electron transfer reactions irrespective of charge of the acceptor, although ionic strength effects indicate a negative charge on the porphyrin donor species. A dianionic porphyrin forms an interfacial static complex with a dicationic electron acceptor, methyl viologen, at low ionic strength. The electron transfer rate within the complex is slow, 10(5) approximately 10(6) s-1, which is attributed to a near orthogonal orientation between the donor and the acceptor pi orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Hwang
- Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021
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Teng RJ, Tsou Yau KI, Ho MM, Hwang KC, Lee CY. Postnatal growth of low birthweight neonates in Taiwan. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1993; 34:443-50. [PMID: 8296556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The postnatal growth pattern of four hundred and twenty five Chinese low birth-weight neonates was assessed. All those whose birthweight were below 2500 grams and survived for more than 180 days during the study period were included. The gestational age was between 26 and 40 weeks, and the birthweights were between 766 and 2496 grams, respectively. Infants were grouped according to 250-gram birth-weight categories. The mean age of the lowest weight, mean age of weight regain, and percentage of weight loss were calculated for each weight group and demonstrated an inverse correlation to the birthweight. The mean age of the lowest weight ranged between 2.72 and 6.62 days, mean weight loss was between 4.06 and 14.56%, and age of weight regain was between 4.93 and 17.15 days, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Teng
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, R.O.C
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Lu CP, Lee WJ, Ho MM, Hwang KC. Risk factors of coronary arterial aneurysm in Kawasaki disease. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1993; 34:173-80. [PMID: 8368064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
From April 1983 to August 1991, 70 cases of Kawasaki disease were admitted to Taiwan Provincial Tao-Yuan General Hospital. Fifty-seven patients treated with aspirin 80-100 mg/kg/day alone during the acute phase were followed by two-dimensional echocardiography for two weeks to two years. Twelve cases (21%) complicated with coronary arterial aneurysm (CAA) were referred as high risk group. Those who had no CAA were a low risk group. Stepwise discriminant analysis was performed to obtain risk factors of CAA based on clinical and early laboratory data. This yielded a classification accuracy of 75.4%. The combination of two parameters, white blood cell count and C-reactive protein, can be applied to early identify Kawasaki patients at high or low risk of CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taiwan Provincial Tao-Yuan General Hospital, Tao-Yuan, R.O.C
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35
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Chang CA, Teng RJ, Yen SL, Chang S, Ho MM, Hwang KC. Congenital chylothorax managed by partial pleurodesis: report of one case. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1993; 34:211-5. [PMID: 8368069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Congenital chylothorax, a rare cause of respiratory distress in neonate, presented here with respiratory distress from two days of age. Thoracocentesis was performed at six days, revealing a clear fluid with high protein content. Thoracotomy was performed at the age of 33 days because of a profuse amount of chest tube drainage. A leak of chyle was found near the esophageal hiatus of the costophrenic angle. Partial pleurodesis was performed because of difficulty in identifying the exact leakage point. Respiratory status improved very quickly after the operation, and oral intake was well-tolerated during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taiwan Provincial Feng-Yuan General Hospital, Feng-Yuan, Taichung, R.O.C
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36
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Abstract
Electron transport across a membrane is central to photosynthesis, to mitochondrial respiration and to the design of molecular systems for solar energy conversion. Relatively few synthetic molecules, however, have been shown to facilitate transport of electrons across a lipid bilayer. We report here that C70 can act as both a photosensitizer for electron transfer from a donor molecule and a mediator for electron transport across a lipid bilayer membrane. The steady-state photocurrent density obtained from the C70-bilayer system is about 40 times higher, at comparable light intensities, than that of the carotene-porphyrinquinone system, previously the most efficient artificial system. The C70-bilayer system has a quantum yield of about 0.04, while the stability (tens of minutes) and turnover number (electrons transported per C70 before decay) of 10(3) are one to three orders of magnitude greater than those of other systems. We anticipate that other higher fullerenes may also provide the basis for efficient transmembrane electron-transport systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Hwang
- Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Taiwan Provincial Taoyuan General Hospital, R.O.C
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38
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Lu CP, Teng RJ, Chen MH, Liao KS, Ho MM, Hwang KC. Intestinal malrotation and gastric perforation in a newborn with tetralogy of Fallot: report of one case. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1992; 33:446-9. [PMID: 1306930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gastric perforation with gastrointestinal anomaly is rare in newborns. A case of Tetralogy of Fallot with both malrotation and gastric perforation is reported. Before operation, malrotation was diagnosed from the x-ray films. Laparotomy disclosed a linear perforation on the posterior wall of the gastric body. Mechanical obstruction might have played a role in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Provincial Tao-Yuan General Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C
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39
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Chang ML, Hwang CF, Ho MM, Hwang KC, Liu HM. Intracerebral arteriovenous fistula: report of one case. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1992; 33:200-5. [PMID: 1514413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intracranial arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is rare. Of the 320 arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) treated by Halbach over the past ten years, only five (1.6%) had a single arteriovenous connection. In the present study, a male infant developed focal seizure and intracranial hemorrhage without cardiac decompensation at the age of 42 days. When he was 3 years and 4 months old, status epileptics occurred, and AVF was discovered via CT scan and cerebral angiographic examination. The AVF was fed by a middle cerebral artery and drained into a huge cortical vein over the left parietooccipital area. Endovascular therapy and/or surgery were suggested, but the family refused. Though seizures occurred occasionally, the patient's consciousness level had become more clear, and he was discharged after three weeks' hospitalization. The patient was noted to be lethargic and only could roll over partially at the age of 3 year and 8 months, in the latest follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taiwan Provincial Tao-Yuan General Hospital, Taipei, R.O.C
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Yen SL, Lee MT, Ho MM, Hwang KC. [Short-term ceftriaxone treatment of typhoid fever in children]. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1991; 32:382-6. [PMID: 1823514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ten children, diagnosed as having typhoid fever, were enrolled in this study between April and September, 1989. Ceftriaxone was administered intravenously, in two dosages adding to 50-100 mg/kg/day over as short a period as five days. The mean period of defervescence was 3.2 days. No adverse reactions to the drug occurred; all those fulfilling the prescribed course were cured. To date, no relapse has been reported nor has any patient become a chronic carrier. Shortterm use of Ceftriaxone had the advantages of rapid response, abscence of serious side effects, and low failure rate in treating children with typhoid fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Yen
- Department of Pediatrics, Taiwan Provincial Tao-Yuan General Hospital, R.O.C
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Lee PI, Lee CY, Chen JM, Huang LM, Hwang KC, Lee MJ. Efficacy and safety of oral cefixime therapy in common infectious diseases in children. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1991; 32:145-50. [PMID: 1776438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-nine children, including 20 boys and 9 girls, were enrolled in an open trial of oral cefixime therapy for common pediatric infectious diseases. Patients aged between 0.5 month and 12 years with a mean +/- standard deviation of 2.3 +/- 2.8 years. The diagnoses included 10 of acute otitis media, 2 of purulent rhinitis, 4 of acute enterocolitis, and 13 of urinary tract infection. Most children received 6-12 mg/kg/day of cefixime granules, orally twice daily for more than five days. All 10 cases (100%) of acute otitis media and 2 cases of purulent rhinitis were either cured, or improved by oral cefixime treatment. None of them was microbiologically evaluable. Four cases (100%) of acute enterocolitis, 3 due to Salmonella group B, one due to Shigella flexneri, were also successfully treated with bacteria eradication. However, the cure rate of 13 cases of urinary tract infection was only 85% (11/13). Seven Escherichia coli and 4 Proteus mirabilis infections were eradicated, whereas one each of Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae infections did not respond to treatment; these two cases had a complicated course. The overall cure and improvement rate was 93%. Although five patients had transient episodes of mild diarrhea, no significant adverse reaction was observed. In summary, oral cefixime given twice daily was effective and safe in the treatment of a variety of common infectious diseases in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P I Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, R.O.C
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Lai PC, Jehng CH, Chiang LM, Liao KS, Chen MH, Ho MM, Hwang KC. Jejunal atresia with "apple peel" deformity: report of one case. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1991; 32:47-53. [PMID: 2063677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A case of jejunal atresia with "apple peel" deformity is presented. A 27-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, suffered from premature labor pain and vaginal bleeding at 32 weeks of gestation. Prenatal ultrasound examination revealed presence of three areas of cystic dilatation in the fetal abdomen and marked polyhydramnios, indicating a high bowel obstruction. A female baby was delivered by Cesarean section with Apgar scores of 7 and 8 at one and five minutes, respectively. Physical examination showed abdominal distention. Nasogastric tube aspiration got more than 50 ml of blood-tinged fluid. Roentgenography demonstrated a high jejunal obstruction as well as a normally rotated colon. Laparotomy disclosed proximal jejunal atresia with typical "apple peel" appearance of the distal small bowel. An end-to-end anastomosis was performed smoothly after resection of both the proximal and distal small bowels. A reduction tapering antimesenteric jejunoplasty was also done. Partial parenteral nutrition had been administered for 10 days followed by enteric feeding. The postoperative course was uneventful. Her chromosomal analysis revealed a normal karyotype of 46,XX.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Taiwan Provincial Tao-Yuan General Hospital, R.O.C
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Yen SL, Chao LH, Ho MM, Hwang KC. Epidermolysis bullosa: report of one case. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1990; 31:383-7. [PMID: 2284946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of inherited skin diseases manifested as bullae formation induced by minor trauma. According to the anatomical level of skin splitting, it could be classified mainly into three types: simplex, junctional and dystrophic EB. We have a female term newborn noted to have had skin defect and ulceration over lower legs concurrent with oral mucosal ulceration and blister formation since birth. New blisters occurred over friction and pressure areas shortly after birth. The histopathologic pictures revealed dystrophic type of EB. These lesions seemed responsive to phenytoin and topical skin care, healing gradually with minimal scarring and atrophy. However, it is important to follow these patients to help alleviate complications of extracutaneous involvement which may occur during later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Yen
- Department of Pediatrics, Taiwan Provincial Tao-Yuan General Hospital, R.O.C
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Hwang KC, Wang JY, Hsieh KH. Increased erythrocyte adenosine deaminase activity in asthmatic children. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1990; 31:76-80. [PMID: 2275369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocyte adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was measured in 19 newly-diagnosed and 20 hyposensitized asthmatic children, as well as 11 age-matched normal children. ADA activity was determined by adenosine catalyzed reactions. The results showed: 1) The mean value of ADA activity was 72.9 +/- 30.4 mumole/min/unit OD541 nm in newly-diagnosed asthmatics; 52.7 +/- 37.9 mumole/min/unit OD541 nm in hyposensitized patients and 39.5 +/- 26.7 mumole/min/unit OD541 nm in normal controls; 2) there was significant elevation in erythrocyte ADA activity in newly-diagnosed asthmatic patients as compared to normal controls (P less than 0.05), but there was no difference between newly-diagnosed and hyposensitized patients (P greater than 0.05), and between hyposensitized patients and normal controls (P greater than 0.2). The mechanism and possible clinical implication of increasing erythrocyte ADA activity in newly-diagnosed asthmatic patients are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Provincial Tao-Yuan General Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Hwang KC, Hsieh KH, Chen BW, Lin KH. Immunologic and virologic status of multitransfused thalassemic patients. Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Ji Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 1990; 23:19-26. [PMID: 2168312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Viral markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), immunoglobulins and complements, T-cell subpopulation antibodies (OKT series) and mitogen responses have been investigated in 68 multitransfused thalassemic patients and in 46 age-matched children. Results showed (1) 56 patients (82.4%) had been exposed to HBV; 29 patients (42.6%) had been exposed to CMV and none were HIV infection. (2) Increased IgG, IgA, OKIal, and decreased C3, OKT3, OKT4, OKT4/OTK8 ratio showed in patients as compared to controls. (3) An apparent increase in lymphocyte proliferation was seen in patients' cultures with or without mitogen (PHA and ConA) stimulation. (4) No definite factors such as sex, age at first transfusion, number of transfusions or HBsAg carrier status correlated with the abnormal change of immunological tests. (5) Immunological investigation, done on 2 occasions six months apart, revealed no significant modifications except that 13 patients (19%) who were initially seronegative for CMV converted to seropositive. These investigations suggest that, although saline-washed RBC was used for the transfused patients, there was high prevalence of HBV and CMV infection. Further studies of lymphocyte function (i.e. lymphokines) are needed to understand the increased spontaneous proliferation in culture and PHA, ConA mitogen responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Provincial Tao-Yuan General Hospital
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Juang KC, Ho MM, Hwang KC. [Status epilepticus induced by prolonged immersion in hot herb bath: report of one case]. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1989; 30:356-60. [PMID: 2637619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A 6-year-old girl with cerebral palsy developed conscious disturbance and generalized convulsion after one-hour hot herb drug bath. Physical examination on admission revealed rectal temperature 41 degrees C, hot skin, respiration 46/min, regular heart beat 98/min, BP 130/60 mmHg, Glascow coma scale 4 (E2M1V1), soft and flat abdomen, no hepatosplenomegaly, no skin rash, no focal neurological sign, increased generalized muscle ton. Laboratory data showed CBC: WBC 20400 cumm (Neutrophils 31%, Lymphocytes 69%), Hb 11.6gm%, ESR 11 mm/hr, arterial blood gas: PH 7.077, PO2 43mmHg, PCO2 57.1mmHg, HCO3- 16 mEq/L, BE-11.5mEq/L, serum sodium 143 mEq./L, potassium 5.2 mEq/L, chloride 101 mEq/L, free calcium ion 3.8mg%, GOT 63IU/L, GPT 263 IU/L, amylase 193 IU/L, alkaline phosphatase 388 IU/L, LDH 1245 IU/L, CPK 677 IU/L, total bilirubin 0.8 mg/dl, direct type 0.1 mg/dl, BUN 18 mg/dl, Glucose 35 mg/dl. Urinalysis revealed proteinuria( ) trace hematuria and pyuria, but no cast. Lumbar puncture is within normal limits. Bacteriology including blood and CSF are normal. Multiple organ failure was noted at that time. Intensive cooling methods were performed including central and peripheral cooling. We used luminal and valium to control the seizure. Condition didn't improve. Afterwards cardiopulmonary arrest developed. Patient expired 8 hours after admission despite of resuscitation. Heat stroke in infancy and childhood is different from that in adulthood. The predisposing factors are high ambient temperature, dehydration, very young baby, sweat gland dysfunction, or ectodermal dysplasia. Definition of heat stroke includes 1) rectal temperature above 41 degrees C, 2) behavioral change, 3) warm skin, wet or dry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Cheng J, Lin KH, Hwang KC. Cyclosporin in the treatment of severe aplastic anemia: report of one case. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1989; 30:261-5. [PMID: 2637607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
According to recent reports, cyclosporin (CsA) has been proven to be a cure for some patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA). The use of CsA to treat SAA is based on both experimental and clinical evidences showing that this disease is sometimes caused by immune-mediated mechanisms. This report describes a fourteen-year-old boy who recovered from SAA after being treated with CsA, together with to a lesser extent prednisolone. In June of 1986, when he failed to improve after receiving six months of corticosteroid treatment, CsA was introduced. Following three weeks of CsA therapy no further blood transfusion was needed. Danazol was added on the 28th day of CsA therapy. On the 105th day the blood counts began to improve, and on the 375th day bone marrow aspirate revealed normal hematopoiesis. Along with these improvements, however, some side effects from the CsA treatment were observed. These included: hirsutism, hypertension and gingival hyperplasia, all of which eventually subsided on tapering and finally terminating CsA. For the time being, no side effects have been observed in the six-months period since CsA was stopped and the patient is leading a normal life.
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Hwang KC, Chuang CY. [AIDS and the oral cavity]. Zhonghua Ya Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1989; 8:1-5. [PMID: 2639731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The oral cavity is the site for a number of diseases associated with an infection of the human immunodeficiency virus. Often the oral lesions may appear before the establishment of an AIDS diagnosis; and occasionally, the diagnosis may depend solely on the oral manifestations. The most commonly reported oral infections are those caused by Candida albicans and the herpes simplex virus. Hairy leukoplakia, a newly described lesion, may also be of viral origin. Kaposi's sarcoma is the most frequently reported oral malignancy in patients with AIDS. Oral squamous cell carcinoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas have also been reported.
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Lin KH, Lee MJ, Hwang KC, Lin KS, Lee CY, Lui LT. Infections in marrow transplant recipients. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1988; 87:721-7. [PMID: 3074154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Hwang KC. [Use of peak flow meter in children with bronchial asthma]. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1988; 29:21-9. [PMID: 3272980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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