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Voss L, Huaman J, Pacioni C, Tolpinrud A, Helbig K, Carvalho TG, Firestone SM. Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii antibodies in wild deer populations in eastern Australia. Aust Vet J 2023; 101:106-114. [PMID: 36544232 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii causes significant reproduction losses in livestock and the disease Q fever in humans. Transmission of C. burnetii is facilitated by the stability of the bacterium in the environment and the susceptibility of a variety of host species to infection. Consequently, inter-species transmission occurs frequently through either direct or indirect contact. Wildlife may represent reservoirs of C. burnetii and could therefore be a source of infection for domestic animals. Understanding the prevalence of C. burnetii infections at the wildlife-livestock interface is important for disease control. This study aimed to investigate the extent of C. burnetii exposure in wild deer in eastern Australia. Serum samples were obtained from 413 wild deer from seven regions in four eastern Australian states from 2017 to 2020. Antibodies were detected using a commercial Q fever antibody kit validated for ruminants. Seroprevalence of C. burnetii antibodies in deer was determined and true prevalence estimated, for each region. The overall seroprevalence of C. burnetii antibodies in wild deer was 3.4% (14 seropositive of 413 deer sampled) with true prevalence estimated to be 4.3% (95% credible interval: 0.6%, 10.9%). Seropositive deer were identified only in Queensland (7/108 seropositive) and northern New South Wales (7/120 seropositive). This geospatial distribution is consistent with seropositivity in other animal species and indicative of the level of C. burnetii in the environment. The low seroprevalence suggests that wild deer are unlikely to be a major reservoir species for C. burnetii in eastern Australia but may still be implicated in inter-species transmission cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Voss
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Huaman
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C Pacioni
- Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - A Tolpinrud
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - K Helbig
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - T G Carvalho
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S M Firestone
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Elisofon SA, Magee JC, Ng VL, Horslen SP, Fioravanti V, Economides J, Erinjeri J, Anand R, Mazariegos GV, Martin A, Mannino D, Flynn L, Mohammad S, Alonso E, Superina R, Brandt K, Riordan M, Lokar J, Ito J, Elisofon S, Zapata L, Jain A, Foristal E, Gupta N, Whitlow C, Naik K, Espinosa H, Miethke A, Hawkins A, Hardy J, Engels E, Schreibeis A, Ovchinsky N, Kogan‐Liberman D, Cunningham R, Malik P, Sundaram S, Feldman A, Garcia B, Yanni G, Kohli R, Emamaullee J, Secules C, Magee J, Lopez J, Bilhartz J, Hollenbeck J, Shaw B, Bartow C, Forest S, Rand E, Byrne A, Linguiti I, Wann L, Seidman C, Mazariegos G, Soltys K, Squires J, Kepler A, Vitola B, Telega G, Lerret S, Desai D, Moghe J, Cutright L, Daniel J, Andrews W, Fioravanti V, Slowik V, Cisneros R, Faseler M, Hufferd M, Kelly B, Sudan D, Mavis A, Moats L, Swan‐Nesbit S, Yazigi N, Buranych A, Hobby A, Rao G, Maccaby B, Gopalareddy V, Boulware M, Ibrahim S, El Youssef M, Furuya K, Schatz A, Weckwerth J, Lovejoy C, Kasi N, Nadig S, Law M, Arnon R, Chu J, Bucuvalas J, Czurda M, Secheli B, Almy C, Haydel B, Lobritto S, Emand J, Biney‐Amissah E, Gamino D, Gomez A, Himes R, Seal J, Stewart S, Bergeron J, Truxillo A, Lebel S, Davidson H, Book L, Ramstack D, Riley A, Jennings C, Horslen S, Hsu E, Wallace K, Turmelle Y, Nadler M, Postma S, Miloh T, Economides J, Timmons K, Ng V, Subramonian A, Dharmaraj B, McDiarmid S, Feist S, Rhee S, Perito E, Gallagher L, Smith K, Ebel N, Zerofsky M, Nogueira J, Greer R, Gilmour S, Robert C, Cars C, Azzam R, Boone P, Garbarino N, Lalonde M, Kerkar N, Dokus K, Helbig K, Grizzanti M, Tomiyama K, Cocking J, Alexopoulos S, Bhave C, Schillo R, Bailey A, Dulek D, Ramsey L, Ekong U, Valentino P, Hettiarachchi D, Tomlin R. Society of pediatric liver transplantation: Current registry status 2011-2018. Pediatr Transplant 2020; 24:e13605. [PMID: 31680409 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SPLIT was founded in 1995 in order to collect comprehensive prospective data on pediatric liver transplantation, including waiting list data, transplant, and early and late outcomes. Since 2011, data collection of the current registry has been refined to focus on prospective data and outcomes only after transplant to serve as a foundation for the future development of targeted clinical studies. OBJECTIVE To report the outcomes of the SPLIT registry from 2011 to 2018. METHODS This is a multicenter, cross-sectional analysis characterizing patients transplanted and enrolled in the SPLIT registry between 2011 and 2018. All patients, <18 years of age, received a first liver-only, a combined liver-kidney, or a combined liver-pancreas transplant during this study period. RESULTS A total of 1911 recipients from 39 participating centers in North America were registered. Indications included biliary atresia (38.5%), metabolic disease (19.1%), tumors (11.7%), and fulminant liver failure (11.5%). Greater than 50% of recipients were transplanted as either Status 1A/1B or with a MELD/PELD exception score. Incompatible transplants were performed in 4.1%. Kaplan-Meier estimates of 1-year patient and graft survival were 97.3% and 96.6%. First 30 days of surgical complications included reoperation (31.7%), hepatic artery thrombosis (6.3%), and portal vein thrombosis (3.2%). In the first 90 days, biliary tract complications were reported in 13.6%. Acute cellular rejection during first year was 34.7%. At 1 and 2 years of follow-up, 39.2% and 50.6% had normal liver tests on monotherapy (tacrolimus or sirolimus). Further surgical, survival, allograft function, and complications are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Elisofon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John C Magee
- Division of Surgery, University of Michigan Transplant Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vicky L Ng
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Simon P Horslen
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Vicki Fioravanti
- Section of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | | | | | | | - George V Mazariegos
- Division of Pediatric Transplant Surgery, Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Sarker S, Das S, Helbig K, Peters A, Raidal SR. Genome sequence of an Australian strain of canid alphaherpesvirus 1. Aust Vet J 2017; 96:24-27. [PMID: 29265176 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Characterisation of a complete genome sequence of an Australian strain of canid alphaherpesvirus 1 (CHV-1) and its phylogenetic relationship with other varicellovirus species. METHODS Standard pathology and PCR methods were used to initially detect herpesvirus in hepatic tissue from an infected 4-week-old Labrador Retriever puppy. The complete CHV-1 genome was sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology followed by de novo and reference assembly, and genome annotation. RESULTS The CHV-1 genome was 125 kbp in length and contained 74 predicted open reading frames encoding functional proteins, all of which have counterparts in other alphaherpesviruses. Phylogenetic analysis using the DNA polymerase gene revealed that the newly sequenced CHV-1 clustered with canid alphaherpesvirus isolated from the UK and shared a 99% overall nucleotide sequence similarity. CONCLUSION This is the first complete genome of an Australian strain of CHV-1, which will contribute to our understanding of the genetics and evolution of herpesvirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sarker
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - S Das
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K Helbig
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - A Peters
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S R Raidal
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
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Helbig K, Harris R, Ayres J, Dunckley H, Lloyd A, Robson J, Marmion BP. Immune response genes in the post-Q-fever fatigue syndrome, Q fever endocarditis and uncomplicated acute primary Q fever. QJM 2005; 98:565-74. [PMID: 15955794 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hci086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of immune response gene variations on the development of chronic complications of Q fever is presently unclear. AIM To compare the frequencies of allelic polymorphisms in immune response genes in different Q fever patient groups. DESIGN Genetic association study. METHODS We measured the frequencies of immune response gene variants in: (i) an expanded group of 31 post-Q-fever fatigue patients (QFS); (ii) 22 Q fever endocarditis patients (QFE); and (iii) 22 patients who made an uncomplicated recovery from their initial attack of primary acute Q fever, comparing them with various standard control panels from the general population. RESULTS There were significant differences between the three Q fever groups. QFS patients differed from both QFE and uncomplicated patients and controls in the frequency of carriage of HLA-DRB1*11 and of the 2/2 genotype of the interferon-gamma intron1 microsatellite. Carriage of the HLA DRB1*11 allele was associated with reduced interferon-gamma and IL-2 responses from PBMC stimulated with ligand in short-term culture. QFE showed differences in the IL-10 promoter microsatellites R and G and had higher frequencies of the TNF-alpha receptor II 196R polymorphism. Q fever patients who had made an uncomplicated recovery differed from those with QFS or QFE, but were not significantly different in allelic frequencies to the control panels. DISCUSSION These immunogenetic differences support the concept of different immune states in chronic Q fever, determined by genetic variations in host immune responses, rather than by solely properties of Coxiella burnetii.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Helbig
- Q fever Research Group IMVS and Hanson Institute, Adelaide, Australia
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