1
|
Sirima C, Bizet C, Hamou H, Červená B, Lemarcis T, Esteban A, Peeters M, Mpoudi Ngole E, Mombo IM, Liégeois F, Petrželková KJ, Boussinesq M, Locatelli S. Soil-transmitted helminth infections in free-ranging non-human primates from Cameroon and Gabon. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:354. [PMID: 34225777 PMCID: PMC8259424 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04855-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zoonotic diseases are a serious threat to both public health and animal conservation. Most non-human primates (NHP) are facing the threat of forest loss and fragmentation and are increasingly living in closer spatial proximity to humans. Humans are infected with soil-transmitted helminths (STH) at a high prevalence, and bidirectional infection with NHP has been observed. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, genetic diversity, distribution and presence of co-infections of STH in free-ranging gorillas, chimpanzees and other NHP species, and to determine the potential role of these NHP as reservoir hosts contributing to the environmental sustenance of zoonotic nematode infections in forested areas of Cameroon and Gabon. METHODS A total of 315 faecal samples from six species of NHPs were analysed. We performed PCR amplification, sequencing and maximum likelihood analysis of DNA fragments of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) nuclear ribosomal DNA to detect the presence and determine the genetic diversity of Oesophagostomum spp., Necator spp. and Trichuris spp., and of targeted DNA fragments of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) to detect the presence of Ascaris spp. RESULTS Necator spp. infections were most common in gorillas (35 of 65 individuals), but also present in chimpanzees (100 of 222 individuals) and in one of four samples from greater spot-nosed monkeys. These clustered with previously described type II and III Necator spp. Gorillas were also the most infected NHP with Oesophagostomum (51/65 individuals), followed by chimpanzees (157/222 individuals), mandrills (8/12 samples) and mangabeys (7/12 samples), with O. stephanostomum being the most prevalent species. Oesophagostomum bifurcum was detected in chimpanzees and a red-capped mangabey, and a non-classified Oesophagostomum species was detected in a mandrill and a red-capped mangabey. In addition, Ternidens deminutus was detected in samples from one chimpanzee and three greater spot-nosed monkeys. A significant relative overabundance of co-infections with Necator and Oesophagostomum was observed in chimpanzees and gorillas. Trichuris sp. was detected at low prevalence in a gorilla, a chimpanzee and a greater spot-nosed monkey. No Ascaris was observed in any of the samples analysed. CONCLUSIONS Our results on STH prevalence and genetic diversity in NHP from Cameroon and Gabon corroborate those obtained from other wild NHP populations in other African countries. Future research should focus on better identifying, at a molecular level, the species of Necator and Oesophagostomum infecting NHP and determining how human populations may be affected by increased proximity resulting from encroachment into sylvatic STH reservoir habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Sirima
- Institut de Recherche Pour Le Développement (IRD), UMI 233-TransVIHMI-INSERM U1175–University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C. Bizet
- Institut de Recherche Pour Le Développement (IRD), UMI 233-TransVIHMI-INSERM U1175–University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - H. Hamou
- Institut de Recherche Pour Le Développement (IRD), UMI 233-TransVIHMI-INSERM U1175–University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - B. Červená
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - T. Lemarcis
- Institut de Recherche Pour Le Développement (IRD), UMI 233-TransVIHMI-INSERM U1175–University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - A. Esteban
- Institut de Recherche Pour Le Développement (IRD), UMI 233-TransVIHMI-INSERM U1175–University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - M. Peeters
- Institut de Recherche Pour Le Développement (IRD), UMI 233-TransVIHMI-INSERM U1175–University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - E. Mpoudi Ngole
- Projet Prévention du Sida Au Cameroun (PRESICA) and Virology Laboratory IMPM/IRD, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - I. M. Mombo
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, BP 769, Franceville, Gabon
| | - F. Liégeois
- Present Address: Institut de Recherche Pour Le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses Et Vecteurs : Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), IRD 224-CNRS 5290–University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - K. J. Petrželková
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - M. Boussinesq
- Institut de Recherche Pour Le Développement (IRD), UMI 233-TransVIHMI-INSERM U1175–University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - S. Locatelli
- Institut de Recherche Pour Le Développement (IRD), UMI 233-TransVIHMI-INSERM U1175–University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Present Address: Institut de Recherche Pour Le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses Et Vecteurs : Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), IRD 224-CNRS 5290–University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Růžicová M, Petrželková KJ, Kalousová B, Modrý D, Pomajbíková K. Validation of Flotac for the Detection and Quantification ofTroglodytella abrassartiandNeobalantidium coliin Chimpanzees and Pigs. J Parasitol 2014; 100:662-70. [DOI: 10.1645/14-505.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
3
|
Profousová I, Mihaliková K, Laho T, Váradyová Z, Petrželková KJ, Modrý D, Kišidayová S. The ciliate, Troglodytella abrassarti, contributes to polysaccharide hydrolytic activities in the chimpanzee colon. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2011; 56:339-43. [PMID: 21818613 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-011-0053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Entodiniomorphid ciliates are intestinal protists inhabiting the colons of African great apes. The participation of intestinal entodiniomorphid ciliates in ape hindgut digestion has been proposed, but little data have been available to support the hypothesis. We measured the specific activities of carboxymethyl cellulase, xylanase, inulinase, and α-amylase against different polysaccharides in the feces of captive chimpanzees and evaluated the participation of the entodiniomorphid ciliate, Troglodytella abrassarti, in these activities. T. abrassarti contributed to the total fecal hydrolytic activities of CM-cellulase by 16.2%, α-amylase by 5.95%, and xylanase by 0.66%. Inulinase activity in T. abrassarti samples was not measurable at reaction conditions used. The ciliates, T. abrassarti, actively participate in the chimpanzee hindgut fermentation of fiber and starch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Profousová
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1-3, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|