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Romão P, Souza ÍDC, Silva I, Guimarães VR, Camargo JAD, Dos Santos GA, Viana NI, Srougi M, Leite KRM, Reis ST, Pimenta R. Additional activation of the AR gene may be involved in the development of the castration resistance phenotype in prostate cancer. Actas Urol Esp 2022; 46:78-84. [PMID: 35123885 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have already shown that changes in the AR gene may be associated with a more aggressive disease phenotype and even castration-resistant prostate cancer. Thus, we investigated cytogenetic and molecular alterations linked to AR. MATERIALS AND METHODS To evaluate AR methylation, we performed a cytogenetic-molecular analysis using fluorescence in situ hybridization that uses specific probes for the AR gene (Xq11.12) and the X chromosome centromere. For AR activity, we performed a qualitative analysis of human androgen receptor activity. To analyze the expression of AR in PC3 and LNCaP cell lines, we used qPCR assays. RESULTS In the qPCR assay, we found downregulation of AR in the PC3 cell line compared with the LNCaP. We found the presence of X chromosome polysomy in PC-3 and LNCaP cell lines by FISH assay. In the HUMARA-Q assay, we found two X chromosomes/cell and the activity of both AR in the PC-3 cell line. In LNCaP cells, we found two X chromosomes/cell and methylation of only one AR. CONCLUSION Castration-resistant prostate cancer phenotype represents a significant challenge in the setting of urological management. The X chromosomes and AR-linked alterations may contribute to a better understanding of the disease. However, further studies should be performed in an attempt to elucidate as much as possible the role of AR in the castration-resistant prostate cancer phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Romão
- University of Sao Paulo City, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - I Silva
- Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - V R Guimarães
- Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Alves de Camargo
- Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - G A Dos Santos
- Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - N I Viana
- Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Srougi
- Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - K R Moreira Leite
- Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Genoa Biotechonology, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - S T Reis
- Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Pimenta
- Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Costa ET, Barnabé GF, Li M, Dias AAM, Machado TR, Asprino PF, Cavalher FP, Ferreira EN, Del Mar Inda M, Nagai MH, Malnic B, Duarte ML, Leite KRM, de Barros ACSD, Carraro DM, Chammas R, Armelin HA, Cavenee W, Furnari F, Camargo AA. Intratumoral heterogeneity of ADAM23 promotes tumor growth and metastasis through LGI4 and nitric oxide signals. Oncogene 2014; 34:1270-9. [PMID: 24662834 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) represents an obstacle for cancer diagnosis and treatment, but little is known about its functional role in cancer progression. The A Desintegrin And Metalloproteinase 23 (ADAM23) gene is epigenetically silenced in different types of tumors, and silencing is often associated with advanced disease and metastasis. Here, we show that invasive breast tumors exhibit significant ADAM23-ITH and that this heterogeneity is critical for tumor growth and metastasis. We demonstrate that while loss of ADAM23 expression enhances invasion, it causes a severe proliferative deficiency and is not itself sufficient to trigger metastasis. Rather, we observed that, in ADAM23-heterotypic environments, ADAM23-negative cells promote tumor growth and metastasis by enhancing the proliferation and invasion of adjacent A23-positive cells through the production of LGI4 (Leucine-rich Glioma Inactivated 4) and nitric oxide (NO). Ablation of LGI4 and NO in A23-negative cells significantly attenuates A23-positive cell proliferation and invasion. Our work denotes a driving role of ADAM23-ITH during disease progression, shifting the malignant phenotype from the cellular to the tissue level. Our findings also provide insights for therapeutic intervention, enforcing the need to ascertain ITH to improve cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Costa
- 1] Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil [2] Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (LICR), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G F Barnabé
- 1] Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil [2] Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (LICR), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Li
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (LICR), University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - A A M Dias
- Departamento de Biologia Geral (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - T R Machado
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (LICR), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P F Asprino
- 1] Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil [2] Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (LICR), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F P Cavalher
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (LICR), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E N Ferreira
- Centro Internacional de Pesquisa, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Del Mar Inda
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (LICR), University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - M H Nagai
- Departamento de Bioquímica (IQ), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B Malnic
- Departamento de Bioquímica (IQ), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M L Duarte
- 1] Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil [2] Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (LICR), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K R M Leite
- Departamento de Urologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C S D de Barros
- Departamento de Mastologia, Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D M Carraro
- Centro Internacional de Pesquisa, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Chammas
- Departamento de Urologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H A Armelin
- 1] Departamento de Bioquímica (IQ), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil [2] Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - W Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (LICR), University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - F Furnari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (LICR), University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - A A Camargo
- 1] Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil [2] Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (LICR), São Paulo, Brazil
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Nunes RLV, Bruschini H, Utsunomia K, Silveira MA, Teodoro WR, Leite KRM, Srougi M. Influence of a hypercholesterolemic diet on the collagen composition of the bladder wall extracellular matrix in rats. Histol Histopathol 2012; 27:745-52. [PMID: 22473695 DOI: 10.14670/hh-27.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of hypercholesterolemic diet on the collagen composition of urinary bladder wall. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five female 4-week-old Wistar rats were divided into three groups: 1) control group fed a normal diet (ND); 2) model of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) group fed a ND; and 3) group fed a HCD (1.25% cholesterol). Total serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and body weight were assessed at baseline. Four weeks later, group 2 underwent a surgical procedure resulting in a partial BOO, while groups 1 and 3 underwent a sham similar surgical procedure. Six weeks later, all animals had their bladders removed; serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels and body weights were measured. Morphological and morphometric analysis was performed by Picrosirius staining and collagen types I and III were identified by immunofluorescence. Statistical analysis was completed and significance was considered when p<0.05. RESULTS Rats fed an HCD exhibited a significant increase in LDL cholesterol levels (p<0.001) and body weight (p=0.017), when compared to the groups fed a ND during the ten-week study period. Moreover, the HCD induced morphological alterations of the bladder wall collagen, regarding thin collagen fibers and the amounts of type III collagen when compared to the control group (p=0.002 and p=0.016, respectively), resembling the process promoted in the BOO model. CONCLUSIONS A hyper-cholesterolemic diet in Wistar rats promoted morphological changes of the bladder types of collagen, as well as increases in body weight and LDL cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L V Nunes
- Division of Urology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Duarte MC, Babeto E, Leite KRM, Miyazaki K, Borim AA, Rahal P, Silva AE. Expression of TERT in precancerous gastric lesions compared to gastric cancer. Braz J Med Biol Res 2010; 44:100-4. [PMID: 21180888 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the levels of TERT mRNA and TERT protein expression in stomach precancerous lesions such as intestinal metaplasia (IM) and gastric ulcer (GU) and compare them to gastric cancer (GC). Real-time PCR was performed to detect TERT mRNA expression levels in 35 biopsies of IM, 30 of GU, and 22 of GC and their respective normal mucosas. TERT protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in 68 samples, 34 of IM, 23 of GU, and 11 of GC. Increased TERT mRNA expression levels were observed in a significant number of cases, i.e., 46% of IM, 50% of GU, and 79% of GC. The relative mean level of TERT mRNA after normalization with the β-actin reference gene and comparison with the respective adjacent normal mucosa was slightly increased in the IM and GU groups, 2.008 ± 2.605 and 2.730 ± 4.120, respectively, but high TERT mRNA expression was observed in the GC group (17.271 ± 33.852). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the three groups. TERT protein-positive immunostaining was observed in 38% of IM, 39% of GU, and 55% of GC. No association of TERT mRNA and protein expression with Helicobacter pylori infection or other clinicopathological variables was demonstrable, except for the incomplete type vs the complete type of IM. This study confirms previous data of the high expression of both TERT mRNA and protein in gastric cancer and also demonstrates this type of changed expression in IM and GU, thus suggesting that TERT expression may be deregulated in precursor lesions that participate in the early stages of gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Duarte
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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Moreira Leite KR, de Araujo VC, Rezende Meirelles MI, Lopes Costa AD, Camara-Lopes LH. No relationship between proliferative activity and the MACIS prognostic scoring system in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Head Neck 1999; 21:602-5. [PMID: 10487946 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0347(199910)21:7<602::aid-hed3>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The MACIS score uses metastasis, age, completeness of resection, local invasion, and tumor size to stratify patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) into four groups with different survival. METHODS Immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was done in 43 cases of PTC. Relationships between proliferative index (percentage of cells that were PCNA positive) and the MACIS parameters were examined. Double staining for PCNA and for silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs, indicating proliferation) was performed in 10 cases. RESULTS PCNA was detected only in tumor cells. The proliferative index was low (mean, 14.2%; median, 13.0%), did not differ between MACIS groups (p = 0.56), and showed no association with individual MACIS parameters. PCNA immunostaining correlated with AgNOR staining. The mean AgNOR count was 2.28 in PCNA-positive cells and 1.85 in PCNA-negative cells (p </= 0.002). CONCLUSIONS PCNA immunostaining indicates proliferative activity in PTC. It is independent of the MACIS score and its parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Moreira Leite
- Laboratory of Molecular and Surgical Pathology, Sirio Libanes Hospital, Rua Adma Jafet, 91, 01308-050, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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