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Anraku Y, Kuwahara H, Fukusato Y, Mizoguchi A, Ishii T, Nitta K, Matsumoto Y, Toh K, Miyata K, Uchida S, Nishina K, Osada K, Itaka K, Nishiyama N, Mizusawa H, Yamasoba T, Yokota T, Kataoka K. Glycaemic control boosts glucosylated nanocarrier crossing the BBB into the brain. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1001. [PMID: 29042554 PMCID: PMC5645389 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00952-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, nanocarriers that transport bioactive substances to a target site in the body have attracted considerable attention and undergone rapid progression in terms of the state of the art. However, few nanocarriers can enter the brain via a systemic route through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to efficiently reach neurons. Here we prepare a self-assembled supramolecular nanocarrier with a surface featuring properly configured glucose. The BBB crossing and brain accumulation of this nanocarrier are boosted by the rapid glycaemic increase after fasting and by the putative phenomenon of the highly expressed glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) in brain capillary endothelial cells migrating from the luminal to the abluminal plasma membrane. The precisely controlled glucose density on the surface of the nanocarrier enables the regulation of its distribution within the brain, and thus is successfully optimized to increase the number of nanocarriers accumulating in neurons.There are only a few examples of nanocarriers that can transport bioactive substances across the blood-brain barrier. Here the authors show that by rapid glycaemic increase the accumulation of a glucosylated nanocarrier in the brain can be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Anraku
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - H Kuwahara
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.,Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Y Fukusato
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - A Mizoguchi
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Ishii
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - K Nitta
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.,Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Y Matsumoto
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Toh
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan
| | - K Miyata
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - S Uchida
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Nishina
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.,Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - K Osada
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - K Itaka
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - N Nishiyama
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-11, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - H Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.,Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - T Yamasoba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Yokota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan. .,Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| | - K Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan. .,Policy Alternatives Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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Toh K, Shikama T, Nagata S, Tsuchiya B, Kakuta T, Hoshiya T, Ishihara M. Search for Radioluminescent Materials Working at Elevated Temperature. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst03-a381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Toh
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan
| | - T. Shikama
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan
| | - S. Nagata
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan
| | - B. Tsuchiya
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan
| | - T. Kakuta
- Tokai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Research Institute, Tokai, 319-1195 Japan
| | - T. Hoshiya
- Oarai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Research Institute, Oarai, 311-1394 Japan
| | - M. Ishihara
- Oarai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Research Institute, Oarai, 311-1394 Japan
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Tsuchiya B, Nagata S, Toh K, Shikama T, Yamauchi M, Nishitani T. Radiation Damage of Proton Conductive Ceramics Under 14 MeV Fast Neutron Irradiation. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst05-a800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Tsuchiya
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University: 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and
| | - S. Nagata
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University: 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and
| | - K. Toh
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University: 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and
| | - T. Shikama
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University: 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and
| | - M. Yamauchi
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai Research Establishment: Facility of Fast Neutron Source, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan, and
| | - T. Nishitani
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai Research Establishment: Facility of Fast Neutron Source, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan, and
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Nakamura T, Katagiri M, Tsutsui N, Toh K, Rhodes NJ, Schooneveld EM, Ooguri H, Noguchi Y, Sakasai K, Soyama K. Development of a ZnS/10B2O3 scintillator with low-afterglow phosphor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/528/1/012043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Quader S, Cabral H, Mochida Y, Ishii T, Liu X, Toh K, Kinoh H, Miura Y, Nishiyama N, Kataoka K. Selective intracellular delivery of proteasome inhibitors through pH-sensitive polymeric micelles directed to efficient antitumor therapy. J Control Release 2014; 188:67-77. [PMID: 24892974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system is central in the regulation of cellular proteins controlling cell cycle progression and apoptosis, drawing much interest for developing effective targeted cancer therapies. Herein, we developed a novel pH-responsive polymeric-micelle-based carrier system to effectively deliver the proteasome inhibitor MG132 into cancer cells. MG132 is covalently bound to the block copolymer composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyaspartate through an acid-labile hydrazone bond. This bond is stable at physiological condition, but hydrolytically degradable in acidic compartments in the cell, such as late-endosomes and lysosomes, and thus, it was used for controlled release of MG132 after EPR-mediated preferential accumulation of the micelles into the tumor. MG132-loaded micelles have monodispersed size distribution with an average diameter of 45nm, and critical micelle concentration is well below 10(-7)M. In vitro studies against several cancer cell lines confirmed that MG132-loaded micelles retained the cytotoxic effect, and this activity was indeed due to the inhibition of proteasome by released MG132 from the micelles. Real-time in vitro confocal-microscopy experiments clearly indicated that MG132-conjugated micelles disintegrated only inside the target cells. By intravital confocal micro-videography, we also confirmed the prolonged circulation of MG132 loaded micelles in the bloodstream, which lead to tumor specific accumulation of micelles, as confirmed by in vivo imaging 24h after injection. These micelles showed significantly lower in vivo toxicity than free MG132, while achieving remarkable antitumor effect against a subcutaneous HeLa-luc tumor model. Our findings create a paradigm for future development of polymeric-micelle-based carrier system for other peptide aldehyde type proteasome inhibitors to make them effective cohort of the existing cancer therapeutic regiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Quader
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - H Cabral
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Y Mochida
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - T Ishii
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - X Liu
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Toh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - H Kinoh
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Y Miura
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - N Nishiyama
- Polymer Chemistry Division, Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-11, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - K Kataoka
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Department of Bio-Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Taj S, Toh K, Stoyanov N, Kumar M, Rankin J. Use of CT Coronary Angiography for Intermediate Risk Chest Pain and Correlation with Catheter Angiography. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Tan Y, Toh K. UP-1.184: Tolterodine Improves the Compliance and Cystometric Capacity of Adult Neurogenic Bladders in Spinal Cord Injury Patients. Urology 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.07.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Tan B, Toh K. UP-1.014: Spontaneous Bleeding from Renal Angiomyolipoma Presenting with Haemoperitoneum. Urology 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.07.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Shikama T, Yano T, Ukai J, Onose S, Itoh M, Zinkle SJ, Snead LL, Maruyama T, Nagata S, Tsuchiya B, Toh K. Gas Nuclear Transmutation Effects in Aluminum Nitride. Fusion Science and Technology 2003. [DOI: 10.13182/fst03-a385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Shikama
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan, Tel. +81-22-215-2060
| | - T. Yano
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguroku, Tokyo, 152-8550 Japan
| | - J. Ukai
- Japan Institute of Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Oarai, Ibaraki, 311-1394 Japan
| | - S. Onose
- Japan Institute of Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Oarai, Ibaraki, 311-1394 Japan
| | - M. Itoh
- Japan Institute of Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Oarai, Ibaraki, 311-1394 Japan
| | - S. J. Zinkle
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, 37831-6138 USA
| | - L. L. Snead
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, 37831-6138 USA
| | - T. Maruyama
- The Wakasawan Energy Research Center, Tsuruga, 914-0192 Japan
| | - S. Nagata
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan
| | - B. Tsuchiya
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan
| | - K. Toh
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan
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Abstract
This study determined the soft tissue attachment strength and extent of ingrowth to a porous tantalum biomaterial. Eight dorsal subcutaneous implants (in two dogs) were evaluated at 4, 8, and 16 weeks. Upon retrieval, all implants were surrounded completely by adherent soft tissue. Implants were harvested with a tissue flap on the cutaneous aspect and peel tested in a servo-hydraulic tensile test machine at a rate of 5 mm/min. Following testing, implants were dehydrated in a solution of basic fuschin, defatted, embedded in methylmethacrylate, and processed for thin-section histology. At 4, 8, and 16 weeks, the attachment strength to porous tantalum was 61, 71, and 89 g/mm respectively. Histologic analysis showed complete tissue ingrowth throughout the porous tantalum implant. Blood vessels were visible at the interface of and within the porous tantalum material. Tissue maturity and vascularity increased with time. The tissue attachment strength to porous tantalum was three- to six-fold greater than was reported in a similar study with porous beads. This study demonstrated that porous tantalum permits rapid ingrowth of vascularized soft tissue, and attains soft tissue attachment strengths greater than with porous beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Hacking
- Jo Miller Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, LS1-409, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1A4.
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Abstract
Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin. This study was designed to examine whether A218C polymorphism, which has been identified in intron 7 of the TPH gene, may be associated with schizophrenia or the suicidal behavior of schizophrenics in the Korean population. TPH genotypes were determined in DNA samples from 217 schizophrenics and 236 healthy volunteers. Among the schizophrenic group, 27 patients had a history of suicidal behavior. Genomic DNA was amplified by a polymerase-chain-reaction-based method and restricted by Nhel. A218C polymorphism was associated with a history of suicidal behavior in schizophrenics. This finding suggests that the TPH gene or a gene in its vicinity may influence suicidal behavior in schizophrenics. However, genotypic and allelic distrubutions of this polymorphism did not significantly differ between schizophrenics and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Paik
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Toh K, Fawcett WJ, Parker MJ, Buggy D, Fitzpatrick G, Singer M, Sinclair S. Intravascular volume optimisation during repair of proximal femoral fracture. West J Med 1998. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.316.7137.1089a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Lin JA, Cheng MC, Inoshima Y, Tomonaga K, Miyazawa T, Tohya Y, Toh K, Lu YS, Mikami T. Seroepidemiological survey of feline retrovirus infections in cats in Taiwan in 1993 and 1994. J Vet Med Sci 1995; 57:161-3. [PMID: 7756412 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.57.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the prevalence of infections with three feline retroviruses feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline syncytial virus (FSV) in Taiwan, we collected a total of 75 blood samples from cats from veterinary hospitals, a breeding cattery and a homeless shelter in 1993 and 1994. We examined the presences of anti-FIV and FSV antibodies and FeLV-p27 antigen in these samples by the indirect immunofluorescence and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. All of the serum samples positive for FIV were obtained from homeless cats and the overall FIV positive rate was 4%. The overall positive rates of FSV and FeLV were 28% and 1.3%, respectively. From these results, together with previous seroepidemiological surveys by others, it was revealed that the prevalence of FIV and FeLV infections appeared to be lower in Taiwan than in the United States or Japan. In contrast, the prevalence of FSV infection in Taiwan was as high as that in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Yamada H, Toh K, Saku M. [Clinical application of the subrenal capsule assay (SRCA) and related problems]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1987; 14:2450-7. [PMID: 3619458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Subrenal capsule assay was performed on 35 fresh cancer tissue samples (13 stomach, 7 colon, 8 breast and 7 others) against MMC, 5-FU, ADM, CPA, MTX and cDDP employing normal immunocompetent ddY mice following Bogden's original method. Evaluability was 86% (30/35). Sensitivity was between 32 and 46% for each of the drugs except cDDP. Some organ-specific variations were noted between gastro-colic cancers and breast cancers with regard to chemosensitivity spectrum and also individual cases of the same histological type did not show a uniform one. Gastric cancer had the highest activity. The assay/clinical correlations were evaluable in 10 cases where 6 cases on active agents achieved two PR, two NC and PD, while all 4 cases on non-active agents showed PD. Histological analysis of implants, however, disclosed the following inherent problems: First, there was heterogeneity in tissue fragments due to the variable amounts of stroma; Second, apparent host reactions were seen in the untreated groups on the 6th day, accompanying marked damage to cancer cells. In contrast, in drug-treated groups, host reactions in most of them were suppressed and cancer cells were seen frequently in considerable amounts. This fact implies the mechanism that SRCA is based on, in spite of the xenograft immune; Third, there was some discordance between the macroscopic and microscopic findings. SRCA is assumed to be appliable to individual clinical cases up to a certain level which should be determined by histological analysis as well as by accumulation of clinically correlated cases.
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Toh K, Yamamoto N, Kikuchi K. Modulation of cell growth by isolated Kupffer cells. J Reticuloendothel Soc 1981; 29:265-74. [PMID: 7218234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Toh K, Yamamoto N, Suzuki T, Kikuchi K. Effect of concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide on the cytotoxicity of macrophages and neutrophils. J Reticuloendothel Soc 1979; 26:273-82. [PMID: 501710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Sato N, Yabuki Y, Toh K, Ishii Y, Kikuchi K. Separation of cell-dependent antibody (CDA) and inhibitory antibody by protein-A affinity chromatography and the effect of fractions on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Immunology 1979; 36:421-6. [PMID: 437836 PMCID: PMC1457564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of cell-dependent antibody (CDA) and the mechanism of inhibition of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) were studied in the ADCC assay system in which culture cells of methylcholanthrene-induced rat fibrosarcoma (KMT-50) were used as target cells, xenogeneic antiserum (rabbit anti-KMT-50) as the CDA, and human peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) as effector cells, respectively. By using protein-A Sepharose CL-4B affinity column chromatography of rabbit anti-KMT-50 serum, CDA was shown to bind protein A. Complement dependent-cytotoxicity (CDC), however, was demonstrated in both the adsorbed fraction (eluate) and the non-adsorbed fraction (effluent) to protein A from the same affinity column chromatography. These data confirmed that CDA was IgG with an intact Fc portion. Inhibition of ADCC occurred by pretreatment of effector cells with rabbit anti-effector (human PBL) serum even with extremely small amounts of antiserum. Such inhibition was demonstrated with the eluate but not with the effluent from protein-A Sepharose CL-4B affinity column chromatography of rabbit anti-effector serum. F(ab')2 fragments of the same eluate (IgG) did not inhibit the ADCC activity. These data showed that the inhibition of ADCC was induced by the blocking of Fc receptors of effector cells with the Fc portions of IgG in anti-effector serum. The data obtained indicate the usefulness of protein A in separation and analysis of CDA and in investigation of the inhibitory mechanisms of ADCC.
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Toh K, Sato N, Kikuchi K. Effect of concanavalin A on the cytotoxicity of rat peritoneal macrophages. J Reticuloendothel Soc 1979; 25:17-28. [PMID: 430468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Toh K. Analysis of macrophage factor inhibiting cellular DNA synthesis employing column chromatography. J Reticuloendothel Soc 1978; 23:427-34. [PMID: 702468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
The DNA synthesis in syngeneic, allogeneic and xenogeneic cells was inhibited by peritoneal macrophages of normal WKA rats. This inhibitory effect of macrophages was found to be mediated by a soluble factor (MfID) released into a culture medium from macrophages which was heat-stable and non-dialyzable. The MfID was also responsible for the inhibtion of lymphocyte DNA synthesis by MLC reaction. The action of MfID was indicated to suppress rather than to kill cell growth. It was interpreted that the inhibitory effect of macrophages on cellular DNA synthesis is their inherent property and macrophages may play the role of regulating the proliferation of lymphocytes and other cells.
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Abstract
The cytotoxic reaction of effector cells on target cells was performed on cover slips which were set in a petri dish so as to be interposed from the dish surface through the bases of the slide glasses. After incubation, the target cells remaining on the cover slips were pulse-labeled with 3H-TdR for 45 min. Subsequently, the cover slips were removed from the bases, and dipped in cold 5% TCA to be freed from non-incorporated isotopes. The residual target cells adhering on the cover slips were counted without being removed. By this assay system, the specific or non-specific cytotoxicity of lymphocytes or macrophages was easily demonstrated with reliability.
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Ishii Y, Yamaoka H, Toh K, Kikuchi K. Inhibition of tumor growth in vivo and in vitro by macrophages from rats treated with a streptococcal preparation, OK-432. Gan 1976; 67:115-9. [PMID: 773733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The role of macrophages from rats treated with a streptococcal preparation (OK-432) for inhibition of syngeneic tumor growth was examined both in vivo and in vitro. Treatment of rats with OK-432 intraperitoneally resulted in a transient inhibition of ascites tumor growth and concomitant increase in survival time. Peritoneal exudate cells from these rats completely suppressed tumor growth when admixed with tumor cells and transferred subcutaneously to syngeneic recipient rats. No such effect was observed with tumor cells from saline-treated control rats. The macrophages were responsible for the neutralization of tumor growth, since the removal of adherent cells from peritoneal exudate cells of rats treated with OK-432 resulted in the abrogation of their antitumor activity. To further investigate the antitumor activity of macrophages, an in vitro cytotoxicity assay was carried out on several tumor cell lines. A complete target cell destruction was brought about by macrophages from the rats treated with OK-432 but not from the control animals. The tumor cytotoxicity mediated by macrophages activated with OK-432 was regarded as non-specific because they could damage all the target cell lines tested.
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Imamura M, Matsuyama T, Toh K, Okuyama T. Electron microscopic study on acute thymic involution induced by polyoma virus infection. J Natl Cancer Inst 1971; 47:289-99. [PMID: 4326933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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