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Chan CM, Tse H, Wong SSY, Woo PCY, Lau SKP, Chen L, Zheng BJ, Huang JD, Yuen KY. Corrigendum to "Examination of seroprevalence of coronavirus HKU1 infection with S protein-based ELISA and neutralization assay against viral spike pseudotyped virus" Journal of Clinical Virology 45 (2009) 54-60. J Clin Virol 2022; 157:105295. [PMID: 36307272 PMCID: PMC9597574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C M Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Hong Kong; Research Center of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - Herman Tse
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Hong Kong; Research Center of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - S S Y Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Hong Kong; Research Center of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - P C Y Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Hong Kong; Research Center of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - S K P Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Hong Kong; Research Center of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - L Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - B J Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Hong Kong; Research Center of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - J D Huang
- Research Center of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - K Y Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Hong Kong; Research Center of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China.
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2
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Chua GT, Wong JSC, Chung J, Lam I, Kwong J, Leung K, Law CY, Lam CW, Kwok J, Chu PWK, Au EYL, Lam CK, Mak D, Fong NC, Leung D, Wong WHS, Ho MHK, Tsao SSL, Wong CS, Yam JC, Tso WWY, To KKW, Tam PKH, Chan GCF, Leung WH, Yuen KY, Novelli V, Klein N, Levin M, Whitaker E, Lau YL, Ip P, Kwan MYW. Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2: a case report. Hong Kong Med J 2022; 28:76-78. [DOI: 10.12809/hkmj219689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert T Chua
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joshua SC Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Jaime Chung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Ivan Lam
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Joyce Kwong
- Haematology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Kate Leung
- Haematology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - CY Law
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - CW Lam
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Janette Kwok
- Division of Transplantation and Immunogenetics, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick WK Chu
- Division of Transplantation and Immunogenetics, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Elaine YL Au
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Crystal K Lam
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel Mak
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - NC Fong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel Leung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wilfred HS Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Marco HK Ho
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sabrina SL Tsao
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Christina S Wong
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Jason C Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Winnie WY Tso
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kelvin KW To
- Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Paul KH Tam
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Dr Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong–Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Godfrey CF Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - WH Leung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - KY Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Vas Novelli
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Klein
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Levin
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Whitaker
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - YL Lau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mike YW Kwan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
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3
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Fletcher JR, Yuen KY, Stewart AJ, Young AC, Gibson JS, James OA, Medina-Torres CE, Forde BM, Sole-Guitart A. Successful treatment of a chronic oroantral fistula infected with extensively drug resistant bacteria using long-term oesophageal tube feeding and several non-conventional treatments in a horse. Aust Vet J 2021; 100:107-113. [PMID: 34859426 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic oroantral fistulae (OAF) with secondary sinusitis can occur following repulsion of cheek teeth in horses. CASE REPORT An 8-year-old Andalusian cross gelding presented with an iatrogenic clinical crown fracture of tooth 209, which underwent repulsion of its apical portion (day 0). The horse was treated with intramuscular penicillin and intravenous gentamicin (5 days), followed by oral trimethoprim-sulphonamide (10 days) and then oral doxycycline (14 days). The acute iatrogenic OAF created during the initial repulsion persisted; a chronic OAF was identified on day 24. On day 48, septic sinusitis with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli was confirmed. Although susceptible to enrofloxacin in vitro, 30 days of therapy was unsuccessful. Subsequent serial cultures grew multiple MDR and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) gram-negative microorganisms. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) revealed multiple sequence types of E. coli, with a range of resistance and virulence genes. The orientation of the OAF, regional osteomyelitis and septic sinusitis were confirmed with computed tomography on day 70. On day 74, enteral nutrition was provided through a cervical oesophagostomy tube for 3 months for prevention of oral feed contamination. The OAF was treated with various alternative therapeutics, including apple cider vinegar, propolis and amikacin impregnated products, until resolution on day 116. CONCLUSION These non-conventional therapeutics, antimicrobials and long-term oesophagostomy contributed to the successful treatment of a complicated OAF. In the future, WGS may be useful to inform antimicrobial selection when MDR or XDR organisms are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Fletcher
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia
| | - K Y Yuen
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia
| | - A J Stewart
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia
| | - A C Young
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia
| | - J S Gibson
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia
| | - O A James
- Australian Veterinary Equine Dentistry, Clayfield, Queensland, 4011, Australia
| | - C E Medina-Torres
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia
| | - B M Forde
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - A Sole-Guitart
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia
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4
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Yuen KY, Lo JYC. Gross negligence manslaughter and hindsight. Hong Kong Med J 2021; 27:384. [PMID: 34706992 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj219766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Y Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - J Y C Lo
- Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong SAR Government, Hong Kong
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5
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Kwan MYW, Chua GT, Chow CB, Tsao SSL, To KKW, Yuen KY, Lau YL, Ip P. mRNA COVID vaccine and myocarditis in adolescents. Hong Kong Med J 2021; 27:326-327. [PMID: 34393110 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj215120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Y W Kwan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - G T Chua
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - C B Chow
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S S L Tsao
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - K K W To
- Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - K Y Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Y L Lau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - P Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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6
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Wong YC, Chan SY, Yuen KY, Chong LC. Locally invasive and obstructive colonic leiomyosarcoma: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Hong Kong Med J 2021; 26:73-75. [PMID: 32077864 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj197873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y C Wong
- Department of Surgery, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong
| | - S Y Chan
- Department of Surgery, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong
| | - K Y Yuen
- Department of Surgery, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong
| | - L C Chong
- Department of Surgery, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong
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7
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Wong SC, Yuen LLH, Chen JHK, Yuen KY, Cheng VCC. Infection control challenges in handling recurrent blockage of sewage pipes in isolation facility designated for patients with COVID-19. J Hosp Infect 2021; 114:187-189. [PMID: 33691161 PMCID: PMC7937326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S-C Wong
- Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong West Cluster, Hong Kong, China
| | - L L H Yuen
- Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong West Cluster, Hong Kong, China
| | - J H K Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - K-Y Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - V C C Cheng
- Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong West Cluster, Hong Kong, China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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8
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Bohn MK, Loh TP, Wang CB, Mueller R, Koch D, Sethi S, Rawlinson WD, Clementi M, Erasmus R, Leportier M, Grimmler M, Yuen KY, Mancini N, Kwon GC, Menezes ME, Patru MM, Gramegna M, Singh K, Najjar O, Ferrari M, Horvath AR, Lippi G, Adeli K. IFCC Interim Guidelines on Serological Testing of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 58:2001-2008. [PMID: 33027043 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Serological testing for the detection of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is emerging as an important component of the clinical management of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as well as the epidemiological assessment of SARS-CoV-2 exposure worldwide. In addition to molecular testing for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection, clinical laboratories have also needed to increase testing capacity to include serological evaluation of patients with suspected or known COVID-19. While regulatory approved serological immunoassays are now widely available from diagnostic manufacturers globally, there is significant debate regarding the clinical utility of these tests, as well as their clinical and analytical performance requirements prior to application. This document by the International Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Taskforce on COVID-19 provides interim guidance on: (A) clinical indications and target populations, (B) assay selection, (C) assay evaluation, and (D) test interpretation and limitations for serological testing of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection. These evidence-based recommendations will provide practical guidance to clinical laboratories in the selection, verification, and implementation of serological assays and are of the utmost importance as we expand our pandemic response from initial case tracing and containment to mitigation strategies to minimize resurgence and further morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kathryn Bohn
- Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - David Koch
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sunil Sethi
- National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - William D Rawlinson
- Virology Division, SEALS Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, NSW, Randwick, Australia
| | | | - Rajiv Erasmus
- University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, Western Cape, Republic of South Africa
| | | | | | - K Y Yuen
- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | | | - Gye Cheol Kwon
- Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - Osama Najjar
- Allied Health Professions Ministry of Health, Palestine, Palestine
| | | | - Andrea R Horvath
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, New South Wales Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Khosrow Adeli
- Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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9
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Chan KH, Sridhar S, Zhang RR, Chu H, Fung AYF, Chan G, Chan JFW, To KKW, Hung IFN, Cheng VCC, Yuen KY. Factors affecting stability and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. J Hosp Infect 2020; 106:226-231. [PMID: 32652214 PMCID: PMC7343644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In late 2019, a novel human coronavirus - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) - emerged in Wuhan, China. This virus has caused a global pandemic involving more than 200 countries. SARS-CoV-2 is highly adapted to humans and readily transmits from person-to-person. AIM To investigate the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 under various environmental and pH conditions. The efficacies of various laboratory virus inactivation methods and home disinfectants against SARS-CoV-2 were investigated. METHODS The residual virus in dried form or in solution was titrated on to Vero E6 cells on days 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 after incubation at different temperatures. Viral viability was determined after treatment with various disinfectants and pH solutions at room temperature (20-25oC). FINDINGS SARS-CoV-2 was able to retain viability for 3-5 days in dried form or 7 days in solution at room temperature. SARS-CoV-2 could be detected under a wide range of pH conditions from pH 4 to pH 11 for several days, and for 1-2 days in stool at room temperature but lost 5 logs of infectivity. A variety of commonly used disinfectants and laboratory inactivation procedures were found to reduce viral viability effectively. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the stability of SARS-CoV-2 on environmental surfaces, and raises the possibility of faecal-oral transmission. Commonly used fixatives, nucleic acid extraction methods and heat inactivation were found to reduce viral infectivity significantly, which could ensure hospital and laboratory safety during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-H Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - S Sridhar
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - R R Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - H Chu
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - A Y-F Fung
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - G Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - J F-W Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - K K-W To
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - I F-N Hung
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - V C-C Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - K-Y Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- K K W To
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K Y Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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11
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Cheng VCC, Wong SC, Kwan GSW, Hui WT, Yuen KY. Disinfection of N95 respirators by ionized hydrogen peroxide during pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2. J Hosp Infect 2020; 105:358-359. [PMID: 32277965 PMCID: PMC7194585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V C C Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong West Cluster, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - S-C Wong
- Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong West Cluster, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - G S W Kwan
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - W-T Hui
- Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Kowloon West Cluster, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - K-Y Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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12
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To KKW, Zhou J, Song YQ, Hung IFN, Yuen KY. Innate immune defect predisposing to severe influenza in a Chinese population. Hong Kong Med J 2019; 25 Suppl 7:27-29. [PMID: 31761767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K K W To
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Y Q Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong
| | - I F N Hung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - K Y Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong
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13
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Cheng VCC, Wong SC, Chiu KHY, Yip CCY, Wong SCY, Yuen KY. Detection of norovirus in air samples in a non-vomiting patient: implications of testing saliva for norovirus in an immunocompromised host. J Hosp Infect 2019; 103:357-358. [PMID: 31352056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V C C Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong West Cluster, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - S-C Wong
- Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong West Cluster, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - K H Y Chiu
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - C C Y Yip
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - S C Y Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - K-Y Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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14
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To KKW, Chan KH, Ho J, Pang PKP, Ho DTY, Chang ACH, Seng CW, Yip CCY, Cheng VCC, Hung IFN, Yuen KY. Respiratory virus infection among hospitalized adult patients with or without clinically apparent respiratory infection: a prospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25:1539-1545. [PMID: 31004768 PMCID: PMC7129190 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To determine the viral epidemiology and clinical characteristics of patients with and without clinically apparent respiratory tract infection. Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted during the 2018 winter influenza season. Adult patients with fever/respiratory symptoms (fever/RS group) were age- and sex-matched with patients without fever/RS (non-fever/RS group) in a 1:1 ratio. Respiratory viruses were tested using NxTAG™ Respiratory Pathogen Panel IVD, a commercially-available multiplex PCR panel. Results A total of 214 acutely hospitalized patients were included in the final analysis, consisting of 107 with fever/RS (fever/RS group), and 107 age- and sex-matched patients without fever/RS (non-fever/RS group). Respiratory viruses were detected in 34.1% (73/214) of patients, and co-infection occurred in 7.9% (17/214) of patients. The incidence of respiratory virus was higher in the fever/RS group than in the non-fever/RS group (44.9% (48/107) versus 23.4% (25/107), p 0.001). Influenza B virus, enterovirus/rhinovirus and coronaviruses were detected more frequently in the fever/RS group, whereas parainfluenza virus 4B and adenovirus were detected more frequently in the non-fever/RS group. Among the non-fever/RS group, chest discomfort was more common among patients tested positive for respiratory viruses than those without respiratory virus detected (44% (11/25) versus 22% (18/82), p 0.04). Conclusions Respiratory viruses can be frequently detected among hospitalized patients without typical features of respiratory tract infection. These patients may be a source of nosocomial outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K W To
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - K-H Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - J Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - P K P Pang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - D T Y Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - A C H Chang
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - C W Seng
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - C C Y Yip
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - V C C Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - I F N Hung
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - K-Y Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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15
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Cheng VCC, Wong SC, Chen JHK, Wong SCY, Yuen KY. Mycobacterium chimaera-contaminated heater-cooler devices: the inner surface as the missing link? J Hosp Infect 2018; 100:e157-e158. [PMID: 30009867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V C C Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong West Cluster, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - S C Wong
- Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong West Cluster, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - J H K Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - S C Y Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - K Y Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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16
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Sridhar S, Chan JFW, Yap DYH, Teng JLL, Huang C, Yip CCY, Hung IFN, Tang SCW, Lau SKP, Woo PCY, Yuen KY. Genotype 4 hepatitis E virus is a cause of chronic hepatitis in renal transplant recipients in Hong Kong. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:209-213. [PMID: 28984015 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Sridhar
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - J F W Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - D Y H Yap
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - J L L Teng
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C Huang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C C Y Yip
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - I F N Hung
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - S C W Tang
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - S K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - P C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - K-Y Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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17
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Chen JH, Lam HY, Yip CC, Cheng VC, Chan JF, Leung TH, Sridhar S, Chan KH, Tang BS, Yuen KY. Evaluation of the molecular Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV assay vs. Alere i Influenza A & B assay for rapid detection of influenza viruses. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 90:177-180. [PMID: 29262988 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new FDA-approved Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV assay has been released for rapid influenza virus detection. We collected 134 nasopharyngeal specimens to compare the diagnostic performance of the Xpert assay and the Alere i Influenza A & B assay for influenza A and B virus detection. The Xpert assay demonstrated 100% and 96.3% sensitivity to influenza A and influenza B virus respectively. Its specificity was 100% for both viruses. The Alere i assay demonstrated slightly lower sensitivity but similar specificity to the Xpert Xpress assay. Although the Xpert assay (30 min) required longer processing time than the Alere assay (15 min), the handling procedure of the Alere assay was more complicated than the Xpert assay. As the GenXpert system has higher throughput than the Alere system, it is more suitable for hospital clinical laboratories. Overall, the new Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV assay is a reliable and useful tool for rapid influenza detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - H Y Lam
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - C C Yip
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - V C Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - J F Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - T H Leung
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - S Sridhar
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - K H Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - B S Tang
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - K Y Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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18
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To K, Ke YH, Dissanayake T, Ding V, Yip C, Sze KH, Yuen KY. Lipidomics Analysis of Rhinovirus Infection in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Open Forum Infect Dis 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofx163.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Cheng VCC, Tai JWM, Li WS, Chau PH, So SYC, Wong LMW, Ching RHC, Ng MML, Ho SKY, Lee DWY, Lee WM, Wong SCY, Yuen KY. Implementation of directly observed patient hand hygiene for hospitalized patients by hand hygiene ambassadors in Hong Kong. Am J Infect Control 2016; 44:621-4. [PMID: 26777285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of compliance with hand hygiene by patients is increasingly recognized to prevent health care-associated infections. METHODS This descriptive study observed the effects of an education campaign, targeted to increase patients' self-initiated hand hygiene, and a hand hygiene ambassador-initiated directly observed hand hygiene program on patients' hand hygiene compliance in a university-affiliated hospital. RESULTS The overall audited compliance of patients' self-initiated hand hygiene was only 37.5%, with a rate of 26.9% (112/416 episodes) before meals and medications, 27.5% (19/69 episodes) after using a urinal or bedpan, and 89.7% (87/97 episodes) after attending toilet facilities. Patients referred from a residential care home for older adults had significantly lower hand hygiene compliance (P = .007). Comparatively, the overall audited compliance of ambassador-initiated directly observed hand hygiene was 97.3% (428/440 episodes), which was significantly higher than patients' self-initiated hand hygiene via a patient education program (37.5%, 218/582 episodes, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Directly observed hand hygiene can play an important role in improving compliance with hand hygiene by hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent C C Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Josepha W M Tai
- Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - W S Li
- Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - P H Chau
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Simon Y C So
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lisa M W Wong
- Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Radley H C Ching
- Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Modissa M L Ng
- Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sara K Y Ho
- Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Doris W Y Lee
- Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - W M Lee
- Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sally C Y Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - K Y Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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20
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Huang JD, Zheng BJ, Yuen KY. A bioshield against influenza virus infection by commensal bacteria secreting antiviral peptide. Hong Kong Med J 2016; 22:13-15. [PMID: 27390004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J D Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Hong Kong
| | - B J Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong
| | - K Y Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong
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21
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Hung IFN, Cheng V, To K, Fw Chan J, Yuen KY. Clinical Characteristics of Rhinovirus Infection in Hospitalized Adults. Open Forum Infect Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofv133.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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22
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Cheng VCC, Chen JHK, So SYC, Wong SCY, Yan MK, Chau PH, Lee WM, To KKW, Chan JFW, Hung IFN, Ho PL, Yuen KY. Use of fluoroquinolones is the single most important risk factor for the high bacterial load in patients with nasal and gastrointestinal colonization by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 34:2359-66. [PMID: 26373714 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal colonization by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MRAB) provides an important reservoir for clinical infections and hospital outbreaks. We conducted a 7-month study in a 3200-bed healthcare network to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal colonization of CRAB and MRAB in Hong Kong. Between 1 June and 31 December 2014, a total of 17,760 fecal specimens from 9469 patients were screened. Testing showed that 340 (1.9%) specimens from 224 (2.6%) patients were CRAB-positive, which included 70 (0.39%) MRAB-positive specimens from 54 (0.57%) patients. The presence of wound or ulcer, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in the preceding 6 months, and residence in elderly homes are independent risk factors for gastrointestinal colonization of CRAB. Quantitative bacterial counts in various body sites (rectal, nasal, axilla, wound, catheterized urine, if available) were performed in 33 (61.1%) of 54 MRAB patients. Ten (30.3%) and 8 (24.2%) patients had high bacterial load (defined as over 3 log10) in rectal and nasal swabs, with a median of 5.04 log10 cfu/ml of rectal swab and 4.89 log10 cfu/ml of nasal swab in saline diluent, respectively. Nine (81.8%) of 11 patients with wounds had high bacterial load in wound swabs, with a median of 5.62 log10 cfu/ml. Use of fluoroquinolones 6 months before admission was the only significant factor associated with high bacterial load in nasal and rectal swabs. With the implementation of directly observed hand hygiene before meals and medications to all conscious hospitalized patients, no hospital outbreaks were observed during our study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C C Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - J H K Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - S Y C So
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - S C Y Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - M K Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - P H Chau
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - W M Lee
- Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - K K W To
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - J F W Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - I F N Hung
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - P L Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - K Y Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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23
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Cheng VC, Tai JW, Yuen KY. Proactive infection control measures to prevent hospital outbreaks in a regional hospital in Hong Kong: approaching zero outbreaks in a 5-year time period. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2015. [PMCID: PMC4475098 DOI: 10.1186/2047-2994-4-s1-p233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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24
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Chen JHK, She KKK, Kwong TC, Wong OY, Siu GKH, Leung CC, Chang KC, Tam CM, Ho PL, Cheng VCC, Yuen KY, Yam WC. Performance of the new automated Abbott RealTime MTB assay for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in respiratory specimens. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 34:1827-32. [PMID: 26071001 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The automated high-throughput Abbott RealTime MTB real-time PCR assay has been recently launched for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) clinical diagnosis. This study would like to evaluate its performance. We first compared its diagnostic performance with the Roche Cobas TaqMan MTB assay on 214 clinical respiratory specimens. Prospective analysis of a total 520 specimens was then performed to further evaluate the Abbott assay. The Abbott assay showed a lower limit of detection at 22.5 AFB/ml, which was more sensitive than the Cobas assay (167.5 AFB/ml). The two assays demonstrated a significant difference in diagnostic performance (McNemar's test; P = 0.0034), in which the Abbott assay presented significantly higher area under curve (AUC) than the Cobas assay (1.000 vs 0.880; P = 0.0002). The Abbott assay demonstrated extremely low PCR inhibition on clinical respiratory specimens. The automated Abbott assay required only very short manual handling time (0.5 h), which could help to improve the laboratory management. In the prospective analysis, the overall estimates for sensitivity and specificity of the Abbott assay were both 100 % among smear-positive specimens, whereas the smear-negative specimens were 96.7 and 96.1 %, respectively. No cross-reactivity with non-tuberculosis mycobacterial species was observed. The superiority in sensitivity of the Abbott assay for detecting MTBC in smear-negative specimens could further minimize the risk in MTBC false-negative detection. The new Abbott RealTime MTB assay has good diagnostic performance which can be a useful diagnostic tool for rapid MTBC detection in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H K Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Queen, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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25
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Huang JD, Zheng BJ, Yuen KY. Live recombinant Salmonella oral vaccine against avian influenza viruses. Hong Kong Med J 2015; 21 Suppl 4:14-16. [PMID: 26157096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J D Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Hong Kong
| | - B J Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong
| | - K Y Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong
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26
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Cheng VCC, Lee WM, Sridhar S, Ho PL, Yuen KY. Prevention of nosocomial transmission of influenza A (H7N9) in Hong Kong. J Hosp Infect 2015; 90:355-6. [PMID: 26045132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V C C Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - W M Lee
- Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S Sridhar
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - P L Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K Y Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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27
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Cheng VCC, Chau PH, Lee WM, Ho SKY, Lee DWY, So SYC, Wong SCY, Tai JWM, Yuen KY. Hand-touch contact assessment of high-touch and mutual-touch surfaces among healthcare workers, patients, and visitors. J Hosp Infect 2015; 90:220-5. [PMID: 25929790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike direct contact with patients' body, hand hygiene practice is often neglected by healthcare workers (HCWs) and visitors after contact with patients' environment. Contact with hospital environmental items may increase risk of pathogen transmission. AIM To enumerate the number of hand-touch contacts by patients, HCWs and visitors with any hospital environmental items. METHODS All contact-episodes between person and item were recorded by direct observation in a six-bed cubicle of acute wards for 33 working days. High-touch and mutual-touch items with high contact frequencies by HCWs, patients, and visitors were analysed. FINDINGS In total, 1107 person-episodes with 6144 contact-episodes were observed in 66 observation hours (average: 16.8 person-episodes and 93.1 contact-episodes per hour). Eight of the top 10 high-touch items, including bedside rails, bedside tables, patients' bodies, patients' files, linen, bed curtains, bed frames, and lockers were mutually touched by HCWs, patients, and visitors. Bedside rails topped the list with 13.6 contact-episodes per hour (mean), followed by bedside tables (12.3 contact-episodes per hour). Using patients' body contacts as a reference, it was found that medical staff and nursing staff contacted bedside tables [rate ratio (RR): 1.741, 1.427, respectively] and patients' files (RR: 1.358, 1.324, respectively) more than patients' bodies, and nursing staff also contacted bedside rails (RR: 1.490) more than patients' bodies. CONCLUSION Patients' surroundings may be links in the transmission of nosocomial infections because many are frequently touched and mutually contacted by HCWs, patients, and visitors. Therefore, the focus of hand hygiene education, environmental disinfection, and other system changes should be enhanced with respect to high-touch and mutual-touch items.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C C Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - P H Chau
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - W M Lee
- Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S K Y Ho
- Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - D W Y Lee
- Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S Y C So
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S C Y Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J W M Tai
- Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K Y Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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28
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Chan KH, Yan MK, To KKW, Lau SK, Woo PC, Cheng VCC, Li WS, Chan JFW, Tse H, Yuen KY. Use of the human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cell line for isolating respiratory viruses from nasopharyngeal aspirates. J Med Virol 2013; 85:874-9. [PMID: 23508913 PMCID: PMC7167083 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The human colorectal adenocarcinoma‐derived Caco‐2 cell line was evaluated as a means isolating common respiratory viruses from nasopharyngeal aspirates for the diagnosis of respiratory diseases. One hundred eighty‐nine direct immunofluorescence positive nasopharyngeal aspirates obtained from patients with various viral respiratory diseases were cultured in the presence of Caco‐2 cells or the following conventional cell lines: LLC‐MK2, MDCK, HEp‐2, and A549. Caco‐2 cell cultures effectively propagated the majority (84%) of the viruses present in nasopharyngeal aspirate samples compared with any positive cultures obtained using the panel cells (78%) or individual cell line MDCK (38%), HEp‐2 (21%), LLC‐MK2 (27%), or A549 (37%) cell lines. The differences against individual cell line were statistically significant (P = < 0.000001). Culture in Caco‐2 cells resulted in the isolation of 85% (36/42) of viruses which were not cultivated in conventional cell lines. By contrast, 80% (24/30) of viruses not cultivated in Caco‐2 cells were isolated using the conventional panel. The findings indicated that Caco‐2 cells were sensitive to a wide range of viruses and can be used to culture a broad range of respiratory viruses. J. Med. Virol. 85:874–879, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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Zheng BJ, Chan CS, Poon KM, Ng F, Ho CM, Che CM, Yuen KY. Development of anti-influenza A compounds: a pilot study. Hong Kong Med J 2013; 19 Suppl 4:36-38. [PMID: 23775185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
1. There is no effective anti-H5N1 avian influenza agent. 2. A chemical compound— BFDBSC—can inhibit H5N1 virus infection in cell cultures, and such inhibition might be attributable to its halogenated benzoyl residues. 3. This pilot study assessed anti- H5N1 activity and toxicity of four chemical compounds with halogenated benzoyl residues in cell culture system. 4. Two compounds—FPBFDBSC and BFB-gallate— showed higher antiviral effectsthan BFDBSC, whearas the other two—BFB-borneol and BFB-menthol—showed lower antiviral effects. These compounds did not show toxicity. 5. The halogenated benzoyl residues may play a key role in anti-H5N1 effects. However, all these compounds showed poor solubility, which may limit their utility
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Wong MY, Lau SKP, Tang SCW, Curreem SOT, Woo PCY, Yuen KY. First report of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis caused by Citrobacter amalonaticus. Perit Dial Int 2012; 32:224-5. [PMID: 22383728 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2011.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Yuen KY, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Wild animal surveillance for coronavirus HKU1 and potential variants of other coronaviruses. Hong Kong Med J 2012; 18 Suppl 2:25-26. [PMID: 22311357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Although CoV-HKU1 was not identified in any of the studied animals, a coronavirus closely related to SARS-CoV (bat-SARS-CoV) was identified in 23 (19%) of 118 wild Chinese horseshoe bats by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). 2. Complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that bat-SARS-CoV formed a distinct cluster with SARS-CoV as group 2b coronaviruses, distantly related to known group 2 coronaviruses. 3. Most differences between the bat-SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV genomes were observed in the spike gene. The presence of a29-bp insertion in ORF 8 of bat-SARS-CoV genome, not in most human SARS-CoV genomes, suggests that it has a common ancestor with civet SARS-CoV. 4. Antibody against recombinant bat-SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein was detected in 84% of Chinese horseshoe bats using an enzyme immunoassay.Neutralising antibody to human SARS-CoV was also detected in those with lower viral loads.5. This study also revealed a previously unknown diversity of coronaviruses in bats, which are important natural reservoir for coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-like viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong. Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Woo PCY, Yuen KY, Lau SKP. Epidemiology of coronavirus-associated respiratory tract infections and the role of rapid diagnostic tests: a prospective study. Hong Kong Med J 2012; 18 Suppl 2:22-24. [PMID: 22311356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Coronaviruses accounted for 1.6% (98/6272) of respiratory tract infections based on nasopharyngeal aspirate samples. 2. HCoV-OC43 was the most common coronavirus detected,followed by HCoV-NL63, CoVHKU1,and HCoV-229E. 3. Although CoV-HKU1 infections were most often associated with the upper respiratory tract, more severe illness (pneumonia,acute bronchiolitis, and asthmatic exacerbation) may occur, especially in those with underlying disease. In young children, CoV-HKU1 infection is associated with a high rate of febrile seizures (50%). 4. CoV-HKU1 and HCoV-OC43 infections peaked in winter, in contrast to HCoV-NL63, which mainly occurred in early summer and autumn, but was absent in winter. 5. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction is useful for the rapid diagnosis of coronavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, University Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Chan JFW, Woo PCY, Teng JLL, Lau SKP, Leung SSM, Tam FCC, Yuen KY. Primary infective spondylodiscitis caused by Lactococcus garvieae and a review of human L. garvieae infections. Infection 2011; 39:259-64. [PMID: 21424437 PMCID: PMC3132316 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-011-0094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We report the first case of primary infective spondylodiscitis due to Lactococcus garvieae, confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, in the absence of concomitant endocarditis in a patient with long-standing gastritis on famotidine. He responded to a 6-week course of ampicillin. The gastrointestinal tract is probably the source of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F W Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Cheng VCC, Chan JFW, Wen X, Wu WL, Que TL, Chen H, Chan KH, Yuen KY. Infection of immunocompromised patients by avian H9N2 influenza A virus. J Infect 2011; 62:394-9. [PMID: 21356238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza A (H9N2) virus is transmitted sporadically from avian species to human causing mild diseases in immunocompetent person. We report two cases of human infection in immunocompromised patients in Hong Kong between 2008 and 2009. One patient had uneventful recovery with viral shedding at day 10 after symptom onset despite her underlying acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The other patient with post-bone marrow transplant chronic graft-versus-host disease and bronhioltis obliterans went into respiratory failure. Genetic analysis revealed that these cases were caused by different genetic variants which are circulating in poultry in this region. Review of literature identified another 9 human cases reported in Southern China since 1988. It is possible that human infection with H9N2 is more common than what has been recognized. Continuous surveillance of H9N2 influenza virus infection in human is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent C C Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Kao RYT, Yuen KY, Che CM, Siu FM. Methionine aminopeptidase as a novel target for antibiotic therapy against Staphylococcus aureus: a proteomic approach. Hong Kong Med J 2011; 17 Suppl 2:29-31. [PMID: 21368332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Y T Kao
- Department of Microbiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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36
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Ho PL, Yuen KY, Lam RMK, Kam KM. Antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens causing cystitis in women. Hong Kong Med J 2011; 17 Suppl 2:21-23. [PMID: 21368330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P L Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Lau SKP, Yip CCY, Woo PCY, Yuen KY. Human rhinovirus C: a newly discovered human rhinovirus species. Emerg Health Threats J 2010; 3:e2. [PMID: 22460392 PMCID: PMC3167658 DOI: 10.3134/ehtj.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although often ignored, human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are the most frequent causes of respiratory tract infections (RTIs). A group of closely related novel rhinoviruses have recently been discovered. Based on their unique phylogenetic position and distinct genomic features, they are classified as a separate species, HRV-C. After their discovery, HRV-C viruses have been detected in patients worldwide, with a reported prevalence of 1.4-30.9% among tested specimens. This suggests that the species contribute to a significant proportion of RTIs that were unrecognized in the past. HRV-C is also the predominant HRV species, often with a higher detection rate than that of the two previously known species, HRV-A and HRV-B. HRV-C infections appear to peak in fall or winter in most temperate or subtropical countries, but may predominate in the rainy season in the tropics. In children, HRV-C is often associated with upper RTIs, with asthma exacerbation and wheezing episodes being common complications. The virus has also been detected in children with bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis and systemic infections complicated by pericarditis. As for adults, HRV-C has been associated with more severe disease such as pneumonia and exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, larger clinical studies with asymptomatic controls are required to better define the significance of HRV-C infection in the adult population. On the basis of VP4 sequence analysis, a potential distinct subgroup within HRV-C has also been identified, although more complete genome sequences are needed to better define the genetic diversity of HRV-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K P Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Cheng VCC, Tai JWM, Chan WM, Lau EHY, Chan JFW, To KKW, Li IWS, Ho PL, Yuen KY. Sequential introduction of single room isolation and hand hygiene campaign in the control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in intensive care unit. BMC Infect Dis 2010; 10:263. [PMID: 20822509 PMCID: PMC2944349 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background After renovation of the adult intensive care unit (ICU) with installation of ten single rooms, an enhanced infection control program was conducted to control the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in our hospital. Methods Since the ICU renovation, all patients colonized or infected with MRSA were nursed in single rooms with contact precautions. The incidence of MRSA infection in the ICU was monitored during 3 different phases: the baseline period (phase 1); after ICU renovation (phase 2) and after implementation of a hand hygiene campaign with alcohol-based hand rub (phase 3). Patients infected with extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species were chosen as controls because they were managed in open cubicles with standard precautions. Results Without a major change in bed occupancy rate, nursing workforce, or the protocol of environmental cleansing throughout the study period, a stepwise reduction in ICU onset nonbacteraemic MRSA infection was observed: from 3.54 (phase 1) to 2.26 (phase 2, p = 0.042) and 1.02 (phase 3, p = 0.006) per 1000-patient-days. ICU onset bacteraemic MRSA infection was significantly reduced from 1.94 (phase 1) to 0.9 (phase 2, p = 0.005) and 0.28 (phase 3, p = 0.021) per 1000-patient-days. Infection due to ESBL-producing organisms did not show a corresponding reduction. The usage density of broad-spectrum antibiotics and fluoroquinolones increased from phase 1 to 3. However a significant trend improvement of ICU onset MRSA infection by segmented regression analysis can only be demonstrated when comparison was made before and after the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic. This suggests that the deaths of fellow healthcare workers from an occupational acquired infection had an overwhelming effect on their compliance with infection control measures. Conclusion Provision of single room isolation facilities and promotion of hand hygiene practice are important. However compliance with infection control measures relies largely on a personal commitment, which may increase when personal safety is threatened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent C C Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Cheng VCC, Chan JFW, Tai JWM, Ho YY, Li IWS, To KKW, Ho PL, Yuen KY. Successful control of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium outbreak in a neurosurgical unit at non-endemic region. Emerg Health Threats J 2010; 2:e9. [PMID: 22460290 PMCID: PMC3167649 DOI: 10.3134/ehtj.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have emerged in many parts of the world, but have only been reported sporadically in Hong Kong. We report an outbreak of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) in a neurosurgical unit at a tertiary teaching hospital between 3 March and 3 April 2009 in Hong Kong. During the outbreak investigation, clinical samples from 193 (91.5%) of 211 patients who had stayed in the neurosurgical unit and 506 environmental samples were screened for VREfm. Besides the index case, another 3 (1.6%) out of 192 patients were found to be positive for VREfm. Two (0.4%) out of 506 environmental samples were positive for VREfm. All four clinical and two environmental isolates were found to be clonally related by pulse-field gel electrophoresis. The risk factors for nosocomial acquisition of VREfm included advanced age (P=0.047), presence of nasogastric tubing (P=0.002) and tracheostomy (P<0.001), and the use of β-lactam antibiotics (P<0.001) and vancomycin (P=0.001). Contrary to other VRE outbreaks in which the spread was rapid, the neurosurgical patients' immobilization because of coma and mechanical ventilation dependency, and the vigilant practice of hand hygiene by health-care workers successfully limited the number of secondary cases despite the delayed recognition of the index case. All patients with VREfm were labeled in the hospital network information system so that stringent infection control measures with contact precautions would be carried out once these patients were readmitted to prevent its spread in our locality.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C C Cheng
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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40
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Chan JFW, Tse H, To KKW, Li IWS, Tang BSF, Cheng VCC, Yuen KY. Q fever: underdiagnosed in Hong Kong? Hong Kong Med J 2010; 16:56-58. [PMID: 20124575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the first imported case of chronic Q fever with multi-organ involvement seen in Hong Kong. Although the disease is found worldwide, its chronic form is very rare in our locality. Familiarity with the clinical presentation, useful diagnostic tools, and appropriate treatment is necessary for the prevention of the serious morbidity and mortality associated with chronic Q fever. To the best of our knowledge, this article represents the first comprehensive review to compare the local experience with Q fever with international data, and establishes a management approach for this unusual infectious disease while suggesting possible explanations for its exceptionally low incidence in this locality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F W Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
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41
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Cheng VCC, Tai JWM, Wong LMW, Chan JFW, Li IWS, To KKW, Hung IFN, Chan KH, Ho PL, Yuen KY. Prevention of nosocomial transmission of swine-origin pandemic influenza virus A/H1N1 by infection control bundle. J Hosp Infect 2010; 74:271-7. [PMID: 20061056 PMCID: PMC7118838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
After the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong, the importance of preventing nosocomial transmission of respiratory viruses has become a top priority in infection control. During the containment and early mitigation phases of the swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) A H1N1 pandemic, an infection control bundle consisting of multiple coherent measures was organised by our infection control team to minimise nosocomial transmission. This included repeated open staff forum achieving high attendance; early recognition of index cases among inpatients by liberal testing; early relief of sick staff from work; directly observed hand hygiene practice during outbreaks; and monitoring of compliance with infection control practice. During the first 100 days (from 1 May to 8 August 2009) when the first 100 laboratory-confirmed patients with S-OIV and 12 infected healthcare workers (HCWs) were identified, a total of 836 asymptomatic exposed persons (184 patients and 652 HCWs) were required to undergo a seven-day medical surveillance. The infection control nurses monitored them for the onset of symptoms. Four (0.48%) exposed persons (one house officer, two non-clinical staff, and one patient) were virologically confirmed with S-OIV. Not wearing a surgical mask either by the exposed persons during contact with the index cases (4/4 vs 264/832, P = 0.010) or vice versa (4/4 vs 300/832, P = 0.017, Fisher's exact test) were found to be significant risk factors for nosocomial acquisition of S-OIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C C Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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42
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Lau SKP, Woo PCY, Yuen KY. Multi-locus sequence typing scheme for Laribacter hongkongensis, a novel bacterium associated with freshwater fish-borne gastroenteritis and traveller's diarrhoea. Hong Kong Med J 2010; 16:13-14. [PMID: 20864740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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43
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Yuen KY, Woo PCY, Lau SKP. A multilocus sequence typing system for Penicillium marneffei: an international molecular cyber system for tracking its origin and transmission. Hong Kong Med J 2010; 16:45-46. [PMID: 20864749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Y Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Woo PCY, Yuen KY, Lau SKP, Tse H. Random exploration of the Laribacter hongkongensis genome. Hong Kong Med J 2010; 16:15-17. [PMID: 20864741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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45
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Tang BSF, Chan KH, Cheng VCC, Yuen KY. Comparative host gene transcription by microarray analysis early after infection of the Huh7 cell line by SARS coronavirus and human coronavirus 229E. Hong Kong Med J 2009; 15 Suppl 9:23-26. [PMID: 20393221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During the early stages of infection, SARS-CoV produces more severe perturbation of host cell gene expression in a human epithelial cell line of liver origin than the HCoV-229E.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S F Tang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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46
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Woo PCY, Lau SKP, Yuen KY. Clinical features and molecular epidemiology of coronavirus-HKU1-associated community-acquired pneumonia. Hong Kong Med J 2009; 15 Suppl 9:46-47. [PMID: 20393227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Coronavirus (CoV)-HKU1 accounts for 2.4% of community-acquired pneumonia. 2. Clinical features alone cannot differentiate this entity from other community-acquired pneumonia. 3. Further studies are needed to understand the significance of CoV-HKU1 in upper respiratory tract infection and its potential to cause outbreaks of acute viral respiratory illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, University Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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47
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Hung IFN, Lau SKP, Woo PCY, Yuen KY. Viral loads in clinical specimens and SARS manifestations. Hong Kong Med J 2009; 15 Suppl 9:20-22. [PMID: 20393220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
1. A high viral load in nasopharyngeal aspirate (with or without a high viral load in serum) is a useful prognostic indicator of respiratory failure or mortality. The presence of viral RNA in multiple body sites is also indicative of poor prognosis. 2. Early treatment with an effective antiviral agent before day 10 may decrease the peak viral load, and thus ameliorate the clinical symptoms and mortality, and reduce viral shedding and the risk of transmission
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Affiliation(s)
- I F N Hung
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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48
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Ho PL, Yuen KY, Tse WS, Ng TK, Que TL, Lai E, Yung RW. Molecular epidemiology of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Hong Kong Med J 2009; 15 Suppl 9:6-8. [PMID: 20393216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains with diverse genetic backgrounds are emerging in Hong Kong. 2. Intra-familial spread of community-associated MRSA is common.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Ho
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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49
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Li IWS, Chan KH, To KWK, Wong SSY, Ho PL, Lau SKP, Woo PCY, Tsoi HW, Chan JFW, Cheng VCC, Zheng BJ, Chen H, Yuen KY. Differential susceptibility of different cell lines to swine-origin influenza A H1N1, seasonal human influenza A H1N1, and avian influenza A H5N1 viruses. J Clin Virol 2009; 46:325-30. [PMID: 19801200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novel swine-origin influenza A H1N1 virus (S-OIV) causes the current pandemic. Its tissue tropism and replication in different cell lines are not well understood. OBJECTIVE Compare the growth characteristics of cell lines infected by S-OIV, seasonal influenza A H1N1 (sH1N1) and avian influenza A H5N1 (H5N1) viruses and the effect of temperature on viral replication. STUDY DESIGN Cytopathic effect (CPE), antigen expression by immunofluorescence (IF) and viral load profile by quantitative RT-PCR in 17 cell lines infected by S-OIV, sH1N1 and H5N1 were examined. Comparison of their replication efficiency in chick embryo was performed. The effect of temperature on viral replication in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells was determined by TCID(50) at 33 degrees C, 37 degrees C and 39 degrees C for 5 consecutive days. RESULTS S-OIV replicated in cell lines derived from different tissues or organs and host species with comparable viral load to sH1N1. Among 13 human cell lines tested, Caco-2 has the highest viral load for S-OIV. S-OIV showed a low viral load with no CPE or antigen expression in pig kidney cell PK-15, H5N1 demonstrated the most diverse cell tropism by CPE and antigen expression, and the highest viral replication efficiency in both cell lines and allantoic fluid. All three viruses demonstrated best growth at 37 degrees C in MDCK cells. CONCLUSION Cell line growth characteristics of S-OIV, sH1N1 and H5N1 appear to correlate clinically and pathologically with involved anatomical sites and severity. Low replication of S-OIV in PK-15 suggests that this virus is more adapted to human than swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- I W S Li
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Liong T, Lee KL, Poon YS, Lam SY, Chan CP, Yue CS, Chu CM, Yuen KY, Law KI. The first novel influenza A (H1N1) fatality despite antiviral treatment and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 2009; 15:381-384. [PMID: 19801697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the first fatality caused by novel influenza A (H1N1) infection despite having the diagnosis confirmed and being given antiviral treatment after hospitalisation. This patient was also the first with influenza A (H1N1) to be supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in Hong Kong. Although extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is an effective means of supporting patients with refractory hypoxaemia on high mechanical ventilatory support, it is labour-intensive and technically demanding. We also discuss the challenges faced when managing this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Liong
- Intensive Care Unit, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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