1
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Mehta S, Gardner K, Hall J, Rosenfield D, Tse S, Ho K, Grant K, Bradbury-Squires DJ, Lang E, Chartier L. Virtual urgent care is here to stay: driving toward safe, equitable, and sustainable integration within emergency medicine. CAN J EMERG MED 2024; 26:305-311. [PMID: 38334940 DOI: 10.1007/s43678-024-00658-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virtual care in Canada rapidly expanded during the COVID-19 pandemic in a low-rules environment in response to pressing needs for ongoing access to care amid public health restrictions. Emergency medicine specialists now face the challenge of advising on which virtual urgent care services ought to remain as part of comprehensive emergency care. Consideration must be given to safe, quality, and appropriate care as well as issues of equitable access, public demand, and sustainability (financial and otherwise). The aim of this project was to summarize current literature and expert opinion and formulate recommendations on the path forward for virtual care in emergency medicine. METHODS We formed a working group of emergency medicine physicians from across Canada working in a variety of practice settings. The virtual care working group conducted a scoping review of the literature and met monthly to discuss themes and develop recommendations. The final recommendations were circulated to stakeholders for input and subsequently presented at the 2023 Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Academic Symposium for discussion, feedback, and refinement. RESULTS The working group developed and reached unanimity on nine recommendations addressing the themes of system design, equity and accessibility, quality and patient safety, education and curriculum, financial models, and sustainability of virtual urgent care services in Canada. CONCLUSION Virtual urgent care has become an established service in the Canadian health care system. Emergency medicine specialists are uniquely suited to provide leadership and guidance on the optimal delivery of these services to enhance and complement emergency care in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mehta
- Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- North York General Hospital, North York, ON, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - K Gardner
- IWK Health, Halifax, NS, Canada.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - J Hall
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Rosenfield
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Tse
- Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - K Ho
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - K Grant
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - D J Bradbury-Squires
- Faculty of Medicine, Disciplines of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland Regional Health Centre, Grand Falls-Windsor, NL, Canada
| | - E Lang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - L Chartier
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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2
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Smith GD, Ho K, Penny KI. The importance of STROBE checklist adherence in reporting of observational studies: Not just a tick box exercise. J Adv Nurs 2023; 79:4431-4433. [PMID: 37377130 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G D Smith
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong, China
| | - K Ho
- Nethersole School of Nursing, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - K I Penny
- Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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3
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Ho K, Wai M, Do V, Sen S, Maenza C, Renauer M, Landrum B, Heeney S. Sirolimus in Heart Transplant Recipients - Review of Sirolimus Dosing Strategies and Conversions. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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4
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Pavey W, Dixon N, Hahn R, Hannaway A, Vincent V, Grainger N, Chitmis S, Saxton J, Ludewick H, Ho K, Hool L. Nebulised Gas Persufflation to Preserve Hearts Donated after Circulatory Death. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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5
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Jahromi H, Horen S, Ho K, Tran E, Roth A, Schechter L. PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS IN GENDER-AFFIRMING MASTECTOMY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Georgian Med News 2022:6-12. [PMID: 36780614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Following increased cultural awareness, expanded access to care, and decreased stigmatization, the number of transgender individuals seeking gender affirmation surgery such as gender-affirmation mastectomy (GAM) continues to rise. While post-mastectomy breast tissue is often sent for pathologic evaluation, few studies address the utility and standardization of this practice. This literature review evaluates the pathology findings in GAM specimens reported in the medical literature. A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was performed to evaluate all medical publications related to pathology reports following GAM. The overall type and incidence of benign and malignant breast lesions were analyzed to elucidate which patient characteristics significantly affect the pathology findings. Overall, eight of 488 identified studies met inclusion criteria (1278 patients). The incidence of pre-malignant lesions was 2.42%, including flat epithelial atypia (0.08%), atypical hyperplasia (0.23%), atypical ductal hyperplasia (1.33%), atypical lobular hyperplasia (0.39%), and lobular carcinoma in situ (0.39%).Patient age, hormonal therapy, and family / patient history of breast cancer were inconsistently reported among included studies. Lack of standardized pathologic classification did not permit further statistical analysis. Although patients who undergo GAM are unlikely to have premalignant or malignant findings on breast pathology examination, pathologic evaluation of breast tissue remains common practice. Additional studies, which include a standardized method of pathologic evaluation, are necessary before practice guidelines can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jahromi
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Temple University Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S Horen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K Ho
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E Tran
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Roth
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L Schechter
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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6
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Wadhwa M, Kang HN, Thorpe R, Knezevic I, Aprea P, Bielsky MC, Ekman N, Heim HK, Joung J, Kurki P, Lacana E, Njue C, Nkansah E, Savkina M, Thorpe R, Yamaguchi T, Wadhwa M, Wang J, Weise M, Wolff-Holz E, Allam M, Bahaa H, Sayed M, Al-Oballi A, Alshahrani A, Baek D, Kim J, Chua H, Gangakhedkar J, Jagtap MP, Lyaskovsky T, Okudaira S, Ondee W, Sotomayor P, Ricra JS, Uviase J, Ahmed F, Rajendran Y, Defendi HT, Cho SO, Qu A, Acha V, Gencoglu M, Ho K, Baldrighi M, Schiestl M, Watson K, Spitzer E, Chong S, Fukushima A, Kang HN, Knezevic I, Pante G, Simao M. WHO informal consultation on revision of guidelines on evaluation of similar biotherapeutic products, virtual meeting, 30 June – 2 July 2021. Biologicals 2022; 76:1-9. [PMID: 35466023 PMCID: PMC9109723 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The WHO informal consultation was held to promote the revision of WHO guidelines on evaluation of similar biotherapeutic products (SBPs) adopted by the Expert Committee on Biological Standardization (ECBS) in 2009. It was agreed in the past consultations that the evaluation principles in the guidelines are still valid, but a review was recommended to provide more clarity and case-by-case flexibility. The opportunity was therefore taken to review the experience and identify areas where the current guidance could be more permissive without compromising its basic principles, and where additional explanation could be provided regarding the possibility of reducing the amount of data needed for regulatory approval. The meeting participants applauded the leading role taken by the WHO in providing a much-needed streamlined approach for development and evaluation of SBPs which will provide efficient and cost-effective product development and increase patient access to treatments. It was recognized that the principles as currently described in the draft WHO guidelines are based on sound science and experience gained over the last fifteen years of biosimilar approvals. However, since these guidelines when finalised will constitute the global standard for biosimilar evaluation and assist national regulatory authorities in establishing revised guidance and regulatory practice in this complex area, it was felt that further revision and clarity on certain perspectives in specific areas was necessary to dispel uncertainties arising in the current revised version. This report describes the principles in the draft guidelines, including topics discussed and consensus reached. WHO guidelines serve as a basis for the development of national regulatory framework for biosimilars. Revision of guidelines is to provide more flexibility and clarification on data required for regulatory approval. Revised guidelines would contribute to improving consistency on regulatory decision and patient access to treatments.
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7
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Ho K, Yeung C, Kassir S. UTILIZATION OF TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS DIAGNOSIS: A SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE. Can J Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.07.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Saito Y, Takami H, Abdelhamid Ahmed AH, Nakao A, Ho K, Tokuda T, Miyata R, Randolph GW, Ando N. Association of symptomatic gallstones and primary hyperparathyroidism: a propensity score-matched analysis. Br J Surg 2021; 108:e336-e337. [PMID: 34370814 PMCID: PMC10364881 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
If the prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in patients with symptomatic gallstones is higher than that in the general population, PHPT screening could reveal important clinical implications. We observed that the prevalence of PHPT in these patients was higher compared to that of healthy matched controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Saito
- Department of Surgery, International Goodwill Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H Takami
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A H Abdelhamid Ahmed
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A Nakao
- Department of Surgery, International Goodwill Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - K Ho
- Department of Surgery, International Goodwill Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - T Tokuda
- Department of Surgery, International Goodwill Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - R Miyata
- Department of Surgery, International Goodwill Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - G W Randolph
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - N Ando
- Department of Surgery, International Goodwill Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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9
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Costa O, Ho K, Caranfa JT, Vardar B, Abdelgawwad K, Brescia CW, Coleman CI. Ophthalmic complications in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and type 2 diabetes prescribed rivaroxaban or warfarin. Europace 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab116.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Bayer AG Berlin, Germany
INTRODUCTION
Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at an increased risk of ophthalmic complications compared to those without. Ophthalmic complications in T2D patients with comorbid nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) may include ophthalmic bleeding and/or diabetic retinopathy.
PURPOSE
We sought to evaluate ophthalmic complications in patients with NVAF and T2D prescribed rivaroxaban or warfarin for stroke prevention.
METHODS
Optum® de-identified electronic health record (EHR) data from 11/2010-3/2020 were utilized. Adults with NVAF and T2D, newly started on rivaroxaban or warfarin and with ≥12 months of prior EHR activity were included. Patients were excluded if they received any oral anticoagulation in the prior 12 months, had valvular disease or pre-existing diabetic retinopathy. Our primary outcome was the incidence rate of any ophthalmic complication including non-traumatic bleeding (choroidal, intraocular, retinal, vitreous) or diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmic bleeds typically associated with trauma (hyphema, orbital) were excluded from our outcomes. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using propensity score-overlap weighted Cox regression.
RESULTS
We included 26,537 rivaroxaban and 61,690 warfarin patients. The average age of patients was 69 ± 9 years, CHA2DS2VASc score was 4.1 ± 1.5 and HASBLED 1.5 ± 0.9. Thirty-two percent of patients had an a1c ≥7.0 and 16% an a1c≥8.0. Rivaroxaban was associated with a 15% (95%CI = 8-21%) relative hazard reduction of any ophthalmic complication (incidence rate = 1.25 vs. 1.46%/year) (Table), driven by reductions in both ophthalmic bleeding (HR = 0.80) and diabetic retinopathy (HR = 0.85).
CONCLUSIONS
Rivaroxaban was associated with a reduction in ophthalmic complications compared to warfarin. Table. Ophthalmic Complications Outcome Rivaroxaban, %/yearN = 26,537 Warfarin, %/yearN = 61,690 PS OLW HR (95%CI) Any Ophthalmic Complication 1.25 1.46 0.85 (0.79-0.92) Any Ophthalmic Bleed 0.15 0.19 0.80 (0.63-1.00) Choroidal Bleed 0.003 0.005 0.59 (0.11-3.17) Intraocular Bleed 0.01 0.01 0.75 (0.26-2.13) Retinal Bleed 0.08 0.09 0.93 (0.68-1.28) Vitreous Bleed 0.07 0.10 0.66 (0.47-0.92) Any Type of Diabetic Retinopathy 1.15 1.34 0.85 (0.79-0.93) Diabetic Retinopathy, non-proliferative 0.35 0.44 0.80 (0.69-0.93) Diabetic Retinopathy, proliferative 0.09 0.12 0.79 (0.59-1.05) Diabetic Retinopathy, unspecified 0.82 0.94 0.87 (0.79-0.97) CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; OLW = overlap weighted; PS = propensity score
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Affiliation(s)
- O Costa
- University of Connecticut , Storrs, United States of America
| | - K Ho
- University of Connecticut , Storrs, United States of America
| | - JT Caranfa
- University of Connecticut , Storrs, United States of America
| | | | | | - CW Brescia
- Freshtech IT, LLC, Department of Data Science, East hartford, United States of America
| | - CI Coleman
- University of Connecticut , Storrs, United States of America
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Vantomme E, Chetty K, Ho K, O’Byrne M. A62 THE UTILITY OF FECAL IMMUNOCHEMICAL TEST IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS: A RETROSPECTIVE CHART REVIEW. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab002.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is a colorectal cancer (CRC) screening tool that uses antibodies to detect the globin moiety of human hemoglobin. On average, one test costs approximately $35 CAD. It has been widely validated as an effective screening tool that is both more sensitive than fecal occult blood testing, and less likely to react to non-human sources of blood, such as from dietary sources. Despite an absence of evidence for use in hospitalized patients, it is commonly ordered in this setting.
Aims
To assess the value and appropriateness of FIT in hospitalized patients in an urban health authority.
Methods
All FITs ordered for hospitalized patients between August 1, 2017 and June 1, 2018 in one academic hospital in Regina, Saskatchewan were examined. Of the 626 cases that were identified, information regarding demographics, clinical presentation, consultations, laboratory values, and endoscopy results were recorded.
Results
Of all 626 FITs ordered, 204 were positive and 422 were negative. Hospitalist physicians ordered 41% of these FITs. Of the 197 patients with negative FITs whose clinical data were available, 39% proceeded to gastroscopy and 23% proceeded to colonoscopy/flexible sigmoidoscopy during admission. Of the 201with positive FITs whose clinical data were available, 58% proceeded to gastroscopy and 40% proceeded to colonoscopy/flexible sigmoidoscopy during admission. FIT had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 94–100%) and specificity of 3% (95% CI: 0–15%) to detect abnormal colonoscopy/flexible sigmoidoscopy results while having a sensitivity of 67% (95% CI: 57–78%) and specificity of 45% (95% CI:36–55%) to detect abnormal gastroscopy. Using a composite of uninvestigated iron deficiency, age >75 or <50 years, clinically overt bleeding, endoscopy despite negative FIT, and up-to-date CRC screening as a definition for inappropriate use of FIT, we found that 7% of negative FITsand 4% of positive FITs were appropriately ordered.
Conclusions
FIT tests had excellent sensitivity for lower gastrointestinal bleeding but had a high false positive rate in this population. FIT tests performed poorly in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Using FIT for its validated purpose of CRC screening was done in a minority of cases. Importantly, 60% of patients with negative FIT tests proceeded to endoscopy, which may suggest that FITs in hospitalized patients does not significantly alter clinical decision making in a majority of cases.
Funding Agencies
None
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vantomme
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - K Chetty
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - K Ho
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - M O’Byrne
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Regina, SK, Canada
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Ali U, Pavey W, Hickey J, Chitnis S, Ludewick H, Abbot S, Gupta A, Ho K. R43 Using Shear Wave Elastography to Characterise Ischaemic Contracture in Rodent Hearts. Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.03.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Narasimhan B, Wu L, Ho K, Amreia M, Shah A, Kantharia B. Impact of outflow tract obstruction in the management of atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: insights from the national readmission database. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is commonly encountered in patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM). Presence of AF in this high risk population is detrimental due to its effect on hemodynamics, diastolic function and potential induction of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. For these reasons a rhythm control strategy is highly desirable, and yet catheter ablation of AF is consistently inefficacious with poorer overall outcomes. We hypothesize that in HCM presence of outflow tract obstruction by virtue of its effect on left atrial hemodynamics, altered circulatory flow patterns in the pulmonary veins, and stretch related triggered activities would create an arrhythmogenic substrate, and have significant impact on the outcomes of catheter ablation of AF. In this study, we aimed to evaluate AF ablation outcomes based on the presence or absence of outflow tract obstructions in patients with HCM.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective study using the AHRQ-HCUP National Readmission Database for the years 2016–17. All adults (≥18 years) with HCM undergoing AF ablation procedures were identified using ICD-9 codes. The cohort was divided into two groups; Obstructive HCM (Group A) and Non-Obstructive HCM (Group B)
Multivariate regression analysis was utilized to adjust for confounders. Independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality were identified using a proportional hazards model. Complications were defined as per the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality guideline.
Results
From a total of 71,451,419 patients in the NRD registry, 97 patients with HCM were identified and formed the study cohort. When divided based on the presence or absence of outflow tract obstruction, there were 25 patients with Obstructive HCM and 72 patients with Non-obstructive HCM.
Both groups were similar in clinical characteristics including CHADVASc scores and Charlson Comobidity indices as outlined in Table 1. Procedural outcome analysis revealed higher 30-day cardiac readmissions in the Obstructive HCM group compared to Non-obstructive HCM (25.2% vs 7.97%, p=0.049). The Obstructive HCM group had higher rates of atrial arrhythmias, 57.97%, compared to 32.44% in the non-obstructive HCM group, and heart failure exacerbations, 41.27% vs 25.82%. However, both indices did not reach statistical significance. The procedural complications rates tended to be higher in the non-obstructive HCM group, 10.8% vs. 5.6% in the Obstructive HCM group (p=0.54).
Conclusions
Presence of an obstructive component to HCM is associated with significantly increased short term cardiac readmissions predominantly driven by recurrent atrial arrhythmias and heart failure. These findings suggest negative influence of altered cardiac hemodynamics related to outflow tract obstruction on atrial arrhythmias. The arrhythmogenic substrate of HCM may therefore be different and less amenable to catheter ablation.
HCM ablation outcomes
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- B Narasimhan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - L Wu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - K Ho
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | | | - A Shah
- Cardiovascular and Heart Rhythm consultants, New york, United States of America
| | - B Kantharia
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
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Narasimhan B, Ho K, Wu L, Amreia M, Isath A, Bhatia K, Shah A, Kantharia B. Impact of age on the obesity paradox in acute coronary syndrome: a nationwide analysis. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The obesity paradox – indicating improved short term mortality in obese individuals has been widely explored in a number of cardiovascular conditions. However, its validity in an elderly population and the possible physiological impact of aging on this phenomenon in Acute Coronary syndrome (ACS) remain unclear. In this study, we aim to determine the relationship between obesity and in-hospital mortality, morbidity, and health care resource utilization in this cohort of patients.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted using the AHRQ-HCUP National Inpatient Sample for the year 2014. Elderly adults (≥65 years) with a principal diagnosis of ACS and a secondary diagnosis of obesity were identified using ICD-9 diagnosis codes as described in the literature. The primary outcome of in-hospital mortality and secondary outcomes like length of hospital stay (LOS), and total hospitalization costs were analyzed. Propensity score (PS) using the next neighbor method without replacement with 1:1 matching was utilized to adjust for confounders. Independent risk factors for mortality were identified using a multivariate logistic regression model.
Results
In total, 1,137,108 hospital admissions with a primary diagnosis of ACS were identified, of which 7.46% were obese. In-hospital morality during the index admission was lower among obese patients with ACS compared to non-obese patients (4.62 vs 6.87%, p<0.001) with significantly lower 30-day readmission rates as well (p<0.001). However, in-hospital mortality rates during readmission were statistically equivalent between the obese and non-obese groups (5.6 vs 8.3%, p=0.72). LOS during the index admission was longer for obese patients (6.39 vs 5.36 days, p=0.65) but equivalent to non-obese patients during subsequent readmissions (p=0.12). The total cost of these admissions was significantly more in the obese cohort as well (p<0.001).
Conclusion
In this study, obese elderly patients admitted with ACS were found to have significantly reduced in-hospital mortality and 30-day readmission rates when compared to non-obese patients - reinforcing the obesity paradox independent of patient age.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- B Narasimhan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - K Ho
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - L Wu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | | | - A Isath
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - K Bhatia
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - A Shah
- Cardiovascular and Heart Rhythm consultants, New york, United States of America
| | - B Kantharia
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
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14
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Isath A, Perembeti S, Ho K, Correa A, Haider S, Siroky G, Narasimhan B, Padmanabhan D, Mehta D. A nationwide 16-year study of the trends, burden and impact of atrial fibrillation in cardiac amyloidosis. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) remains an underdiagnosed entity. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in patients with CA, likely owing to direct amyloid deposition in the left atrium. However, the prevalence of AF in CA and its association with in-hospital outcomes has not been studied in large populations.
Purpose
Our aim was to study the trends, baseline characteristics, and clinical impact of AF in patients with CA in the United States using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) National) Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 1999 to 2014.
Methods
We queried the NIS and identified CA using ICD-9-CM codes 277.39 and 425.7. AF in CA patients was identified using the ICD-9-CM code of 427.31. Statistical Analysis System (SAS) 9.4 was used for analysis of data.
Results
There were a total of 145,920 CA hospitalizations between 1999 and 2014 in the United States, of which 37,070 (25.4%) had AF. The prevalence of AF remained consistent from 27.5% in 1999 to 27.4% in 2014.
The mean age of patients with AF was 72.9±28.2 years and for patients without AF was 67±31.9 years (p<0.0001). The majority of the patients with AF were male (60.3%) and the study group was predominantly white (62.8% in patients with AF and 56.4% in patients without AF). CA patients with AF suffered more from thyroid-related disease (22.5% vs 16.1%), heart failure (62.9% vs 36.5%) and renal failure (34.7% vs 30.5%) and less from hypertension (29.3% vs 34.0%) and diabetes mellitus (23.2% vs 25.2%) (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in the Charlson comorbidity score between the groups.
Inpatient mortality was significantly higher in CA patients with AF (10.4% vs 6.5%, p<0.001). However, in-patient mortality has been decreasing over the years from 10.3% in 1999 to 7.6% in 2014. Furthermore, cardiogenic shock was significantly higher in CA patients with AF (2.1% vs 1.2%, p<0.001), yet the use of mechanical circulatory support was not significantly different between the groups (0.42% vs 0.35%, p=0.375). Pacemaker implantation was also noted to be higher in CA patients with AF compared to patients without AF (2.8% vs 1.2%, p<0.0001).
There was no significant difference between CA patients with and without AF in mean cost of hospitalization ($58222±10752 vs $57695±545, p=0.081) or length of stay (7.9±0.1 vs 7.7±0.1 days, p=0.7089).
Conclusion
CA with atrial fibrillation is a well-recognized entity, and our large scale retrospective analysis found significant association with worse in-hospital outcomes and cardiogenic shock. Interestingly, trend of in-patient mortality in CA has been decreasing over the years, likely owing to improved imaging modalities for diagnosis. Optimal management of AF in CA is imperative to improve outcomes in this population.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- A Isath
- St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, United States of America
| | - S Perembeti
- St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, United States of America
| | - K Ho
- St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, United States of America
| | - A Correa
- St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, United States of America
| | - S.W Haider
- St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, United States of America
| | - G Siroky
- St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, United States of America
| | - B Narasimhan
- St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, United States of America
| | | | - D Mehta
- St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, United States of America
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15
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Tang L, Ho K, Tam R, Hawkins N, Lim M, Andrade J. Machine learning for predicting AF ablation outcomes using daily heart rhythm data at baseline. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
While numerous studies have shown that catheter ablation is superior to antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) in treating atrial fibrillation (AF), the long term outcomes have been limited by arrhythmia recurrence. Reliable data and methods to predict ablation outcomes will thus be valuable for treatment planning.
Objective
To evaluate the utility of machine learning and various types of input variables, viz. patient characteristics at baseline, and daily heart rhythm data recorded prior to ablation for outcome prediction.
Methods
We acquired permission to analyze data collected from a randomized clinical trial that recorded daily biomeasures from >345 patients who were referred for first catheter ablation due to AF refractory to at least one AAD. After standardizing the dataset, each patient sample is characterized by a set of daily measures, viz. heart rate variability (HRV) and AF burden (AFB), which is the total minutes in AF per day. We next performed comparative analyses on 19 candidate model variants to evaluate each model's ability in identifying patients who were to experience at least one episode of AF recurrence during post-ablation period starting from day 91 up to day 365 post-ablation, per standard guidelines. We examined: i) use of a set of daily biomeasures jointly with baseline sex and age; and ii) observation lengths of the pre-ablation period. We also examined the use of baseline CHA2DS2-VASc scores, left-atrial volume (LAV), atrial diameter, medical history. We conducted multiple sets of 3-fold cross validation (CV) experiments, each fold independently trained a candidate model with 236 samples (two thirds of the dataset) and performed evaluation on the left-out samples. About 50% of cohort belongs to one class. Each fold scored a model and its input variables in terms of sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPEC), area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), etc. To circumvent risks of overfitting highly parameterized models to our training subset, we shortlisted 19 models that have few hyper-parameters, e.g. stepwise regression, random forest (RF), linear discriminant analysis (LDA).
Results
CV results demonstrated that LDA and RF gave comparable performances, with RF achieving highest AUC of 0.68±0.06 using 30 days of rhythm data prior to ablation (SEN of 65.9±7.82; SPEC of 66.3±0.57). When observation period extended to 90 days prior, AUC improved to 0.691±0.02. In contrast, use of LAV alone was not adequate to predict outcome (AUC∼0.5), and when combined with all aforementioned baseline variables, the best model achieved AUC of 0.58±0.05. Feature analyses from the trained models suggest that AFB had highest relevance in predicting outcome. Using only daily AFB, RF and LDA respectively achieved AUC of 0.608±0.04 and 0.652±0.04.
Conclusions
Our results suggest the value of pre-ablation rhythm data for improving outcome-prediction. Future work will validate these findings using large public datasets.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Huawei-Data Science Institute Research Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tang
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - K Ho
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - R Tam
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - N Hawkins
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - M Lim
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J Andrade
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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16
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Isath A, Perembeti S, Correa A, Haider S, Ho K, Rao S, Chahal A, Narasimhan B, Padmanabhan D, Garg V, Contreras J. A nationwide analysis of 16 year trends in cardiac transplantation for acute myocarditis. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) is indicated in 1–8% of patients with myocarditis. However, national trends in the utilization of transplantation and outcomes in myocarditis across the United States are not well established.
Purpose
Our objective was to study the trends and baseline characteristic of myocarditis patients undergoing heart transplant in the United States using Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) National (nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 1999 to 2014.
Methods
Using NIS data, we identified patients older than 18 years with myocarditis using codes ICD9 codes of 422.0 and 422.9. Among these patients, we identified those who underwent cardiac transplantation using ICD9 procedure codes 37.5 and 33.6. We presented categorical data as percentages and continuous data as mean or median as appropriate.
Results
We identified a total of 62,264 hospitalizations for myocarditis from 1999–2014. 430 (0.69%) myocarditis patients underwent OHT which consisted of 0.82% of all 29990 cardiac transplants identified in the same period. The trends in OHT for myocarditis is as shown in Figure 1.
The mean age was 32.9±2.4 years and 51.1% (n=219) were females. 235 (54.6%) were Caucasians and 60 (13.9%) were Hispanic. Majority of the transplants were performed at medium (16%) and large sized hospitals (80.4%). Cardiac transplants were mainly done at teaching hospitals (98.9%). Further, with regards to the geographical distribution of transplant procedure, most were done in the West (37.2%) followed by South (25.3%), Northeast (21.4%) and Mid-west (16%) of the United States. Private insurance was the major payor source which covered 245 (58%) patients followed by Medicaid covering 112 (26%) patients.
A total of 26 (6%) myocarditis patients died during the same hospitalization for OHT. In terms of discharge following OHT in myocarditis 85.8% (n=369) were discharged home and 8.1% (n=35) to short term hospitalization. The average length of stay for OHT for myocarditis was 64.3±6.3 days. Also, the mean cost of hospitalization for heart transplant in myocarditis when adjusted for inflation was 789,566±93,108 dollars.
In-patient mortality following OHT was not significantly different in large sized hospital compared to small and medium sized hospitals (7.6% vs 5.7%, p=0.54). However, the cost of hospitalization was significantly lesser in small and medium sized hospitals (588,363±154,349 vs 826,864±106,110 dollars, p<0.0001).
Conclusions
Only a small percentage of OHT is done for myocarditis with high proportion done in female when compared to OHT for other etiologies. Further studies need to be done to compare long term outcomes of heart transplant in myocarditis.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- A Isath
- St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, United States of America
| | - S Perembeti
- St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, United States of America
| | - A Correa
- St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, United States of America
| | - S Haider
- St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, United States of America
| | - K Ho
- St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, United States of America
| | - S Rao
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - A Chahal
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - B Narasimhan
- St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, United States of America
| | | | - V Garg
- St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, United States of America
| | - J Contreras
- St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, United States of America
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Ho K, Ong H, Ong S. Dual-source Ct Generated Normal Values Of Atrial Function, Cardiac Chamber Sizes & Left Ventricular Mass In An Asian Population. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2020.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Mehta B, Ho K, Bido J, Parks M, Russell L, Goodman S, Ibrahim S. FRI0379 VARIATIONS IN THE UTILIZATION OF BILATERAL TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:A third of knee osteoarthritis presents with bilateral symptomatic arthritis. In these patients, treatment options include either a staged Unilateral Total knee arthroplasty (UTKA) procedure, or a simultaneous Bilateral TKA (BTKA) procedure. Even though literature regarding outcomes in BTKA procedure has not consistently been favorable, it remains popular in select patients due to use of a single anesthetic, shorter overall surgical time, lower cost and lower overall use of narcotics. African Americans (AAs) have lower utilization and worse outcomes in UTKA literature. It is unclear whether these racial variations extend to BTKA.Objectives:We sought to examine BTKA vs UTKA utilization rates and outcomes comparing AA and White patients.Methods:National Inpatient Sample (NIS) - Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) database (2007-2016) was used. We identified all patients ≥ 50 years who underwent elective primary TKA using ICD-9-CM code 81.54 for UTKA and BTKA from January 1, 2012 to September 30, 2015, and ICD-10-CM codes 0SRC0x and 0SRD0x thereafter. Patients with inflammatory arthritis, pathologic fractures, metastatic disease and avascular necrosis were excluded. Major in-hospital complications included post-operative myocardial infarction, prosthetic device complication, surgical wound infection, and venous thromboembolism. Differences in temporal trends in utilization and major in-hospital complications of BTKA vs UTKA were compared between AAs and Whites. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess differences in both these trends between AAs and Whites after adjusting for individual (age, sex, Elixhauser comorbidity index, and morbid obesity), hospital level (hospital volume, bed size, region and teaching status) and community level (median household income) variables. Discharge weights were used to enable nationwide estimates. Multiple imputation was performed for missing race variable (11.9%).Results:From 2007 to 2016, an estimated 276,194 BTKA (unweighted observations 56,675) and 5,528,429 UTKA (unweighted observations 1,131,329) were identified (Table 1). Females had a higher proportion of TKAs performed (62.1% UTKA vs 55.9% BTKA). Patients had fewer comorbidities (measured by the Elixhauser Index) when undergoing BTKA compared to UTKA. The proportion of BTKA amongst all TKAs declined from 5.53% in 2007-08 to 4.03% in 2015-16. AAs continued to have significantly lower proportion of BTKA utilization compared to Whites (4.68% in AAs vs 6.08% in Whites in 2007-08, whereas 3.28% in AAs vs 4.19% in Whites in 2015-16, adjusted p < 0.001) (Figure 1a). In-hospital complication rates for UTKA and BTKA were significantly higher in Whites compared to AAs throughout the study period (0.77% in AAs vs 0.9% in Whites in 2007-08, whereas 0.69% in AAs vs 0.83% in Whites in 2015-16, adjusted p < 0.001) (Figure 1b). The results were similar after imputation of missing race values.Conclusion:In this nationwide sample of patients from 2007 to 2016, we found that AAs have lower utilization rate of BKTA compared to Whites, however the in-hospital complication rates were significantly higher in Whites.References:N/ATable 1.Weighted frequencies and percentages of demographic characteristics among unilateral TKA vs. bilateral TKA (N = 6, 236, 426).VariableUnilateral TKABilateral TKAPaN = 5,528,429(Unweighted N = 1,131,329)N = 276,194(Unweighted N = 56,675)Patient CharacteristicsAge, mean (SD)67.4 (0.02)65.0 (0.06)<.0001Sex: Female, n(%)3,429,484 (62.1)154,442 (55.9)<.0001Race, n(%): White4,051,648 (50.9)212,468 (76.9)<.0001 African American352,933 (6.4)14,441 (5.2) Other464,407 (8.4)16,443 (6.0) Missing659,439 (11.9)32,842 (11.9)Morbid Obesity, n(%)401,892 (7.3)20,411 (7.4)0.47Elixhauser Indexd, n(%):<.0001 0716,559 (13.0)41,550 (15.0) 1-44,484,941 (81.1)220,638 (80.0) ≥ 5326,928 (5.9)14,007 (5.1)Disclosure of Interests:Bella Mehta: None declared, Kaylee Ho: None declared, Jennifer Bido: None declared, Michael Parks Consultant of: Zimmer Biomet, Linda Russell: None declared, Susan Goodman Shareholder of: Reginosine- Investment, Grant/research support from: Novartis, Horizon, Consultant of: Novartis, Celgene, UCB, Said Ibrahim: None declared
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Williams DW, Vuong HE, Kim S, Lenon A, Ho K, Hsiao EY, Sung EC, Kim RH. Indigenous Microbiota Protects against Inflammation-Induced Osteonecrosis. J Dent Res 2020; 99:676-684. [PMID: 32109361 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520908594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a rare intraoral lesion that occurs in patients undergoing long-term and/or high-dose therapy with nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, a RANKL inhibitor, antiangiogenic agents, or mTOR inhibitors. The presence of pathogenic bacteria is highly associated with advanced stages of MRONJ lesions; however, the exact role of indigenous microbes in MRONJ development is unknown. Here, we report that the normal oral flora in mice protects against inflammation-induced osteonecrosis. In mice that developed osteonecrosis following tooth extraction, there was increased bacterial infiltration when compared with healed controls. Antibiotic-mediated oral dysbiosis led to a local inhibition of bone resorption in the presence of ligature-induced periodontitis (LIP). There was no significant difference in empty lacunae, necrotic bone formation, osteoclast number, and surface area in antibiotic-treated as compared with conventionally colonized mice following extraction of healthy teeth after zoledronic acid infusions. However, extraction of LIP teeth led to increased empty lacunae, necrotic bone, and osteoclast surface area in antibiotic- and zoledronic acid-treated mice as compared with conventionally colonized mice. Our findings suggest that the presence of the indigenous microbiota protects against LIP-induced osteonecrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Williams
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H E Vuong
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA Division of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Lenon
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K Ho
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E Y Hsiao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA Division of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E C Sung
- Section of Special Patient Care, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R H Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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20
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Ali U, Lan N, Gilfillan M, Ho K, Pavey W, Dwivedi G, Edelman J, Larbalestier R. 843 Do Preoperative Balloon Pumps Really Make a Difference? Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Ali U, Lan N, Ho K, Dwivedi G, Merry C, Larbalestier R. 618 Additional Benefits of Lipid Lowering Drugs After Cardiac Surgery. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Loong H, Chow C, Ho K, Fung J, Koh J, Chan TC, Leung L, Yeo W, Ma B, Chan S, Hui E, Lee K, Wong A, Lam D, Wong K, Mok ST, To KF. Institutional-based prospective molecular profiling of advanced solid tumours in Hong Kong: A report of 253 cases. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz431.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Wu L, Ho K. 65Utilization of percutaneous left atrial appendage closure in patients with atrial fibrillation in the United States: analysis from national inpatient sample 2016. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Background
In recent years, the percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) has been gaining its popularity in the US. However its use in the US in recent years has not been well described.
Purpose
To provide an updated cross-sectional survey of performance of percutaneous LAAC in the US at national database level.
Methods
We use ICD-10 disease and procedure code to identify all the percutaneous LAAC performed in 2016 in US from national inpatient sample database. The demographic feature, comorbidity, mean time to procedure, mortality, complication rate, length of stay, total cost were described. Procedure related complication Including any vascular, cardiac, respiratory, neurologic and renal complications defined by AHRQ as patient safety indicators.
Results
There is approximately a total of 7550 percutaneous LAAC performed in the US in 2016. The majority of the patients were elderly (mean age 66.83±0.34), white (80.41%) male (59.04%). The mean Charlson Comorbidity Index score is 1.74, with hypertension (76.75%), diabetes (29.23%) being the most common comorbidity. The mean time to procedure is 1.98±0.11 days. The procedure related mortality is 2.06%, whereas the complication rate is 19.6%. The average length of stay is 10.77 day, with an average total cost of 239.67 thousand dollars.
Baseline characterlistisc and outcomes Total percutaneous LAAC (estimated from sample) 7550 Age, years 66.83±0.34 Male, % 59.04 White, % 80.41 Mean Charlson Comorbidity Index 1.74±0.31 Hypertension, % 76.75 Diabetes, % 29.23 CKD, % 21.42 Mean Time to procedure, days 1.98±0.11 Mortality, % 2.06 Length of Stay, days 10.77±0.25 Any Complication, % 19.6 Total Cost, thousand dollars 239.67±10.01 Values are reported as mean ± SD. Categorical variables are represented as frequency.
Conclusion
A total of 7550 percutaneous LAAC was performed in US in 2016. The procedure related mortality is 2.06%, with an average time to procedure of 1.98 days and a length of stay of 10.77 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wu
- Mount Sinai St Luke's and Mount Sinai West Hospital, New York, United States of America
| | - K Ho
- Mount Sinai St Luke's and Mount Sinai West Hospital, New York, United States of America
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24
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Chan C, Inskip J, Kirkham A, Ansermino J, Dumont G, Li L, Ho K, Novak Lauscher H, Ryerson C, Hoens A, Chen T, Garde A, Road J, Camp P. A smartphone oximeter with a fingertip probe for use during exercise training: usability, validity and reliability in individuals with chronic lung disease and healthy controls. Physiotherapy 2019; 105:297-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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25
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Tan S, Chang K, Chin S, Kadir SSA, Cheong S, Then K, Ho K, Cheng Z, Then K. Cytopeutics® umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (Cyto-MSC) for patients with grade II–IV acute graft-versus-host disease: a phase I/II clinical study – protocol overview. Cytotherapy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.03.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Vo T, Ho K, Varzaly J, Ura M. Where Are They Now? An Update on the First Australian Case of Mycobacterium chimaera Infection Following Cardiac Surgery. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Jenkinson C, Merry C, Gilfillan I, Pavey W, Raisis A, Dunne B, Van Laeken E, Vincent V, Baird P, Prince S, Ho K. A Bovine Ex Vivo Model of the Donor Heart: The Effect of Preservation Solutions. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Verma S, Rawat S, Ho K, Wagg C, Zhang L, Oudit G, Marx N, Mayoux E, Lopaschuk GD. P1267Empagliflozin prevention of heart failure development in diabetes is associated with an improvement in cardiac energy producition. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Verma
- St. Michael's Hospital, Surgery, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Rawat
- University of Alberta, Pediatrics, Edmonton, Canada
| | - K Ho
- University of Alberta, Pediatrics, Edmonton, Canada
| | - C Wagg
- University of Alberta, Pediatrics, Edmonton, Canada
| | - L Zhang
- University of Alberta, Pediatrics, Edmonton, Canada
| | - G Oudit
- University of Alberta, Pediatrics, Edmonton, Canada
| | - N Marx
- RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - E Mayoux
- Boehringer-Ingelheim, Ingeheim am Rhein, Germany
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Abstract
Low-molecular-weight (LMW) heparin has recently been used for anti-coagulation in maintenance hemodialysis. The LMW heparin was administered as a single bolus in hemodialysis that usually lasted for four hours or less. The regimen for administering LMW heparin in hemodialysis of longer duration (5 hours or more) is not well documented and manufacturers recommend a supplementary dose equivalent to one-quarter of the initial dose to be given at 4 hours after the commencement of hemodialysis. In this study, we explored whether administering a single dose of LMW heparin is feasible in hemodialysis of longer duration. Maintenance five-hour hemodialysis sessions were performed in nine uremic patients with two different heparin regimens: single dose of LMW heparin (nadroparin) 12,500 ICU AXa at the beginning of dialysis or a priming dose of nadroparin 10,000 ICU AXa at the beginning of dialysis followed by a supplementary dose of nadroparin 2,500 ICU AXa at the beginning of the fifth hour of dialysis. Clots in the airtraps or clotting of the dialyser were not observed in hemodialysis with the single dose heparin regimen. The anti-Xa activities at different time intervals during dialysis were above the therapeutic range of 0.5 U/ml except towards the end of the hemodialysis treatment. There was no difference between anti-Xa activities determined in dialysis sessions using two different regimens of LMW heparin at any individual time interval. The anti-throm-botic effect determined by the area under the time response curve for anti-Xa activity was comparable in the two LMW heparin regimens. Hence, our findings suggest a single bolus dose of LMW heparin (nadroparin) at 12,500 ICU AXa provides adequate, safe, and effective anti-coagulation for five-hour hemodialysis. This practice is convenient and avoids the necessity of administering a double dose of LMW heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.N. Lai
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong - China
| | - K. Ho
- Department of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong - China
| | - M. Li
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong - China
| | - C.C. Szeto
- Department of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong - China
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30
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Wu NC, Wong E, Acca B, Birkmeier J, Tran L, Zhao S, Wong W, Chu VC, Ho K, Malek M, Lu C, Ge G, David K, Quigley NB, Beqaj SS, Davenport S, Weidler J, Bates M, Press M. Abstract P2-03-03: A multicenter clinical study of Xpert® breast cancer STRAT4 demonstrates high concordance with central lab ER, PgR, HER2, and Ki67 IHC and HER2 FISH tests in FFPE breast tumor tissues. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p2-03-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Xpert® Breast Cancer STRAT4 (STRAT4) is a CE-IVD marked, semi-quantitative, cartridge-based RT-qPCR assay for the detection of ESR1, PGR, ERBB2 (HER2), and MKi67 mRNAs from formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) breast tumors. The assay is fast (< 2 hrs), reproducible, robust, and easy to perform.
The aim of this multicenter clinical study was to assess the performance characteristics of the STRAT4 assay relative to central lab immunohistochemistry (IHC) for ER, PgR, HER2, and Ki67 and to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for HER2 gene amplification.
Methods: A total of 200 archived primary invasive breast cancer FFPE blocks were sourced from Indivumed for this study. From each block, twelve (12) adjacent tissue sections (4-µm thickness) on slides were prepared for pathological H&E confirmation to define tumor area, and for testing by STRAT4, IHC (ER, PgR, HER2,Ki67), and HER2 FISH. Standard STRAT4 lysate preparation using a single unstained slide per specimen and testing on N=84, N=68, and N=48 samples was performed at 3 independent sites, respectively (2 US and 1 EU). A single slide from each specimen was also processed using the recommended concentrated lysate procedure for STRAT4 testing at Cepheid. All IHC and FISH testing was performed by a central academic reference laboratory in the US. For a given sample, STRAT4 data generated using the standard lysate procedure was included for concordance analysis when all target gene test results were valid. In cases where the standard lysate preparation yielded indeterminate test results for any target, data from the concentrated lysate preparation was used for the data analysis. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, overall percent agreement (OPA), positive percent agreement (PPA), and negative percent agreement (NPA) between STRAT4 and IHC (IHC/FISH for HER2) were determined for ESR1,PGR, ERBB2, and MKi67.
Results: Of the 200 samples tested by STRAT4, all samples generated valid results for ESR1 and ERBB2, 199 of 200 samples were valid for PGR, and 198 of 200 samples were valid for MKi67 using the standard or concentrated lysate preparation protocol. One sample failed to generate results for both ER and PgR IHC. Twelve samples failed to yield HER2 FISH results.
The STRAT4 success rate and results concordance with IHC were comparable across study sites. OPA between STRAT4 and IHC was 97% for ESR1, 88.9% for PGR, 93.3% for HER2 (92.4% for IHC and FISH), and 90.7% for MKi67 (excluding IHC 10-20% staining). Areas under the ROC curves were 0.9922 for ESR1, 0.9509 for PGR, 0.9958 for ERBB2, and 0.9395 for MKi67.
Conclusion: STRAT4 measurements for ESR1, PGR, ERBB2 and MKi67 mRNA expression are robust and highly concordant with IHC (IHC/FISH for HER2). The technical portion of the assay is easily performed in < 2 hrs including hands-on time using standard FFPE tissue sections. Xpert STRAT4 offers local pathology labs an alternative to centralized, subjective IHC/FISH tests that require a higher level of expertise. Further investigations correlating STRAT4 markers directly with clinical outcomes in independent cohorts are in progress.
Citation Format: Wu NC, Wong E, Acca B, Birkmeier J, Tran L, Zhao S, Wong W, Chu VC, Ho K, Malek M, Lu C, Ge G, David K, Quigley NB, Beqaj SS, Davenport S, Weidler J, Bates M, Press M. A multicenter clinical study of Xpert® breast cancer STRAT4 demonstrates high concordance with central lab ER, PgR, HER2, and Ki67 IHC and HER2 FISH tests in FFPE breast tumor tissues [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-03-03.
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Affiliation(s)
- NC Wu
- Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Indivumed GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; Molecular Pathology Labrotory Network, Maryville, TN; Molecular Testing Lab, Vancouver, WA
| | - E Wong
- Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Indivumed GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; Molecular Pathology Labrotory Network, Maryville, TN; Molecular Testing Lab, Vancouver, WA
| | - B Acca
- Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Indivumed GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; Molecular Pathology Labrotory Network, Maryville, TN; Molecular Testing Lab, Vancouver, WA
| | - J Birkmeier
- Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Indivumed GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; Molecular Pathology Labrotory Network, Maryville, TN; Molecular Testing Lab, Vancouver, WA
| | - L Tran
- Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Indivumed GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; Molecular Pathology Labrotory Network, Maryville, TN; Molecular Testing Lab, Vancouver, WA
| | - S Zhao
- Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Indivumed GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; Molecular Pathology Labrotory Network, Maryville, TN; Molecular Testing Lab, Vancouver, WA
| | - W Wong
- Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Indivumed GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; Molecular Pathology Labrotory Network, Maryville, TN; Molecular Testing Lab, Vancouver, WA
| | - VC Chu
- Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Indivumed GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; Molecular Pathology Labrotory Network, Maryville, TN; Molecular Testing Lab, Vancouver, WA
| | - K Ho
- Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Indivumed GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; Molecular Pathology Labrotory Network, Maryville, TN; Molecular Testing Lab, Vancouver, WA
| | - M Malek
- Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Indivumed GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; Molecular Pathology Labrotory Network, Maryville, TN; Molecular Testing Lab, Vancouver, WA
| | - C Lu
- Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Indivumed GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; Molecular Pathology Labrotory Network, Maryville, TN; Molecular Testing Lab, Vancouver, WA
| | - G Ge
- Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Indivumed GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; Molecular Pathology Labrotory Network, Maryville, TN; Molecular Testing Lab, Vancouver, WA
| | - K David
- Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Indivumed GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; Molecular Pathology Labrotory Network, Maryville, TN; Molecular Testing Lab, Vancouver, WA
| | - NB Quigley
- Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Indivumed GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; Molecular Pathology Labrotory Network, Maryville, TN; Molecular Testing Lab, Vancouver, WA
| | - SS Beqaj
- Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Indivumed GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; Molecular Pathology Labrotory Network, Maryville, TN; Molecular Testing Lab, Vancouver, WA
| | - S Davenport
- Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Indivumed GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; Molecular Pathology Labrotory Network, Maryville, TN; Molecular Testing Lab, Vancouver, WA
| | - J Weidler
- Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Indivumed GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; Molecular Pathology Labrotory Network, Maryville, TN; Molecular Testing Lab, Vancouver, WA
| | - M Bates
- Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Indivumed GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; Molecular Pathology Labrotory Network, Maryville, TN; Molecular Testing Lab, Vancouver, WA
| | - M Press
- Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Indivumed GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; Molecular Pathology Labrotory Network, Maryville, TN; Molecular Testing Lab, Vancouver, WA
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Gupta S, Carvajal-Hausdorf DE, Wasserman BE, Ho K, Weidler J, Wong W, Rhees B, Bates M, Rimm DL. Abstract P2-03-02: Macrodissection prior to closed system RT-qPCR is not necessary for estrogen receptor and HER2 concordance with IHC/FISH in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p2-03-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: An on-demand, closed system RT-qPCR (the GeneXpert system, Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA) has the potential to provide biomarker information in low resourced settings. The system consists of an inexpensive, single-use, disposable, macrofluidic cartridge and an instrument that automates RT-qPCR. Here we use it with a research use only cartridge (STRAT4) that measures the mRNA expression levels of ESR1, PGR, ERBB2, and MKi67 using a single 5uM thick FFPE tissue section from an excisional or core biopsy specimen containing invasive carcinoma of the breast. The assay, results are expressed as a delta cycle threshold (dCt) value, defined as the Ct of a control gene (CYFIP1) minus the Ct of the target gene (ESR1, PGR, ERBB2, or MKi67). We determine whether the dCt result for each marker is equivalent using the entire non-macrodissected section (non m-d) to the dCt results obtained following tumor macro-dissection (m-d) to eliminate non-tumor elements from the assay.
Methods: We evaluated the impact of m-d versus non m-d using STRAT4 on a cohort of 62 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor core needle biopsy specimens with a range of HER2 expression determined by clinical immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (IHC/FISH). Concordance (sensitivity and specificity) of the STRAT4 ESR1 and HER2 mRNA versus ER and HER2 IHC/FISH measurements were also assessed.
Results: We observed excellent agreement of the resulting dCt between the paired samples, m-d versus non m-d, for ESR1 (R2=0.92), PGR (R2=0.90), ERBB2 (R2=0.94) and MKi67 (R2=0.90). No significant difference (P value > 0.99) was observed when we compared the dCt between the paired samples m-d versus non m-d. In addition, using the predefined STRAT4 dCt cutoff for ESR and ERBB2 positivity, we found a significant concordance between RT-qPCR and IHC/FISH for ESR-positivity for the paired samples, m-d (P value < 0.001; sensitivity = 0.98; specificity = 1; PPV = 1; NPV = 0.95) versus non m-d (P value < 0.001; sensitivity = 0.98; specificity = 1; PPV = 1; NPV = 0.95) and HER2-positivity for the paired samples, m-d (P value < 0.001; sensitivity = 0.85; specificity = 0.98; PPV = 0.92; NPV = 0.96) versus non m-d (P value < 0.001; sensitivity = 0.71; specificity = 0.98; PPV = 0.90; NPV = 0.92), respectively.
Conclusion: These data suggest that mRNA for ESR and ERBB2 is sufficiently low in surrounding tissues that m-d of whole sections is not required for accurate assessment of key breast cancer mRNA markers in a closed system RT-qPCR assay. The simplicity of the assay workflow may be particularly valuable in low resourced settings where routine access to pathology expertise and to high quality IHC/FISH is challenging.
Citation Format: Gupta S, Carvajal-Hausdorf DE, Wasserman BE, Ho K, Weidler J, Wong W, Rhees B, Bates M, Rimm DL. Macrodissection prior to closed system RT-qPCR is not necessary for estrogen receptor and HER2 concordance with IHC/FISH in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-03-02.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gupta
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Division of Oncology Research and Development, and Medical and Scientific Affairs and Strategy, Oncology, Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - DE Carvajal-Hausdorf
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Division of Oncology Research and Development, and Medical and Scientific Affairs and Strategy, Oncology, Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - BE Wasserman
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Division of Oncology Research and Development, and Medical and Scientific Affairs and Strategy, Oncology, Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - K Ho
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Division of Oncology Research and Development, and Medical and Scientific Affairs and Strategy, Oncology, Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - J Weidler
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Division of Oncology Research and Development, and Medical and Scientific Affairs and Strategy, Oncology, Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - W Wong
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Division of Oncology Research and Development, and Medical and Scientific Affairs and Strategy, Oncology, Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - B Rhees
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Division of Oncology Research and Development, and Medical and Scientific Affairs and Strategy, Oncology, Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - M Bates
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Division of Oncology Research and Development, and Medical and Scientific Affairs and Strategy, Oncology, Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - DL Rimm
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Division of Oncology Research and Development, and Medical and Scientific Affairs and Strategy, Oncology, Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
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Inskip JA, Lauscher HN, Li LC, Dumont GA, Garde A, Ho K, Hoens AM, Road JD, Ryerson CJ, Camp PG. Patient and health care professional perspectives on using telehealth to deliver pulmonary rehabilitation. Chron Respir Dis 2017; 15:71-80. [PMID: 28569116 PMCID: PMC5802656 DOI: 10.1177/1479972317709643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the necessary features of pulmonary telerehabilitation (P-TR) from the perspectives of individuals living with chronic lung disease and health care professionals (HCPs) who deliver pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Focus groups were carried out with patients (n = 26) and HCPs (n = 26) to elicit and explore their opinions about the critical elements of in-person PR and ideas for how these elements could be supported using technology. A questionnaire was used to assess technology use, PR experience, and general health status. Four key elements of PR were identified as critical to P-TR: the social aspect of PR; communicating with HCPs for education and support; using biosensors for monitoring and promoting self-knowledge; and the evolution of support with progress over time. A range of technology-enabled devices and programs were suggested as means to recreate aspects of these integral elements. Consultations with patients and HCPs suggest that users are interested in technology and want to ensure it recreates the important aspects of PR. Patients and HCPs identified similar key elements for P-TR. The opinions and suggestions of patients and HCPs should be the driving force of innovation if P-TR is to succeed in improving health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Inskip
- 1 Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,2 Department of Physical Therapy, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - H Novak Lauscher
- 3 Digital Emergency Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - L C Li
- 2 Department of Physical Therapy, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,4 Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, Canada
| | - G A Dumont
- 5 Electrical and Computer Engineering, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
| | - A Garde
- 5 Electrical and Computer Engineering, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
| | - K Ho
- 3 Digital Emergency Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A M Hoens
- 2 Department of Physical Therapy, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J D Road
- 6 Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C J Ryerson
- 1 Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,7 Providence Health Care, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P G Camp
- 1 Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,2 Department of Physical Therapy, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,7 Providence Health Care, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Ho K, Jegathesan T, Fung K, Young E, Minhas R, Huber J. ANTICIPATORY GUIDANCE FOR THE PREVENTION OF PEDIATRIC DEATHS DUE TO HEAT STROKE CAUSED BY BEING LEFT UNATTENDED IN VEHICLES. Paediatr Child Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxx086.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Brock JE, Milner DA, Ho K, Natalie W, Victor C, Annaliza R, Teresa B, Kathryn GF, Edwin LW, Jodi W, Wendy W, Michael B. Abstract P2-05-07: Comparison of the Xpert breast cancer stratifier mRNA assay with central ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67 immunohistochemistry (IHC) for rapid biomarker analysis in developing countries. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p2-05-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Breast cancer care in the developing world is limited by access to quality ER and HER2 IHC diagnostic assays needed to justify hormone and HER2 therapeutics. Shipping pathology specimens to a central testing site often out of country delays therapy and is costly. The Xpert Breast Cancer Stratifier assay makes quantitative measurements of ESR1, PGR, ERBB2, and MKi67 mRNAs from FFPE specimens in <2 hours on an easy-to-use automated diagnostic platform, the GeneXpert (GX). 10,000 GX machines are currently in use in 182 countries offering the possibility of a point-of-care solution. We compared concordance in tumor samples between IHC and mRNA intending to challenge the limits of the GX mRNA assay.
83 breast tumor samples were chosen including those with low cellularity, small volume disease, unusual subtypes, ER- tumors with surrounding benign epithelium, and low level HER2+ tumors. mRNA, IHC and FISH assays were performed. Slides were tested following macrodissection of invasive carcinoma and as non-macrodissected whole sections. GX measurements for Ki67 were compared with mitotic rate as an alternative to Ki67 IHC.
Overall percent agreement following macrodissection was 95% for ER, 89% for HER2, 76% for PR, and 80% for Ki67 (>20% positive cut), and using whole section, 99% for ER, 80% for PR, 92% for HER2, and 73% for Ki67. Concordance was 92% for both macrodissection and whole section using mitotic rate to assess proliferation. Ignoring HER2 2+ calls which represented low level amplified tumors by FISH, the concordance rates were 95% for macrodissection and 99% for whole section. Discordance when testing long-term stored 4μm sections was resolved in a number of cases by using a fresh cut from the FFPE block. Half the ER discrepancies were in very small volume tumors ≤25mm2 and 75% were classified as ER-ve by IHC, and positive by Stratifier. 80% of ER IHC- cases were appropriately identified as ER- by the Stratifier in the presence of benign breast epithelium. HER2+ DCIS adjacent to HER2- invasive tumor resulted in a discrepant HER2 mRNA result even with macrodissection. No ER or HER2 discrepancies occurred in low cellularity tumors (≤30% cellularity) nor in lobular and mucinous subtypes.
In a study intended to challenge an mRNA breast biomarker assay, concordance between mRNA results and IHC was high for ER and HER2, the two most important prognostic markers needed for therapeutic decision making. Use of whole sections rather than tumor macrodissection did not decrease concordance. Discrepant ER cases were more prevalent when analyzing low volumes of tumor and in this setting were seen in ER IHC- tumors surrounded by ER+ normal epithelium, or with weak IHC expression, highlighting predictable limitations of the assay. Concordance was better between Ki67 mRNA and mitotic rate than with IHC. Re-test data suggested that a fresh cut of the FFPE block yields the best results by GX, perhaps due to mRNA degradation in stored 4μm sections. The Xpert Breast Cancer Stratifier may provide a rapid, cost-effective solution to the problem of obtaining accurate diagnostic results at the point-of-care in low resource settings, and deserves further evaluation in developing countries.
Citation Format: Brock JE, Milner DA, Ho K, Natalie W, Victor C, Annaliza R, Teresa B, Kathryn G-F, Edwin LW, Jodi W, Wendy W, Michael B. Comparison of the Xpert breast cancer stratifier mRNA assay with central ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67 immunohistochemistry (IHC) for rapid biomarker analysis in developing countries [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-05-07.
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Affiliation(s)
- JE Brock
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - DA Milner
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - K Ho
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - W Natalie
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - C Victor
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - R Annaliza
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - B Teresa
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - G-F Kathryn
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - LW Edwin
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - W Jodi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - W Wendy
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - B Michael
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
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Wasserman B, Carvajal-Hausdorf D, Ho K, Wong W, Wu N, Chu VC, Lai EW, Weidler JM, Bates M, Neumenister V, Rimm DL. Abstract P1-03-07: High concordance of a closed system, near point of care, RT-qPCR breast cancer assay for HER2 (ERBB2) mRNA compared to both IHC/FISH and quantitative immunofluorescence. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p1-03-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Reliable assessment of HER2 receptor status in breast cancer by either IHC or FISH does not unequivocally define receptor expression, due to their semi-quantitative nature, and as many as 10-15% of cases fall into the ASCO/CAP “equivocal” category. Historically, RNA measurements by PCR, including using several commercially available platforms, have been tested, but have not gained broad acceptance for assessment of HER2. However, RNA measurement, as a continuous value, has potential for use for adjudication of the equivocal category. In the current study, we used a real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay (GeneXpert® Breast Cancer Stratifier RUO Assay, Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) for ERBB2 (HER2) mRNA on the GeneXpert® (GX) platform (Cepheid), which utilizes a closed-system, single-use cartridge, automated system. The RT-qPCR results from GX were then compared with results from clinical HER2 IHC/FISH assays following ASCO/CAP 2013 HER2 testing guidelines (Wolff et al JCO 2013) and quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF).
Methods
Multiple cores (1mm in diameter) were retrospectively collected from 80 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks with invasive breast cancer seen by Yale Pathology Labs between 1998 and 2011. Tissue cores were processed as lysates for testing at Yale in the automated GX assay. Briefly, gene-specific reverse transcription was performed, followed by RT-qPCR (TaqMan) and ERBB2 mRNA results were expressed as the difference in cycle threshold values (delta Ct) between the endogenous control transcript (CYFIP1) and the ERBB2 mRNA transcript. Results from IHC and FISH were extracted from the pathology reports for the Yale CLIA lab and QIF for each case was measured as previously described (Carvajal et al, JNCI 2015).
Results
Quality control testing showed that the GX platform shows no case to case cross contamination on material from routine histology practices. Concordance between RT-qPCR and IHC/FISH was 91.25% (sensitivity = 0.87; specificity = 0.94; PPV = 0.89; NPV = 0.92) using a pre-defined delta Ct cut-off (dCt ≥ -1) for HER2 (+) based on prior concordance studies with HER2 IHC/FISH. Concordance between RT-qPCR and QIF was 99% (sensitivity = 0.97; specificity = 1.0; PPV = 1.0; NPV = 0.98) using dCt ≥ -1 and the pre-defined cut-point for positivity by QIF.
Conclusions
The GX closed system RT-qPCR assay shows greater than 90% concordance with the ASCO/CAP 2013 HER2 IHC/FISH scoring. Additionally, the GX RT-qPCR assay is highly concordant (99%) with the continuous variable HER2 QIF assay, and may better reflect the true continuum of HER2 receptor status in invasive breast cancer. These initial results suggest that rapid, closed system molecular assays may have future value for the adjudication of the ASCO/CAP HER2 equivocal category. This pilot study did not include ASCO/CAP 2013 “equivocal” cases, but that effort is underway.
Citation Format: Wasserman B, Carvajal-Hausdorf D, Ho K, Wong W, Wu N, Chu VC, Lai EW, Weidler JM, Bates M, Neumenister V, Rimm DL. High concordance of a closed system, near point of care, RT-qPCR breast cancer assay for HER2 (ERBB2) mRNA compared to both IHC/FISH and quantitative immunofluorescence [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-03-07.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wasserman
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | | | - K Ho
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - W Wong
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - N Wu
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - VC Chu
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - EW Lai
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - JM Weidler
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - M Bates
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - V Neumenister
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - DL Rimm
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA
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Dong F, Yue GQ, Guo YR, Qiao C, Wang ZY, Zheng YX, Zhang RJ, Sun Y, Su WS, Kramer MJ, Wang SY, Wang CZ, Ho K, Chen LY. Si-centered capped trigonal prism ordering in liquid Pd82Si18 alloy study by first-principles calculations. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28232f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Distribution of trigonal prism capped with three half-octahedra (orange clusters), archimedean anti-prism (green ones) and icosahedron (blue ones) clusters in Pd82Si18 at different temperature (a) 900 K, (b) 1216 K. (c) Connection way of different clusters, and pink ones are the sharing atoms.
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ESICM LIVES 2016: part two. Intensive Care Med Exp 2016. [PMCID: PMC5042923 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-016-0099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Lee O, Ho K, Soong B. Intravenous Administration of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Patients with Cerebellar Ataxias: A Phase I/IIa Clinical Trial. Cytotherapy 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Allen DB, Backeljauw P, Bidlingmaier M, Biller BMK, Boguszewski M, Burman P, Butler G, Chihara K, Christiansen J, Cianfarani S, Clayton P, Clemmons D, Cohen P, Darendeliler F, Deal C, Dunger D, Erfurth EM, Fuqua JS, Grimberg A, Haymond M, Higham C, Ho K, Hoffman AR, Hokken-Koelega A, Johannsson G, Juul A, Kopchick J, Lee P, Pollak M, Radovick S, Robison L, Rosenfeld R, Ross RJ, Savendahl L, Saenger P, Sorensen HT, Stochholm K, Strasburger C, Swerdlow A, Thorner M. GH safety workshop position paper: a critical appraisal of recombinant human GH therapy in children and adults. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 174:P1-9. [PMID: 26563978 PMCID: PMC4674592 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human GH (rhGH) has been in use for 30 years, and over that time its safety and efficacy in children and adults has been subject to considerable scrutiny. In 2001, a statement from the GH Research Society (GRS) concluded that 'for approved indications, GH is safe'; however, the statement highlighted a number of areas for on-going surveillance of long-term safety, including cancer risk, impact on glucose homeostasis, and use of high dose pharmacological rhGH treatment. Over the intervening years, there have been a number of publications addressing the safety of rhGH with regard to mortality, cancer and cardiovascular risk, and the need for long-term surveillance of the increasing number of adults who were treated with rhGH in childhood. Against this backdrop of interest in safety, the European Society of Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE), the GRS, and the Pediatric Endocrine Society (PES) convened a meeting to reappraise the safety of rhGH. The ouput of the meeting is a concise position statement.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Allen
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - P Backeljauw
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - M Bidlingmaier
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - B M K Biller
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - M Boguszewski
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - P Burman
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - G Butler
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - K Chihara
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - J Christiansen
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - S Cianfarani
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - P Clayton
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - D Clemmons
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - P Cohen
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - F Darendeliler
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - C Deal
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - D Dunger
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - E M Erfurth
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - J S Fuqua
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - A Grimberg
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - M Haymond
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - C Higham
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - K Ho
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - A R Hoffman
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - A Hokken-Koelega
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - G Johannsson
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - A Juul
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - J Kopchick
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - P Lee
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - M Pollak
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - S Radovick
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - L Robison
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - R Rosenfeld
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - R J Ross
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - L Savendahl
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - P Saenger
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - H T Sorensen
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - K Stochholm
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - C Strasburger
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - A Swerdlow
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
| | - M Thorner
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, Wisconsin, USACincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USAMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Munich, GermanyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, UKFederal University of ParanaCuritiba, BrazilDepartment of EndocrinologySkane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenUniversity College London Hospitaland UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKHyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical CenterHyogo, JapanAarhus University HospitalAarhus, DenmarkMolecular Endocrinology Unit'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, ItalyUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UKUNC School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USAUSC Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USAIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul, TurkeyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Ste-JustineMontreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, UKIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana, USAPerelman School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas, USAChristie Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UKPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaStanford University School of MedicineStanford, California, AustraliaErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologySahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRCRigshospitalet, København, DenmarkEdison Biotechnology InstituteOhio University, Athens, Ohio, USAPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USAMcGill UniversityLondon, UKJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylan
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Chen Y, Sun Y, Pan X, Ho K, Li G. Joint distraction attenuates osteoarthritis by reducing secondary inflammation, cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone aberrant change. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:1728-35. [PMID: 26028135 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disorder. To date, there is not effective medical therapy. Joint distraction has given us hope for slowing down the OA progression. In this study, we investigated the benefits of joint distraction in OA rat model and the probable underlying mechanisms. METHODS OA was induced in the right knee joint of rats through anterior cruciate ligament transaction (ACLT) plus medial meniscus resection. The animals were randomized into three groups: two groups were treated with an external fixator for a subsequent 3 weeks, one with and one without joint distraction; and one group without external fixator as OA control. Serum interleukin-1β level was evaluated by ELISA; cartilage quality was assessed by histology examinations (gross appearance, Safranin-O/Fast green stain) and immunohistochemistry examinations (MMP13, Col X); subchondral bone aberrant changes was analyzed by micro-CT and immunohistochemistry (Nestin, Osterix) examinations. RESULTS Characters of OA were present in the OA group, contrary to in general less severe damage after distraction treatment: firstly, IL-1β level was significantly decreased; secondly, cartilage degeneration was attenuated with lower histologic damage scores and the lower percentage of MMP13 or Col X positive chondrocytes; finally, subchondral bone abnormal change was attenuated, with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume/total tissue volume (BV/TV) and the number of Nestin or Osterix positive cells in the subchondral bone. CONCLUSION In the present study, we demonstrated that joint distraction reduced the level of secondary inflammation, cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone aberrant change, joint distraction may be a strategy for slowing OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Y Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - X Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Bao-An District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - K Ho
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China.
| | - G Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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Butson M, Carroll S, Whitaker M, Odgers D, Martin D, Hinds S, Kader J, Ho K, Amos S, Toohey J. SU-E-T-373: Evaluation and Reduction of Contralateral Skin /subcutaneous Dose for Tangential Breast Irradiation. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Vossel KA, Xu J, Fomenko V, Miyamoto T, Suberbielle E, Knox J, Ho K, Kim D, Yu G, Mucke L. Tau reduction prevents Aß-induced axonal transport deficits by blocking activation of GSK3ß. J Exp Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1084/jem.2125oia25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Remedios L, Ho K, Last J, Anderson C, Walmsley D, Davies W, Fytiwar A, Lu Y, Lee L, Zou R, Cutts E, Torres E, Khatoon B, Voisine C. An international and interprofessional exploration of health professional educator and student use of social media. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shubhakaran K, Khichar RJ, Ho K, Lawn N, Bynevelt M, Lee J, Dunne J. Neuroimaging of first-ever seizure: Contribution of MRI if CT is normal. Neurol Clin Pract 2014; 4:372. [DOI: 10.1212/01.cpj.0000455828.60011.1d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Thomson D, Ho K, Ashcroft L, Denton K, Mais K, Garcez K, Yap B, Lee L, Sykes A, Rowbottom C, Slevin N. Dose Intensified Hypofractionated IMRT With Synchronous Cetuximab for Intermediate-Stage Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC): Results From the Phase 1/2 INTENSE Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Honeybul S, Ho K. Decompressive craniectomy for neurological emergencies—An update for nurses. Aust Crit Care 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Sethi NK, Ho K, Lawn N, Bynevelt M, Lee J, Dunne J. Neuroimaging of first-ever seizure: Contribution of MRI if CT is normal. Neurol Clin Pract 2014; 4:2. [DOI: 10.1212/01.cpj.0000442688.05566.eb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Weir FA, Foxall P, Alugupally S, Satya M, Ho K, Lee A. P2.014 Development and Analytical Performance of New CT/NG Nucleic Acid Amplified Test (NAAT). Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Clark J, Alves S, Gundlah C, Rocha B, Birzin E, Cai SJ, Flick R, Hayes E, Ho K, Warrier S, Pai L, Yudkovitz J, Fleischer R, Colwell L, Li S, Wilkinson H, Schaeffer J, Wilkening R, Mattingly E, Hammond M, Rohrer S. Selective estrogen receptor-beta (SERM-beta) compounds modulate raphe nuclei tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (TPH-1) mRNA expression and cause antidepressant-like effects in the forced swim test. Neuropharmacology 2012; 63:1051-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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