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Krishnamurthy K, Choudhuri J, Ramesh KH, Wang Y. MPO Expression of Background Neutrophils in MPO Negative Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia, An Easy Clue to Corroborate a Challenging Diagnosis: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Case Rep Hematol 2023; 2023:7979261. [PMID: 38170104 PMCID: PMC10761215 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7979261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by the pathogenic driver fusion transcript PML-RARA resulting from the t(15;17) translocation. Early recognition of APL with prompt ATRA induction has a decisive impact on the early death rate. The preliminary diagnosis of APL relies heavily on cytomorphology and flow cytometry. In APL with variant morphology, such as the microgranular variant, immunophenotype, especially the bright MPO positivity is the basis of diagnosis. Till date, only five cases of APL with reduced/absent MPO have been described in literature. The identification of MPO deficiency based on genetic testing would involve at the least a MPO gene scanning with NGS, followed by microarray to identify somatic uniparental disomy in heterozygotes. This testing is not only redundant given the scant clinical implications of heterozygous MPO deficiency but also time consuming. An easy way to identify background MPO deficiency confounding the immunophenotype of a myeloid neoplasm is the MPO expression in background neutrophils gated on the initial flow cytometry. A dim MPO in the background neutrophils, in the morphological setting of APL, can identify underlying MPO deficiency, clarifying the immunophenotypic ambiguity and thus establishing an unequivocal diagnosis as seen in the current case.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jui Choudhuri
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - K. H. Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
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Harris B, Singh DK, Verma M, Fahl SP, Rhodes M, Sprinkle SR, Wang M, Zhang Y, Perrigoue J, Kessel R, Peri S, West J, Giricz O, Boultwood J, Pellagatti A, Ramesh KH, Montagna C, Pradhan K, Tyner JW, Kennedy BK, Holinstat M, Steidl U, Sykes S, Verma A, Wiest DL. Ribosomal protein control of hematopoietic stem cell transformation through direct, non-canonical regulation of metabolism. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.31.543132. [PMID: 37398007 PMCID: PMC10312568 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.31.543132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
We report here that expression of the ribosomal protein, RPL22, is frequently reduced in human myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML); reduced RPL22 expression is associated with worse outcomes. Mice null for Rpl22 display characteristics of an MDS-like syndrome and develop leukemia at an accelerated rate. Rpl22-deficient mice also display enhanced hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and obstructed differentiation potential, which arises not from reduced protein synthesis but from increased expression of the Rpl22 target, ALOX12, an upstream regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO). The increased FAO mediated by Rpl22-deficiency also persists in leukemia cells and promotes their survival. Altogether, these findings reveal that Rpl22 insufficiency enhances the leukemia potential of HSC via non-canonical de-repression of its target, ALOX12, which enhances FAO, a process that may serve as a therapeutic vulnerability of Rpl22 low MDS and AML leukemia cells. Highlights RPL22 insufficiency is observed in MDS/AML and is associated with reduced survivalRpl22-deficiency produces an MDS-like syndrome and facilitates leukemogenesisRpl22-deficiency does not impair global protein synthesis by HSCRpl22 controls leukemia cell survival by non-canonical regulation of lipid oxidation eTOC: Rpl22 controls the function and transformation potential of hematopoietic stem cells through effects on ALOX12 expression, a regulator of fatty acid oxidation.
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Narvel HG, Kim SY, Shokrekhuda AM, Cohen PR, Ramesh KH, Solomon SR, Paik PK, Halmos B. Orthogonal Testing Unravels a Novel ROS1 Oncogenic Fusion Variant ( ROS1-GPM6A): A Practical Approach to Molecular Testing for Actionable Fusion Variants. JCO Precis Oncol 2023; 7:e2200593. [PMID: 37027811 DOI: 10.1200/po.22.00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiba G Narvel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Aspan M Shokrekhuda
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Perry R Cohen
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - K H Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Paul K Paik
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Balazs Halmos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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Zhang X, Shi Y, Ramesh KH, Naeem R, Wang Y. Karyotypic complexity, TP53 pathogenic variants, and increased number of variants on Next-Generation Sequencing are associated with disease progression in a North American Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma cohort. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 43:651-657. [PMID: 33988304 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive T-cell malignancy without known characteristic cytogenetic abnormalities. Recurrent mutations in TP53, APC, and epigenetic and histone-modifying genes have been identified in North American ATLL. Their roles in disease progression are not yet fully elucidated. METHODS We studied the cytogenetic and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) findings of the North American ATLL cohort at our institution and compared the findings with Japanese and other North American cohorts. We also analyzed the genetic variants in TP53, APC, and histone-modifying genes and investigated the impact of their mutations on the number of mutations via NGS in ATLL. RESULTS Cases with more than 6 chromosomal breaks (n = 13) had significantly shorter overall survival compared to cases with fewer chromosomal breaks (n = 7) (P = .0007). Cases with breaks on chromosome 3q (n = 4) exhibited worse survival compared to the rest of the cases (n = 16) (P = .012). Chromosomal abnormalities on 3q, 14q, 1q, 1p, and 17q are likely primary changes in ATLL based on frequency and association with prognosis. The average number of mutations via NGS was significantly higher in cases with mutations in TP53 (n = 8) (P = .020) as well as APC (n = 6) (P = .024) compared to cases without mutations in these genes. All TP53 variants were pathogenic missense and truncating mutations in COSMIC database. CONCLUSION Cytogenetic and NGS methods are useful tools to monitor disease progression in indolent ATLL and assess prognosis in aggressive ATLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - K H Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rizwan Naeem
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Hu S, Wong K, Ramesh KH, Villanueva-Siles E, Panarelli N, In H. Diffuse, Aggressive Metastatic Progression after Minimally Invasive Local Resection of Primary Gastric Synovial Sarcoma: a Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature. J Gastrointest Cancer 2019; 50:116-122. [PMID: 28660525 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-017-9979-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Hu
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 E 210th St, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
| | - Kristen Wong
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Block Building room 112, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - K H Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 E 210th St, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
| | - Esperanza Villanueva-Siles
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 E 210th St, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
| | - Nicole Panarelli
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 E 210th St, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
| | - Haejin In
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Block Building room 112, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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Abstract
Ring chromosome 18 has a highly variable phenotype, depending on the extent of distal arm deletions. It is most commonly presented as a combination of 18p- and distal 18q- syndrome. IgA deficiency and autoimmune diseases have been previously described in these patients. Seven cases of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) have been reported. Here we report the first case of late onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a 32 year old Dominican woman with hypothyroidism, vitiligo, IgA deficiency, interstitial lung disease (ILD), cystic bronchiectasis, and features consistent with ringed 18, 18p- and distal 18q syndrome. The multiple autoimmune findings in our patient lends further support to the idea of loci on chromosome 18 playing a role in autoimmune disease expression. Late onset RA and ILD in a patient with chromosome 18 abnormalities are novel findings and are additional conditions to be aware of in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Chau
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York City, NY, USA
| | - K H Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Anand D Jagannath
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Shitij Arora
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York City, NY, USA
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Maleki S, Cajigas A, Moss J, Ramesh KH, Khader S. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of prostate synovial sarcoma: A case report and review of the literature. Diagn Cytopathol 2016; 45:168-172. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.23623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Maleki
- Department of Pathology; Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; New York
| | - Antonio Cajigas
- Department of Pathology; Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; New York
| | - Jason Moss
- Department of Pathology; Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; New York
| | | | - Samer Khader
- Department of Pathology; Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; New York
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Ma D, Marion R, Punjabi NP, Pereira E, Samanich J, Agarwal C, Li J, Huang CK, Ramesh KH, Cannizzaro LA, Naeem R. A de novo 10.79 Mb interstitial deletion at 2q13q14.2 involving PAX8 causing hypothyroidism and mullerian agenesis: a novel case report and literature review. Mol Cytogenet 2014; 7:85. [PMID: 25484916 PMCID: PMC4256837 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-014-0085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports of interstitial deletions involving proximal long arm of chromosome 2 are limited. Based on early chromosomal analysis studies, the phenotypic consequence of deletions at the ancestral chromosome fusion site at chromosome 2q13q14.1 remains unclear. A recurrent 1.71 Mb deletion at 2q13 has recently been proposed as a new genomic disorder, associated with an increased risk of intellectual disability and craniofacial dysmorphism. Herein, we report the case of a 12 year-old girl with unique clinical features including global developmental delay, mullerian agenesis, and hypothyroidism associated with a normal size and position of the thyroid gland, as well as negative thyroid antibodies. Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization study revealed a de novo 10.79 Mb deletion at 2q13q14.2 (111,548,932–122,336,492), which involves more than 88 UCSC genes, 38 of which are OMIM genes, 7 of which are disease-causing and 3 of which (including GLI2, IL1B and PAX8) show a dominant inheritance pattern.. Interestingly, PAX8 (chr2:113,973,574–114,036,498), a member of the paired-box gene family, is essential for the formation of thyroxine-producing follicular cells. Autosomal dominant transmission of congenital thyroid hypoplasia due to loss-of-function mutation of PAX8 suggests a possible haploinsufficiency effect. Additionally, PAX8 is also expressed in the tissue primordia that form both the mullerian duct derivatives and the upper urinary tracts. A recent study has associated a novel PAX8 mutation with a severe form of hypothyroidism and abnormalities in the urogenital tract. Taken together, the unique clinical manifestation seen in this patient could be attributed to the heterozygous deletion of PAX8 gene. A prospective investigation is merited to fully evaluate the pathogenic effect of the interstitial deletion of 2q13q14.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiong Ma
- Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics Lab, Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1635 Poplar Street, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Robert Marion
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY USA
| | | | - Elaine Pereira
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Joy Samanich
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Chhavi Agarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Jianli Li
- Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics Lab, Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1635 Poplar Street, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Chih-Kang Huang
- Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics Lab, Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1635 Poplar Street, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - K H Ramesh
- Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics Lab, Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1635 Poplar Street, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Linda A Cannizzaro
- Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics Lab, Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1635 Poplar Street, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Rizwan Naeem
- Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics Lab, Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1635 Poplar Street, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
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Jain R, Sridharan A, Yu Y, Ramesh KH, Gundabolu K, Friedman E, Verma A. Epidemiologic study of myelodysplastic syndromes in a racially diverse inner-city population. J Clin Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.7125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7125 Background: The International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) and the revised IPSS (IPSS-R) are used to assess prognosis after diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). They are based on cytogenetics, bone marrow (BM) blasts, and number and degree of cytopenias. This retrospective analysis examined racial disparities in the presentation and survival of MDS patients (pts) in Bronx, NY. Methods: MDS pts treated at the Einstein/Montefiore system between 1997-2011 were included. Diagnosis was confirmed by review of BM biopsy. Demographics, cytogenetics (for 135/161 pts), blood counts, and BM blasts at diagnosis were collected. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for median survival estimates. The two-sample t-test and chi-square analysis were used to compare clinical variables between groups. Results: 161 pts with MDS were identified. Mean length of follow-up was 3.66 years (yrs). There were significant differences between mean age at diagnosis between Hispanics and African-Americans (66.5 vs 72.3 yrs, p<0.05) and Hispanics and whites (66.5 vs 73.1 yrs, p<0.05). There was also significantly increased thrombocytopenia at diagnosis in Hispanics (p<0.05, when compared to non-Hispanics). Median survival decreased with higher risk among IPSS groups, however, the intermediate risk group in IPSS-R had a longer median survival (9 yrs) than all other risk groups. Conclusions: The cohort used to validate prognostic risk with IPSS and IPSS-R was primarily Caucasian. In our minority rich inner-city population, Hispanics presented with MDS earlier and with more thrombocytopenia. IPSS was a stronger predictor of survival than IPSS-R as the IPSS-R intermediate risk group had better survival than lower risk groups. Larger studies should be conducted to assess the applicability of IPSS-R in minority rich populations. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Jain
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Ashwin Sridharan
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Yiting Yu
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Bronx, NY
| | - K H Ramesh
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bronx, NY
| | - Krishna Gundabolu
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Ellen Friedman
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Amit Verma
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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Adiga GU, Ramesh KH, Tong TR, Jodlowski T. Aneuploidy and neoplasia: Case of recurrent polysomy occurring at different times. J Clin Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e22196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e22196 Background: Recurring polysomies in diverse tumors at different times may suggest common neoplastic mechanisms. Following case demonstrates similar polysomies in breast, endometrial and cholangiocarcinoma arising at different times. Methods: A 79-year-old African American female was diagnosed poorly differentiated cholangiocarcinoma. Tumor markers (CEA, AFP, CA19-9) were normal. FISH analysis with D3Z1 (centromere 3), D7Z1 (centromere 7), CDKN2A (9p21) and D17Z1 (centromere 17) DNA probes (Abbott Molecular, IL. USA) revealed polysomy of chromosomes 3, 7, 9 and 17. Oncology history includes tumors noted in the table. Medical history includes aortic aneurysm, hypertension, IPF, obesity, CKD, DJD, cholecystectomy and adjuvant tamoxifen. She was never pregnant, non smoker non alcoholic and no prior chemical exposures. Her maternal aunt had unclear pelvic cancer at 70. Her niece had duodenal cancer in 40s. Possible common initiating neoplastic mechanism or predisposition was speculated in view of multiple tumors. Archived specimens of previous tumors were tested using the same FISH probe set. Results: Similar pattern of aneuploidy was noted in cholandiocarcinoma, DCIS and endometrial polyp specimen and no such abnormalities in parathyroid adenoma and in normal tissue. Conclusions: Occurrences of similar polysomy in tumors originating from diverse tissues at different times but not in normal tissue suggest common predisposition and/or similar, nonrandom, neoplastic molecular events. Uncommon and previously not described polysomy pattern was noted in DCIS and in endometrial polyp. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K H Ramesh
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bronx, NY
| | - Tommy R Tong
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
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Pope K, Samanich J, Ramesh KH, Cannizzaro L, Pan Q, Babcock M. Dextrocardia, atrial septal defect, severe developmental delay, facial anomalies, and supernumerary ribs in a child with a complex unbalanced 8;22 translocation including partial 8p duplication. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:641-7. [PMID: 22302699 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We report on a child with dextrocardia, atrial septal defect (ASD), severe developmental delay, hypotonia, 13 pairs of ribs, left preauricular choristoma, hirsutism, and craniofacial abnormalities. Prenatal cytogenetic evaluation showed karyotype 46,XY,?dup(8p)ish del(8)pter. Postnatal array CGH demonstrated a 6.8 Mb terminal deletion at 8p23.3-p23, an interstitial 31.1 Mb duplication within 8p23.1-p11, and a terminal duplication of 0.24 Mb at 22q13.33, refining the karyotype to 46,XY,der(8)dup(8)(p23.1p11.1)t(8;22)(p23.1;q13.1).ish der(8)dup(8)(p23.1p11.1)t(8;22)(p23.1;q13.1) (D8S504-,MS607 + ,ARSA + ,D8Z1 + , RP115713 + +). Previous reports of distal 8p deletion, 8p duplication, and distal 22q duplication have shown similar manifestations, including congenital heart disease, intellectual impairment, and multiple minor anomalies. We correlate the patient's clinical findings with these particular areas of copy number. This case study supports the use of aCGH to identify subtle chromosomal rearrangement in infants with cardiac malformation as their most significant or only apparent birth defect. Additionally, it illustrates why aCGH is essential in the description of chromosome rearrangements, even those seemingly visible via routine karyotype. This method shows that there is often greater complexity submicroscopically, essential to an adequate understanding of a patient's genotype and phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Pope
- Department of Pediatrics, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10467, USA
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Wolgast LR, Cannizzarro LA, Ramesh KH, Xue X, Wang D, Bhattacharyya PK, Gong JZ, McMahon C, Albanese JM, Sunkara JL, Ratech H. Spectrin isoforms: differential expression in normal hematopoiesis and alterations in neoplastic bone marrow disorders. Am J Clin Pathol 2011; 136:300-8. [PMID: 21757604 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpsa5rnm9igfjf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Spectrins are large, rod-like, multifunctional molecules that participate in maintaining cell structure, signal transmission, and DNA repair. Because little is known about the role of spectrins in normal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis, we immunohistochemically stained bone marrow biopsy specimens from 81 patients for αI, αII, βI, and βII spectrin isoforms in normal reactive marrow (NRM), myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative neoplasm, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with well-characterized cytogenetic abnormalities, acute erythroid leukemia (EryL), and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (MegL). In NRM, spectrin isoforms were differentially expressed according to cell lineage: αI and βI in erythroid precursors; αII and βII in granulocytes; and βI and βII in megakaryocytes. In contrast, 18 (44%) of 41 AMLs lacked αII spectrin and/or aberrantly expressed βI spectrin (P = .0398; Fisher exact test) and 5 (100%) of 5 EryLs expressed βII spectrin but lacked βI spectrin. The frequent loss and/or gain of spectrin isoforms in AMLs suggests a possible role for spectrin in leukemogenesis.
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Alvarez H, Opalinska J, Zhou L, Sohal D, Fazzari MJ, Yu Y, Montagna C, Montgomery EA, Canto M, Dunbar KB, Wang J, Roa JC, Mo Y, Bhagat T, Ramesh KH, Cannizzaro L, Mollenhauer J, Thompson RF, Suzuki M, Meltzer S, Melnick A, Greally JM, Maitra A, Verma A. Widespread hypomethylation occurs early and synergizes with gene amplification during esophageal carcinogenesis. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1001356. [PMID: 21483804 PMCID: PMC3069107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a combination of genomic and epigenetic alterations are implicated in the multistep transformation of normal squamous esophageal epithelium to Barrett esophagus, dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma, the combinatorial effect of these changes is unknown. By integrating genome-wide DNA methylation, copy number, and transcriptomic datasets obtained from endoscopic biopsies of neoplastic progression within the same individual, we are uniquely able to define the molecular events associated progression of Barrett esophagus. We find that the previously reported global hypomethylation phenomenon in cancer has its origins at the earliest stages of epithelial carcinogenesis. Promoter hypomethylation synergizes with gene amplification and leads to significant upregulation of a chr4q21 chemokine cluster and other transcripts during Barrett neoplasia. In contrast, gene-specific hypermethylation is observed at a restricted number of loci and, in combination with hemi-allelic deletions, leads to downregulatation of selected transcripts during multistep progression. We also observe that epigenetic regulation during epithelial carcinogenesis is not restricted to traditionally defined “CpG islands,” but may also occur through a mechanism of differential methylation outside of these regions. Finally, validation of novel upregulated targets (CXCL1 and 3, GATA6, and DMBT1) in a larger independent panel of samples confirms the utility of integrative analysis in cancer biomarker discovery. The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) is increasing at an alarming pace in the United States. Distinct pathological stages of Barrett's metaplasia and low- and high-grade dysplasia can be seen preceding malignant transformation. These precursor lesions provide a unique in vivo model for deepening our understanding the early steps in human neoplasia. By integrating genome-wide DNA methylation, copy number, and transcriptomic datasets obtained from endoscopic biopsies of neoplastic progression within the same individual, we are uniquely able to define the molecular events associated progression of Barrett esophagus. We show that the predominant change during this process is loss of DNA methylation. We show that this global hypomethylation occurs very early during the process and is seen even in preinvasive lesions. This loss of DNA methylation drives carcinogenesis by cooperating with gene amplifications in upregulating proteins during this process. Finally we uncovered proteins that upregulated by loss of methylation or gene amplification (CXCL1 and 3, GATA6, and DMBT1) and show their relevance by validating their levels in larger independent panel of samples, thus confirming the utility of integrative analysis in cancer biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Alvarez
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joanna Opalinska
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Davendra Sohal
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Melissa J. Fazzari
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Yiting Yu
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Christina Montagna
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Montgomery
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marcia Canto
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kerry B. Dunbar
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jean Wang
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Yongkai Mo
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Tushar Bhagat
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - K. H. Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Linda Cannizzaro
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - J. Mollenhauer
- Molecular Oncology, Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Reid F. Thompson
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Masako Suzuki
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Stephen Meltzer
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ari Melnick
- Weil Cornell College of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John M. Greally
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JM Greally); (A Maitra); (A Verma)
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JM Greally); (A Maitra); (A Verma)
| | - Amit Verma
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JM Greally); (A Maitra); (A Verma)
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14
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Gidwani P, Ramesh KH, Liu Y, Kolb EA. The combination of clofarabine and cytarabine in pediatric relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report. Chemotherapy 2008; 54:120-4. [PMID: 18303261 DOI: 10.1159/000118664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2006] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant advances in treatment and survival rates in pediatric acute leukemias, relapse remains a common reason for treatment failure. Survival following relapse is dismal for most patients. Clofarabine, a purine nucleoside analog, has recently been approved for use in relapsed and refractory pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clofarabine and cytarabine together may be synergistic and have been used safely in adult leukemia patients. CASE REPORT We describe the administration of this combination to a 9-year-old boy with multiple relapsed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia who failed to achieve remission after the third attempt. He achieved complete morphologic and cytogenetic remission with 1 cycle of this combination. CONCLUSION This case is the first report of successful remission induction in a multiple relapsed pediatric leukemia patient using the clofarabine and cytarabine combination. Although it is a single case, it highlights the need for further studies to assess safety and efficacy of this combination in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Gidwani
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
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15
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Madan R, Gormley R, Dulau A, Xu D, Walsh D, Ramesh KH, Cannizaro L, Tamas EF, Kumar P, Sparano J, LeValley A, Xue X, Bhattacharyya PK, Ioachim HL, Ratech H. AIDS and non-AIDS diffuse large B-cell lymphomas express different antigen profiles. Mod Pathol 2006; 19:438-46. [PMID: 16444194 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Based on gene expression profiling, diffuse large B-cell lymphomas arising in immunocompetent patients can be divided into germinal center and activated B-cell types. Since little is known about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome associated diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, we tested whether the protein expression of germinal center and activated B-cell markers differed between acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) vs non-AIDS diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. We immunohistochemically stained tissue microarrays of 39 de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphomas: 12 AIDS associated and 27 non-AIDS, with germinal center (BCL6, CD10, CyclinH) and activated B-cell markers (MUM1, CD138, PAK1, CD44, BCL2). We scored each case for percent positive cells (0-19%=0; 20-49%=1; 50-100%=2). The activated B-cell and germinal center summation scores of each case were used as (x, y) coordinate data points to construct two-dimensional contour-frequency plots. The contour plot of non-AIDS diffuse large B-cell lymphomas showed two distinct clusters: a cluster with a high germinal center phenotype (cluster 1) and a cluster with a high activated B-cell phenotype (cluster 3). In contrast, the AIDS-related diffuse large B-cell lymphomas formed a single aggregate (cluster 2) (P=0.02, Fisher exact test). When the contour plots of the AIDS-related and the non-AIDS cases were superimposed, cluster 2 of the AIDS cases expressed an intermediate germinal center/activated B-cell phenotype compared to clusters 1 and 3 of the non-AIDS diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Our results confirm that non-AIDS diffuse large B-cell lymphomas segregate into two groups with either germinal center or activated B-cell phenotype. We report the new finding that the AIDS status of the patient predicts the immunophenotype of the diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- DNA-Binding Proteins/analysis
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/pathology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology
- Female
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/analysis
- Ki-67 Antigen/analysis
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/genetics
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/metabolism
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neprilysin/analysis
- Prognosis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Survival Analysis
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashna Madan
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
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16
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Gormley RP, Madan R, Dulau AE, Xu D, Tamas EF, Bhattacharyya PK, LeValley A, Xue X, Kumar P, Sparano J, Ramesh KH, Pulijaal V, Cannizzaro L, Walsh D, Ioachim HL, Ratech H. Germinal center and activated b-cell profiles separate Burkitt lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in AIDS and non-AIDS cases. Am J Clin Pathol 2005; 124:790-8. [PMID: 16203284 DOI: 10.1309/7cea-wv0d-nllu-wqtf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphologic features of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) overlap. No single phenotypic marker or molecular abnormality is pathognomonic. We tested a panel of 8 germinal center (GC) and activated B-cell (ABC) markers for their ability to separate BL and DLBCL. We diagnosed 16 BL and 39 DLBCL cases from 21 patients with AIDS and 34 without AIDS based on traditional morphologic criteria, Ki-67 proliferative index, and c-myc rearrangement (fluorescence in situ hybridization). After immunohistochemically staining tissue microarrays of BL and DLBCL for markers of GC (bcl-6, CD10, cyclin H) and ABC (MUM1, CD138, PAK1, CD44, bcl-2), we scored each case for the percentage of positive cells. Hierarchical clustering yielded 2 major clusters significantly associated with morphologic diagnosis (P < .001). For comparison, we plotted the sum of the GC scores and ABC scores for each case as x and y data points. This revealed a high-GC/low-ABC group and a low-GC/high-ABC group that were associated significantly with morphologic diagnosis (P < .001). Protein expression of multiple GC and ABC markers can separate BL and DLBCL.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Burkitt Lymphoma/diagnosis
- Burkitt Lymphoma/immunology
- Burkitt Lymphoma/pathology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Germinal Center/immunology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/immunology
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Retrospective Studies
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Gormley
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
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17
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Sun Y, Kim SH, Zhou DC, Ding W, Paietta E, Guidez F, Zelent A, Ramesh KH, Cannizzaro L, Warrell RP, Gallagher RE. Acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line AP-1060 established as a cytokine-dependent culture from a patient clinically resistant to all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide. Leukemia 2004; 18:1258-69. [PMID: 15116119 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AP-1060 is a newly established acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cell line from a multiple-relapse patient clinically resistant to both all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO). The line was initially derived as a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-dependent strain that underwent replicative senescence and, following ethylnitrosourea treatment, as a phenotypically similar immortalized line. Immortalization was associated with broadened cytokine sensitivity but not growth autonomy, in contrast to three previously derived APL lines. Both the AP-1060 strain and line had shortened telomeres and low telomerase activity, while the line had higher expression of many genes associated with macromolecular synthesis. The karyotype was 46,XY,t(3;14)(p21.1;q11.2),t(15;17)(q22;q11)[100%]; the unique t(3;14) was observed in 4/9 t(15;17)-positive metaphase cells at previous relapse on ATRA therapy. The PML-RARalpha mRNA harbored a missense mutation in the RARalpha-region ligand-binding domain (Pro900Ser). This was associated with a right-shift and sharpening of the ATRA-induced maturation response compared to ATRA-sensitive NB4 cells, which corresponded to the transcriptional activation by PML-RARalphaPro900Ser of a cotransfected ATRA-targeted reporter vector in COS-1 cells. AP-1060 also manifested relative resistance to ATO-induced apoptosis at >/=1 microM, while 0.25 microM ATO stimulated limited atypical maturation. These findings suggest that AP-1060 will be useful for further assessing molecular elements involved in APL progression and drug response/resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sun
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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18
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Xu D, Schultz C, Akker Y, Cannizzaro L, Ramesh KH, Du J, Ratech H. Evidence for expression of early myeloid antigens in mature, non-blast myeloid cells in myelodysplasia. Am J Hematol 2003; 74:9-16. [PMID: 12949884 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.10372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders with frequent cytogenetic abnormalities. They can arise de novo or be related to therapy. Although blasts in MDS have been studied extensively, there is little information available on the mature, non-blast myeloid cells (NBMCs). We used a retrospective case-control study design. NBMC populations in MDS (48 cases) and in tumor-free control (12 cases) bone marrow samples were analyzed using multiparameter flow cytometry for mean side scatter (SSC) channel number and for expression of aberrant cell surface antigens. MDS cases were stratified on the basis of cytogenetic abnormalities. We report that NBMCs in MDS with normal karyotype expressed significantly higher HLA-DR than controls (P = 0.034). NBMCs in MDS cases with cytogenetic abnormalities and with > or =5% marrow blasts, compared with controls, had significantly higher CD34 and higher HLA-DR but lower CD10 and lower SSC mean channel number. CD34 expression in NBMCs was significantly greater in therapy-related MDS compared with de novo MDS ( P = 0.01), although the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities was not different ( P > 0.05). These data suggest that bone marrow, mature, NBMCs have phenotypic changes in MDS that are not seen in normal controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Xu
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10467, USA
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19
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Cheng L, Ramesh KH, Radel E, Ratech H, Wei D, Cannizzaro LA. Characterization of t(11;19)(q23;p13.3) by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis in a pediatric patient with therapy-related acute myelogenous leukemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2001; 129:17-22. [PMID: 11520560 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(01)00429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This case presents a Caucasian girl diagnosed with early pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia at age 2 years. The only chromosomal anomaly detected in her bone marrow cells at this time was an add(12p). By age 4 years, she had a bone marrow and central nervous system (CNS) relapse of ALL and was treated with chemotherapy that included etoposide. She was in complete remission for 2 years following chemotherapy with etoposide, but later developed therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML). At this time, a t(11;19)(q23;p13.3) rearrangement was detected in her bone marrow cells. The AML relapsed again 1 year after allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT). The presence of a chromosome 11 abnormality involving band 11q23 in this patient suggests that the transformation from ALL to t-AML was a consequence of etoposide included in her chemotherapy. Studies have shown that the 11q23 breakpoint in the t(11;19) rearrangement is consistent, and involves the MLL gene in t-AML patients. However, the breakpoint in 19p is variable in that it could be located either at 19p13.1 or 19p13.3 and thus could involve either of two genes: ELL (11-19 lysine-rich leukemia gene) on 19p13.1 or ENL (11-19 leukemia gene) on 19p13.3. In this study, the t(11;19)(q23;p13.3) was further characterized and the breakpoint regions were defined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis.
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MESH Headings
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Female
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/genetics
- Proto-Oncogenes
- Transcription Factors
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467-2490, USA
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20
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Luan X, Ramesh KH, Cannizzaro LA. FHIT gene transcript alterations occur frequently in myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic diseases. Cytogenet Cell Genet 2000; 81:183-8. [PMID: 9730598 DOI: 10.1159/000015025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-five primary biopsy samples, obtained from patients diagnosed with chronic/acute myeloproliferative disorders, myelodysplastic disorders, in addition to seven cell lines established from patients with leukemias arrested at different stages of myeloid differentiation, were examined for alterations in an alternatively spliced form of the FHIT gene. Transcript alterations of this gene were detected in 80% of the primary biopsies and in two of the cell lines. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) detected deletions of one or more specific exons in the translated or untranslated portion of the FHIT gene. Point mutations in exons 3, 4, and 5 of the FHIT gene were also detected in 4 patients by single stranded conformational PCR analysis. Transcript alterations were detected in all primary hematopoietic samples which contained chromosome abnormalities, as well as, in hematopoietic disorders which did not show alterations of the 3p14 region. These findings suggest FHIT gene involvement in the transformation of hematopoietic stem cells to leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Luan
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Bronx, NY, USA
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21
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Samonte RV, Ramesh KH, Verma RS. Origin of human chromosome 2 revisited. J Genet 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02933040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Heterochromatic regions of chromosomes contain highly repetitive, tandemly arranged DNA sequences that undergo very rapid variation compared to unique DNA sequences that are predominantly conserved. In this study the chromosomal basis of speciation has been looked at in terms of repeat sequences. We have hybridized twenty-one chromosome-specific human alphoid satellite DNA probes to metaphase spreads of the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), gorilla (Gorilla gorilla), and orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) to investigate the evolutionary relationship of heterochromatic regions among such hominoid species. The majority of the probes did not hybridize to their corresponding equivalent chromosome but presented hybridization signals on non-corresponding chromosomes. Such observations suggest that rapid changes may have occurred in the ancestral alphoid satellite DNA sequence, resulting in divergence among the great ape species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Samonte
- Division of Genetics, Long Island College Hospital, SUNY Health Science Center, Brooklyn 11201, USA
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23
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Ramesh KH, Qazi QH, Verma RS. Direct insertion of euchromatic material from chromosome Y in the X-chromosome in hypogonadotropic hypogonadisms with Crohn's disease. Jpn J Hum Genet 1997; 42:551-6. [PMID: 9560956 DOI: 10.1007/bf02767033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between chromosomal abnormalities and Crohn's disease has not been established. Crohn's disease is associated with inflammation of the bowel, severe abdominal pain and chronic diarrhea. Its etiology is not known at present. A recessive gene with incomplete penetrance is thought to be a factor which does not follow simple mendelian inheritance. We report a case, where the euchromatin material of Y chromosome (p11.1 p11.2) has been directly inserted into the long arm of the X chromosome (q21.2), and is assumed to be the most likely cause of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in this patients. It could also be that the function of the testis-determining factor (SRY) has been disrupted due to the insertion, causing loss of testicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Ramesh
- Division of Genetics, Long Island College Hospital-SUNY Health Science Center at Brooklyn 11201-5514, USA
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24
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Ptaszynski K, Ramesh KH, Cannizzaro LA. Clonal chromosome aberrations with monosomy of chromosome 8 in a case of grade III chondrosarcoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1997; 97:60-3. [PMID: 9242219 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(96)00360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We report cytogenetic findings in a case of grade III chondrosarcoma. Complex clonal chromosome aberrations including monosomy of chromosomes 4, 8, 13, and a consistent t(5;14)(q23;p12) were observed in all cells. There were no structural or numerical anomalies involving chromosome 12. The complexity of the chromosome aberrations reflect the advanced stage of this chondrosarcoma; we suggest a possible involvement of the EXT1 gene located on chromosome 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ptaszynski
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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25
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Ramesh KH, Macera MJ, Verma RS. Rapid denaturation improves chromosome morphology and permits multiple hybridizations during fluorescence in situ hybridization. Biotech Histochem 1997; 72:141-3. [PMID: 9187736 DOI: 10.3109/10520299709082227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Denaturation of chromosomal DNA for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is an essential step in a procedure associated with a number of variables. In our experience, shorter denaturation time in 70% formamide/2 x SSC at 72 C provides sufficient denaturation, where the hydrogen bonds are broken between the purines and pyrimidines of the double helix. This shortened exposure improves retention of morphology of human chromosomes from lymphocytes, aminocytes, fibroblasts and bone marrow, and allows the same metaphases to be denatured repeatedly and rehybridized with different probes. This approach is useful in investigations where sample volume is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Ramesh
- Division of Genetics, Long Island College Hospital-SUNY Health Science Center at Brooklyn 11201, USA
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26
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Samonte RV, Conte RA, Ramesh KH, Verma RS. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of breakpoints involving pericentric inversions of human chromosome 9. Hum Genet 1996; 98:576-80. [PMID: 8882878 DOI: 10.1007/s004390050262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pericentric inversions involving the secondary constriction (qh) region of chromosome 9 are considered to be normal variants. The evolutionary mechanisms and conservation of these inversions via Mendelian fashion have been investigated since the advent of banding techniques. Routine cytogenetic techniques cannot provide the fine characterization necessary to determine the type of genetic material involved in these rearrangements. Therefore, the fluorescence in situ hybridization technique with the human centromere-specific alpha satellite and the beta satellite (D9Z5) and classical satellite (D9Z1) human DNA probes were used to identify the breakpoints of chromosome 9 pericentric inversions. Four unique types of pericentric inversions involving the 9qh region were observed, and the mechanism may be due to breakage and reunion at the proposed breakpoints. They are: type A inversions consist of breakpoints within the alpha and beta satellite DNA regions; type B consist of breakpoints within the beta satellite DNA region and band 9q13; type C involve breakage within the beta and classical satellite DNA regions, and type D have breakpoints within the alpha and classical satellite DNA regions. Obviously, reshuffling of satellite DNA sequences has occurred, which has given rise to a variety of heteromorphisms whose clinical significance remains obscure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Samonte
- Division of Genetics, Long Island College Hospital, SUNY Health Science Center, Brooklyn 11201, USA
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27
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Ramesh KH, Gupta S, Verma RS. Assignment of human MYCN proto-oncogene to chromosome band 12q24 in higher primates. Gene 1996; 177:169-72. [PMID: 8921863 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(96)00295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Controversies concerning the reduction of chromosome number from 48 to 46 in humans by putative fusion of two ape chromosomes still persist. Nevertheless, abundant evidence suggests that human chromosome 2 was derived by fusion. Consequently, the recent availability of the human MYCN gene probe which was localized to 2p24.3 facilitated our search for its location in the human equivalent chromosome(s) of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) and orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus). In all three species, the human MYCN gene was localized to the long arm of chromosome 12 band 12q24 which is the corresponding band equivalent of the short arm of human chromosome 2. The conservation of MYCN gene in higher primates at the equivalent chromosome locus that corresponds to that of the human provides additional prevailing view towards tracing the evolutionary pathways concerning the origin of chromosome 2, though we recognize that there are conceptual problems concerning human descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Ramesh
- Division of Genetics, Long Island College Hospital, SUNY Health Science Center, Brooklyn 11201, USA
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28
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Abstract
The Rb1 gene has been implicated with retinoblastoma and is located on human Chromosome (Chr) 13q14.2. A unique sequence human Rb1 cosmid DNA probe has been used to localize this region on apes' Chr 14 by the FISH technique. The conservation of the Rb1 gene in higher primates at the corresponding equivalent chromosome locus (14q14) of the human may serve as a phylogenetic marker to further trace the evolutionary pathway of human descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Verma
- Division of Genetics, Long Island College Hospital, Hicks Street at Atlantic Avenue, SUNY Health Science Center, Brooklyn, New York, 11201, USA
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29
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Abstract
We hybridized a human M-BCR DNA probe to the chromosomes of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) and orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) by FISH-technique. The human M-BCR gene was localized to chromosome 23 band q11 (23q11), which is equivalent to the human chromosome 22 band q11 in all three species. The conservation of M-BCR gene in higher primates at the corresponding human chromosome locus provides phylogenetic clues concerning the evolution of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Samonte
- Division of Genetics, Long Island College Hospital, SUNY Health Science Center at Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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30
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Abstract
We report a new chromosomal finding in a 20 month-old girl. The minor clinical features included: moderate mental retardation, microcephaly, mild hypotonia and hypertelorism. Initially, what appeared to be a terminal deletion of the long arm of one chromosome 15 [15q26-->qter] was determined to be an interstitial deletion involving band 15q25 as revealed by FISH-technique, showing the presence of intact telomeric hybridization signals. The cytogenetic diagnosis was thus modified to 46,XX, del (15) (pter-->q24::q26--> qter). Nevertheless, the function of the enzyme telomerase should not be ignored, as healing could occur following such terminal deletions. Consequently, it will remain a difficult task to distinguish terminal deletions from those that are interstitial.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Verma
- Division of Genetics, Stanley S. Lamm Institute for Child Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Long island College Hospital-SUNY Health Science Center at Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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31
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Abstract
Human chromosome 9 with a pericentric inversion involving the qh region is considered normal. It has probably evolved through breakage and reunion and is retained through mendelian inheritance without any apparent phenotypic consequences. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) technique using alpha, beta, and satellite III DNA probes showed that the breakpoints are variable and can be localised in the alpha or in the satellite III and beta DNA regions or both. Three types of inversions are proposed which appear similar by CBG banding: pericentric inversions with two alphoid, one beta, and one satellite III hybridisation signals were classified as type A. Type B were those with two beta, one alpha, and one satellite III hybridisation signals, while type C was complex, and most likely involved two inversions, since two separate hybridisation signals were detected in each of the alphoid, beta satellite, and satellite III DNA regions. Based on eight cases, type A is likely to be the most frequent, but the frequencies, which at present appear non-random for these different types of inversions in the population, can only be estimated by studying a larger sample size. Inversion heteromorphisms may promote reshuffling of tandem arrays of DNA repeat sequences, thereby giving rise to new heteromorphic domains. Alternatively, the repetitive nature of the sequences lends to the structural variations observed within the inv(9) chromosomes (or any other abnormal chromosome that is the result of recombination between, or breakage within, repetitive DNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Ramesh
- Division of Genetics, Long Island College Hospital-SUNY Health Science Center at Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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32
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Verma RS, Ramesh KH, Mathews T, Kleyman SM, Conte RA. Centromeric alphoid sequences are breakage prone resulting in pericentromeric inversion heteromorphism of qh region of chromosome 1. Ann Genet 1996; 39:205-208. [PMID: 9037348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Structural variations in the pericentromeric region of chromosome 1 are considered the norm. We characterized a chromosome 1 with an inversion by FISH-technique and suggested that the origin of pericentromeric heteromorphism is far more complex than previously suggested. It is postulated that similar to the centromeric alphoid DNA sequences of chromosome 9, chromosome 1 also possesses a "breakage prone" centromeric domain which may be a possible cause of such inversions involving the secondary constriction region.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Verma
- Division of Genetics, Long Island College Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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33
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Kleinerman RA, Littlefield LG, Tarone RE, Sayer AM, Cookfair DL, Wactawski-Wende J, Inskip PD, Block A, Ramesh KH, Boice JD. Chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes from women irradiated for benign and malignant gynecological disease. Radiat Res 1994; 139:40-6. [PMID: 8016306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Excess leukemias have occurred after partial-body radiotherapy for cervical cancer and benign gynecological disease (BGD). However, the level of risk is nearly the same in both groups, about twofold, despite a tenfold difference in average dose to active bone marrow (8 Gy vs 0.7 Gy, respectively). High-dose cell killing has been postulated as one explanation for this apparent inconsistency. To examine whether chromosome aberration rates observed in lymphocytes many years after exposure might serve as population markers of cancer risk, blood samples were taken from 60 women treated for BGD (34 with radiation) and cytogenetic data compared with previous results from 96 women irradiated for cervical cancer. Remarkably, the rate of stable aberrations, which reflects nonlethal damage in surviving stem cells, was only slightly higher among the cancer patients. Thus the lower-dose regimens to treat benign disorders resulted in much higher aberration yields per unit dose than those for cervical cancer. Assuming that the fraction of cytogenetically aberrant stem cells that survive radiotherapy contributes to the leukemogenic process, these data are then consistent with the epidemiological observations of comparable overall leukemia risks seen in these two irradiated populations. Accordingly, for patient populations given partial-body radiotherapy, stable aberrations at a long time after exposure appear to serve as biomarkers of effective risk rather than as biomarkers of radiation dose received.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Kleinerman
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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34
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Kleinerman RA, Littlefield LG, Tarone RE, Sayer AM, Cookfair DL, Wactawski-Wende J, Inskip PD, Block AW, Ramesh KH, Boice JD. Chromosome Aberrations in Lymphocytes from Women Irradiated for Benign and Malignant Gynecological Disease. Radiat Res 1994. [DOI: 10.2307/3578730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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35
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Lynch HT, Fusaro RM, Sandberg AA, Bixenman HA, Johnsen LR, Lynch JF, Ramesh KH, Leppert M. Chromosome instability and the FAMMM syndrome. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1993; 71:27-39. [PMID: 8275450 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(93)90199-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Our study involved two extended familial atypical multiple mole melanoma (FAMMM) kindreds wherein a sufficient number of informative, high genetic risk, and affected patients enabled collection of pertinent tissue samples (normal skin/fibroblasts and atypical nevi/melanocytes) for cytogenetic analysis, and peripheral blood lymphocytes for DNA usage for linkage studies. We observed marked chromosome instability, as evidence by increased frequencies of cells with chromosomal rearrangements (translocations, deletions, and inversions) in cell cultures from atypical nevi and normal skin. There was no evidence of linkage of the FAMMM disease locus to any of the markers for the short arm of chromosome 1p in these two families. Well-characterized FAMMM kindreds provide an opportunity for biomarker investigations for elucidating heterogeneity and, ultimately, improving cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Lynch
- Department of Preventive Medicine/Public Health, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178
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36
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Abstract
In a study comprised of 79 cancer patients selected for determining chromosomal damage to peripheral blood lymphocytes before, during, and after radiotherapy, four patients revealed chromosome aberrations prior to radiotherapy in 5% of the cells examined. The most common anomalies were dicentric chromosomes and translocations of unidentified chromosomal material on the long or short arm. We attribute this high incidence of chromosomal aberrations before radiotherapy to a combination of various external factors that are known to cause such cytogenetic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
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37
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Abstract
This is a guide to 107 fragile sites, all those considered at the most recent International Workshop on Human Gene Mapping, HGM 9.5, held in 1988. The chromosome band locations of all 107 fragile sites are given, together with their gene symbols, frequency, mode of induction, and status. The majority of these fragile sites are common ones induced to expression by aphidicolin. Fragile sites are nonrandomly distributed within the genome. Chromosome 3 is especially short of known fragile sites. Chromosome 21, the chromosome triplicated in Down syndrome, has no known fragile sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hecht
- Southwest Biomedical Research Institute, Scottsdale, Arizona 85251
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