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Wiggins EB, Anderson BE, Brown MD, Campuzano‐Jost P, Chen G, Crawford J, Crosbie EC, Dibb J, DiGangi JP, Diskin GS, Fenn M, Gallo F, Gargulinski EM, Guo H, Hair JW, Halliday HS, Ichoku C, Jimenez JL, Jordan CE, Katich JM, Nowak JB, Perring AE, Robinson CE, Sanchez KJ, Schueneman M, Schwarz JP, Shingler TJ, Shook MA, Soja AJ, Stockwell CE, Thornhill KL, Travis KR, Warneke C, Winstead EL, Ziemba LD, Moore RH. Reconciling Assumptions in Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches for Estimating Aerosol Emission Rates From Wildland Fires Using Observations From FIREX-AQ. J Geophys Res Atmos 2021; 126:e2021JD035692. [PMID: 35865864 PMCID: PMC9286562 DOI: 10.1029/2021jd035692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Accurate fire emissions inventories are crucial to predict the impacts of wildland fires on air quality and atmospheric composition. Two traditional approaches are widely used to calculate fire emissions: a satellite-based top-down approach and a fuels-based bottom-up approach. However, these methods often considerably disagree on the amount of particulate mass emitted from fires. Previously available observational datasets tended to be sparse, and lacked the statistics needed to resolve these methodological discrepancies. Here, we leverage the extensive and comprehensive airborne in situ and remote sensing measurements of smoke plumes from the recent Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) campaign to statistically assess the skill of the two traditional approaches. We use detailed campaign observations to calculate and compare emission rates at an exceptionally high-resolution using three separate approaches: top-down, bottom-up, and a novel approach based entirely on integrated airborne in situ measurements. We then compute the daily average of these high-resolution estimates and compare with estimates from lower resolution, global top-down and bottom-up inventories. We uncover strong, linear relationships between all of the high-resolution emission rate estimates in aggregate, however no single approach is capable of capturing the emission characteristics of every fire. Global inventory emission rate estimates exhibited weaker correlations with the high-resolution approaches and displayed evidence of systematic bias. The disparity between the low-resolution global inventories and the high-resolution approaches is likely caused by high levels of uncertainty in essential variables used in bottom-up inventories and imperfect assumptions in top-down inventories.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. B. Wiggins
- NASA Postdoctoral ProgramUniversities Space Research AssociationColumbiaMDUSA
- NASA Langley Research CenterHamptonVAUSA
| | | | - M. D. Brown
- NASA Langley Research CenterHamptonVAUSA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.HamptonVAUSA
| | | | - G. Chen
- NASA Langley Research CenterHamptonVAUSA
| | | | - E. C. Crosbie
- NASA Langley Research CenterHamptonVAUSA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.HamptonVAUSA
| | - J. Dibb
- Earth Systems Research CenterUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA
| | | | | | - M. Fenn
- NASA Langley Research CenterHamptonVAUSA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.HamptonVAUSA
| | - F. Gallo
- NASA Postdoctoral ProgramUniversities Space Research AssociationColumbiaMDUSA
- NASA Langley Research CenterHamptonVAUSA
| | | | - H. Guo
- CIRESUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - J. W. Hair
- NASA Langley Research CenterHamptonVAUSA
| | - H. S. Halliday
- Environmental Protection AgencyResearch TriangleDurhamNCUSA
| | - C. Ichoku
- College of Arts and SciencesHoward UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | | | - C. E. Jordan
- NASA Langley Research CenterHamptonVAUSA
- National Institute of AerospaceHamptonVAUSA
| | - J. M. Katich
- CIRESUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
- NOAA Chemical Science LaboratoryBoulderCOUSA
| | | | - A. E. Perring
- Department of ChemistryColgate UniversityHamiltonNYUSA
| | - C. E. Robinson
- NASA Langley Research CenterHamptonVAUSA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.HamptonVAUSA
| | - K. J. Sanchez
- NASA Postdoctoral ProgramUniversities Space Research AssociationColumbiaMDUSA
- NASA Langley Research CenterHamptonVAUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - A. J. Soja
- NASA Langley Research CenterHamptonVAUSA
- National Institute of AerospaceHamptonVAUSA
| | - C. E. Stockwell
- CIRESUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
- NOAA Chemical Science LaboratoryBoulderCOUSA
| | - K. L. Thornhill
- NASA Langley Research CenterHamptonVAUSA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.HamptonVAUSA
| | | | - C. Warneke
- NOAA Chemical Science LaboratoryBoulderCOUSA
| | - E. L. Winstead
- NASA Langley Research CenterHamptonVAUSA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.HamptonVAUSA
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Fisher JA, Jacob DJ, Travis KR, Kim PS, Marais EA, Miller CC, Yu K, Zhu L, Yantosca RM, Sulprizio MP, Mao J, Wennberg PO, Crounse JD, Teng AP, Nguyen TB, St Clair JM, Cohen RC, Romer P, Nault BA, Wooldridge PJ, Jimenez JL, Campuzano-Jost P, Day DA, Hu W, Shepson PB, Xiong F, Blake DR, Goldstein AH, Misztal PK, Hanisco TF, Wolfe GM, Ryerson TB, Wisthaler A, Mikoviny T. Organic nitrate chemistry and its implications for nitrogen budgets in an isoprene- and monoterpene-rich atmosphere: constraints from aircraft (SEAC 4RS) and ground-based (SOAS) observations in the Southeast US. Atmos Chem Phys 2016; 16:5969-5991. [PMID: 29681921 PMCID: PMC5906813 DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-5969-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Formation of organic nitrates (RONO2) during oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs: isoprene, monoterpenes) is a significant loss pathway for atmospheric nitrogen oxide radicals (NOx), but the chemistry of RONO2 formation and degradation remains uncertain. Here we implement a new BVOC oxidation mechanism (including updated isoprene chemistry, new monoterpene chemistry, and particle uptake of RONO2) in the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model with ∼25 × 25 km2 resolution over North America. We evaluate the model using aircraft (SEAC4RS) and ground-based (SOAS) observations of NOx, BVOCs, and RONO2 from the Southeast US in summer 2013. The updated simulation successfully reproduces the concentrations of individual gas- and particle-phase RONO2 species measured during the campaigns. Gas-phase isoprene nitrates account for 25-50% of observed RONO2 in surface air, and we find that another 10% is contributed by gas-phase monoterpene nitrates. Observations in the free troposphere show an important contribution from long-lived nitrates derived from anthropogenic VOCs. During both campaigns, at least 10% of observed boundary layer RONO2 were in the particle phase. We find that aerosol uptake followed by hydrolysis to HNO3 accounts for 60% of simulated gas-phase RONO2 loss in the boundary layer. Other losses are 20% by photolysis to recycle NOx and 15% by dry deposition. RONO2 production accounts for 20% of the net regional NOx sink in the Southeast US in summer, limited by the spatial segregation between BVOC and NOx emissions. This segregation implies that RONO2 production will remain a minor sink for NOx in the Southeast US in the future even as NOx emissions continue to decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Fisher
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - D J Jacob
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - K R Travis
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P S Kim
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - E A Marais
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - C Chan Miller
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - K Yu
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - L Zhu
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R M Yantosca
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M P Sulprizio
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J Mao
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - P O Wennberg
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - J D Crounse
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - A P Teng
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - T B Nguyen
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Now at Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J M St Clair
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Now at Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA and Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R C Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - P Romer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - B A Nault
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Now at Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P J Wooldridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J L Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P Campuzano-Jost
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D A Day
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - W Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P B Shepson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - F Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - D R Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - A H Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - P K Misztal
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - T F Hanisco
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - G M Wolfe
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T B Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Lab, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A Wisthaler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T Mikoviny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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