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Haskins JD, Lopez-Hilfiker FD, Lee BH, Shah V, Wolfe GM, DiGangi J, Fibiger D, McDuffie EE, Veres P, Schroder JC, Campuzano-Jost P, Day DA, Jimenez JL, Weinheimer A, Sparks T, Cohen RC, Campos T, Sullivan A, Guo H, Weber R, Dibb J, Greene J, Fiddler M, Bililign S, Jaeglé L, Brown SS, Thornton JA. Anthropogenic control over wintertime oxidation of atmospheric pollutants. Geophys Res Lett 2019; 46:14826-14835. [PMID: 33012881 PMCID: PMC7526063 DOI: 10.1029/2019gl085498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
During winter in the mid-latitudes, photochemical oxidation is significantly slower than in summer and the main radical oxidants driving formation of secondary pollutants, such as fine particulate matter and ozone, remain uncertain, owing to a lack of observations in this season. Using airborne observations, we quantify the contribution of various oxidants on a regional basis during winter, enabling improved chemical descriptions of wintertime air pollution transformations. We show that 25-60% of NOx is converted to N2O5 via multiphase reactions between gas-phase nitrogen oxide reservoirs and aerosol particles, with ~93% reacting in the marine boundary layer to form >2.5 ppbv ClNO2. This results in >70% of the oxidizing capacity of polluted air during winter being controlled, not by typical photochemical reactions, but from these multiphase reactions and emissions of volatile organic compounds, such as HCHO, highlighting the control local anthropogenic emissions have on the oxidizing capacity of the polluted wintertime atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Haskins
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | - B. H. Lee
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - V. Shah
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - G. M. Wolfe
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD USA
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - J. DiGangi
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USA
| | - D. Fibiger
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO USA
| | - E. E. McDuffie
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO USA
| | - P. Veres
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J. C. Schroder
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - P. Campuzano-Jost
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - D. A. Day
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - J. L. Jimenez
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - A. Weinheimer
- Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO USA
| | - T. Sparks
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley CA USA
| | - R. C. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley CA USA
| | - T. Campos
- Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO USA
| | - A. Sullivan
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - H. Guo
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - R. Weber
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - J. Dibb
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH USA
| | - J. Greene
- Department of Physics, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC USA
| | - M. Fiddler
- Department of Physics, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC USA
| | - S. Bililign
- Department of Physics, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC USA
| | - L. Jaeglé
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - S. S. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO USA
| | - J. A. Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
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Zoogman P, Liu X, Suleiman RM, Pennington WF, Flittner DE, Al-Saadi JA, Hilton BB, Nicks DK, Newchurch MJ, Carr JL, Janz SJ, Andraschko MR, Arola A, Baker BD, Canova BP, Chan Miller C, Cohen RC, Davis JE, Dussault ME, Edwards DP, Fishman J, Ghulam A, González Abad G, Grutter M, Herman JR, Houck J, Jacob DJ, Joiner J, Kerridge BJ, Kim J, Krotkov NA, Lamsal L, Li C, Lindfors A, Martin RV, McElroy CT, McLinden C, Natraj V, Neil DO, Nowlan CR, O'Sullivan EJ, Palmer PI, Pierce RB, Pippin MR, Saiz-Lopez A, Spurr RJD, Szykman JJ, Torres O, Veefkind JP, Veihelmann B, Wang H, Wang J, Chance K. Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO). J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transf 2017; 186:17-39. [PMID: 32817995 PMCID: PMC7430511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
TEMPO was selected in 2012 by NASA as the first Earth Venture Instrument, for launch between 2018 and 2021. It will measure atmospheric pollution for greater North America from space using ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy. TEMPO observes from Mexico City, Cuba, and the Bahamas to the Canadian oil sands, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific, hourly and at high spatial resolution (~2.1 km N/S×4.4 km E/W at 36.5°N, 100°W). TEMPO provides a tropospheric measurement suite that includes the key elements of tropospheric air pollution chemistry, as well as contributing to carbon cycle knowledge. Measurements are made hourly from geostationary (GEO) orbit, to capture the high variability present in the diurnal cycle of emissions and chemistry that are unobservable from current low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites that measure once per day. The small product spatial footprint resolves pollution sources at sub-urban scale. Together, this temporal and spatial resolution improves emission inventories, monitors population exposure, and enables effective emission-control strategies. TEMPO takes advantage of a commercial GEO host spacecraft to provide a modest cost mission that measures the spectra required to retrieve ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), formaldehyde (H2CO), glyoxal (C2H2O2), bromine monoxide (BrO), IO (iodine monoxide),water vapor, aerosols, cloud parameters, ultraviolet radiation, and foliage properties. TEMPO thus measures the major elements, directly or by proxy, in the tropospheric O3 chemistry cycle. Multi-spectral observations provide sensitivity to O3 in the lowermost troposphere, substantially reducing uncertainty in air quality predictions. TEMPO quantifies and tracks the evolution of aerosol loading. It provides these near-real-time air quality products that will be made publicly available. TEMPO will launch at a prime time to be the North American component of the global geostationary constellation of pollution monitoring together with the European Sentinel-4 (S4) and Korean Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zoogman
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
| | - X Liu
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S J Janz
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
| | | | - A Arola
- Finnish Meteorological Institute
| | | | | | | | - R C Cohen
- University of California at Berkeley
| | - J E Davis
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M Grutter
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
| | - J R Herman
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County
| | - J Houck
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
| | | | - J Joiner
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
| | | | | | | | - L Lamsal
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
- GESTAR, University Space Research Association
| | - C Li
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County
| | | | - R V Martin
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
- Dalhousie University
| | | | | | | | | | - C R Nowlan
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
| | | | | | - R B Pierce
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| | | | - A Saiz-Lopez
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Spain
| | | | | | - O Torres
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
| | | | | | - H Wang
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
| | | | - K Chance
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
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3
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Fisher JA, Jacob DJ, Travis KR, Kim PS, Marais EA, Miller CC, Yu K, Zhu L, Yantosca RM, Sulprizio MP, Mao J, Wennberg PO, Crounse JD, Teng AP, Nguyen TB, St Clair JM, Cohen RC, Romer P, Nault BA, Wooldridge PJ, Jimenez JL, Campuzano-Jost P, Day DA, Hu W, Shepson PB, Xiong F, Blake DR, Goldstein AH, Misztal PK, Hanisco TF, Wolfe GM, Ryerson TB, Wisthaler A, Mikoviny T. Organic nitrate chemistry and its implications for nitrogen budgets in an isoprene- and monoterpene-rich atmosphere: constraints from aircraft (SEAC 4RS) and ground-based (SOAS) observations in the Southeast US. Atmos Chem Phys 2016; 16:5969-5991. [PMID: 29681921 PMCID: PMC5906813 DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-5969-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Formation of organic nitrates (RONO2) during oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs: isoprene, monoterpenes) is a significant loss pathway for atmospheric nitrogen oxide radicals (NOx), but the chemistry of RONO2 formation and degradation remains uncertain. Here we implement a new BVOC oxidation mechanism (including updated isoprene chemistry, new monoterpene chemistry, and particle uptake of RONO2) in the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model with ∼25 × 25 km2 resolution over North America. We evaluate the model using aircraft (SEAC4RS) and ground-based (SOAS) observations of NOx, BVOCs, and RONO2 from the Southeast US in summer 2013. The updated simulation successfully reproduces the concentrations of individual gas- and particle-phase RONO2 species measured during the campaigns. Gas-phase isoprene nitrates account for 25-50% of observed RONO2 in surface air, and we find that another 10% is contributed by gas-phase monoterpene nitrates. Observations in the free troposphere show an important contribution from long-lived nitrates derived from anthropogenic VOCs. During both campaigns, at least 10% of observed boundary layer RONO2 were in the particle phase. We find that aerosol uptake followed by hydrolysis to HNO3 accounts for 60% of simulated gas-phase RONO2 loss in the boundary layer. Other losses are 20% by photolysis to recycle NOx and 15% by dry deposition. RONO2 production accounts for 20% of the net regional NOx sink in the Southeast US in summer, limited by the spatial segregation between BVOC and NOx emissions. This segregation implies that RONO2 production will remain a minor sink for NOx in the Southeast US in the future even as NOx emissions continue to decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Fisher
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - D J Jacob
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - K R Travis
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P S Kim
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - E A Marais
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - C Chan Miller
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - K Yu
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - L Zhu
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R M Yantosca
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M P Sulprizio
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J Mao
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - P O Wennberg
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - J D Crounse
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - A P Teng
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - T B Nguyen
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Now at Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J M St Clair
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Now at Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA and Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R C Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - P Romer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - B A Nault
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Now at Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P J Wooldridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J L Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P Campuzano-Jost
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D A Day
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - W Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P B Shepson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - F Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - D R Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - A H Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - P K Misztal
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - T F Hanisco
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - G M Wolfe
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T B Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Lab, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A Wisthaler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T Mikoviny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Brune WH, Baier BC, Thomas J, Ren X, Cohen RC, Pusede SE, Browne EC, Goldstein AH, Gentner DR, Keutsch FN, Thornton JA, Harrold S, Lopez-Hilfiker FD, Wennberg PO. Ozone production chemistry in the presence of urban plumes. Faraday Discuss 2016; 189:169-89. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00204d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ozone pollution affects human health, especially in urban areas on hot sunny days. Its basic photochemistry has been known for decades and yet it is still not possible to correctly predict the high ozone levels that are the greatest threat. The CalNex_SJV study in Bakersfield CA in May/June 2010 provided an opportunity to examine ozone photochemistry in an urban area surrounded by agriculture. The measurement suite included hydroxyl (OH), hydroperoxyl (HO2), and OH reactivity, which are compared with the output of a photochemical box model. While the agreement is generally within combined uncertainties, measured HO2 far exceeds modeled HO2 in NOx-rich plumes. OH production and loss do not balance as they should in the morning, and the ozone production calculated with measured HO2 is a decade greater than that calculated with modeled HO2 when NO levels are high. Calculated ozone production using measured HO2 is twice that using modeled HO2, but this difference in calculated ozone production has minimal impact on the assessment of NOx-sensitivity or VOC-sensitivity for midday ozone production. Evidence from this study indicates that this important discrepancy is not due to the HO2 measurement or to the sampling of transported plumes but instead to either emissions of unknown organic species that accompany the NO emissions or unknown photochemistry involving nitrogen oxides and hydrogen oxides, possibly the hypothesized reaction OH + NO + O2 → HO2 + NO2.
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Kim M, Truong NR, James V, Bosnjak L, Sandgren KJ, Harman AN, Nasr N, Bertram KM, Olbourne N, Sawleshwarkar S, McKinnon K, Cohen RC, Cunningham AL. LB1.5 Initial interactions of herpes simplex virus with human skin dendritic cells. Br J Vener Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Jani P, Bidarkar SS, Walker K, Halliday R, Badawi N, Cohen RC. Right-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A tertiary centre's experience over 25 years. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2015; 7:39-45. [PMID: 24815704 DOI: 10.3233/npm-1474313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To provide analysis on infants treated for right-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (RCDH) including mortality, neonatal morbidities, and associated congenital anomalies. METHODS We reviewed records of infants admitted with RCDH from 1985 to 2010. RESULTS A total of 160 infants with CDH were identified; of them 22 infants had RCDH, 14 (64%) were male and eight (36%) were female. Eleven of the 22 infants died (50%), of which seven (64%) were male, and four (36%) were female. Three infants (13.6%) were diagnosed prenatally, and 19 (86.4%) were diagnosed postnatally. A statistically significant association with mortality was observed for low five minute Apgar score (OR = 8; 95% CI: 1.24-51.5), and high alveolar-arterial gradient >400 (OR = 25.7; 95% CI: 2.2-298.5). Fourteen infants (64%) underwent surgical correction, three (21.4%) infants who underwent surgery died. Three infants were discharged with oxygen supplementation and tube feeding at home, and one on sildenafil. No statistical significance was observed between other variables and mortality/morbidity. We observed a change in practice in relation to timing of surgery allowing stabilisation of patient prior to surgery. Average in-patient stay for RCDH infants was 23.5 days (range: 0-112), compared with the total in-patient mean stay of 10.5 days. CONCLUSIONS Low five minute Apgar score, and high alveolar-arterial gradient were significant predictors of mortality. RCDH is associated with high mortality (50%), prolonged length of stay and other anomalies. In recent years, we observed an improving trend for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jani
- Grace Centre's for Newborn Care, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - S S Bidarkar
- Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - K Walker
- Grace Centre's for Newborn Care, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - R Halliday
- Grace Centre's for Newborn Care, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - N Badawi
- Grace Centre's for Newborn Care, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - R C Cohen
- Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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Perring AE, Pusede SE, Cohen RC. An Observational Perspective on the Atmospheric Impacts of Alkyl and Multifunctional Nitrates on Ozone and Secondary Organic Aerosol. Chem Rev 2013; 113:5848-70. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300520x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. E. Perring
- Department
of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - S. E. Pusede
- Department
of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - R. C. Cohen
- Department
of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
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8
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Rollins AW, Browne EC, Min KE, Pusede SE, Wooldridge PJ, Gentner DR, Goldstein AH, Liu S, Day DA, Russell LM, Cohen RC. Evidence for NOx Control over Nighttime SOA Formation. Science 2012; 337:1210-2. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1221520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Cooper OR, Eckhardt S, Crawford JH, Brown CC, Cohen RC, Bertram TH, Wooldridge P, Perring A, Brune WH, Ren X, Brunner D, Baughcum SL. Summertime buildup and decay of lightning NOx
and aged thunderstorm outflow above North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. R. Cooper
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. Eckhardt
- Department of Regional and Global Pollution Issues; Norwegian Institute for Air Research; Kjeller Norway
| | | | - C. C. Brown
- Science System and Applications, Inc.; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - R. C. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Planetary Science; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - T. H. Bertram
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Planetary Science; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - P. Wooldridge
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Planetary Science; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - A. Perring
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Planetary Science; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - W. H. Brune
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - X. Ren
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - D. Brunner
- Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Materials Science and Technology; EMPA; Dübendorf Switzerland
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11
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Bucsela EJ, Perring AE, Cohen RC, Boersma KF, Celarier EA, Gleason JF, Wenig MO, Bertram TH, Wooldridge PJ, Dirksen R, Veefkind JP. Comparison of tropospheric NO2from in situ aircraft measurements with near-real-time and standard product data from OMI. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
The carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen K-edge spectra were measured for aqueous solutions of glycine by total electron yield near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (TEY NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The bulk solution pH was systematically varied while maintaining a constant amino acid concentration. Spectra were assigned through comparisons with both previous studies and ab initio computed spectra of isolated glycine molecules and hydrated glycine clusters. Nitrogen K-edge solution spectra recorded at low and moderate pH are nearly identical to those of solid glycine, whereas basic solution spectra strongly resemble those of the gas phase. The carbon 1s --> pi*(C=O) transition exhibits a 0.2 eV red shift at high pH due to the deprotonation of the amine terminus. This deprotonation also effects a 1.4 eV red shift in the nitrogen K-edge at high pH. Two sharp preedge features at 401.3 and 402.5 eV are also observed at high pH. These resonances, previously observed in the vapor-phase ISEELS spectrum of glycine, have been reassigned as transitions to sigma* bound states. The observation of these peaks indicates that the amine moiety is in an acceptor-only hydrogen bond configuration at high pH. At low pH, the oxygen 1s --> pi*(C=O) transition exhibits a 0.25-eV red shift due to the protonation of the carboxylic acid terminus. These spectral differences indicate that the variations in electronic structure observed in the NEXAFS spectra are determined by the internal charge state and hydration environment of the molecule in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Messer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA
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Liang Q, Jaeglé L, Hudman RC, Turquety S, Jacob DJ, Avery MA, Browell EV, Sachse GW, Blake DR, Brune W, Ren X, Cohen RC, Dibb JE, Fried A, Fuelberg H, Porter M, Heikes BG, Huey G, Singh HB, Wennberg PO. Summertime influence of Asian pollution in the free troposphere over North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wood J, Cohen RC, Holland JA, Shun A, La Hei ER. SE16 VIRTUAL REALITY LAPAROSCOPIC TRAINING IN AUSTRALIA. ANZ J Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2007.04129_16.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hudman RC, Jacob DJ, Turquety S, Leibensperger EM, Murray LT, Wu S, Gilliland AB, Avery M, Bertram TH, Brune W, Cohen RC, Dibb JE, Flocke FM, Fried A, Holloway J, Neuman JA, Orville R, Perring A, Ren X, Sachse GW, Singh HB, Swanson A, Wooldridge PJ. Surface and lightning sources of nitrogen oxides over the United States: Magnitudes, chemical evolution, and outflow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Singh HB, Salas L, Herlth D, Kolyer R, Czech E, Avery M, Crawford JH, Pierce RB, Sachse GW, Blake DR, Cohen RC, Bertram TH, Perring A, Wooldridge PJ, Dibb J, Huey G, Hudman RC, Turquety S, Emmons LK, Flocke F, Tang Y, Carmichael GR, Horowitz LW. Reactive nitrogen distribution and partitioning in the North American troposphere and lowermost stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Kim S, Huey LG, Stickel RE, Tanner DJ, Crawford JH, Olson JR, Chen G, Brune WH, Ren X, Lesher R, Wooldridge PJ, Bertram TH, Perring A, Cohen RC, Lefer BL, Shetter RE, Avery M, Diskin G, Sokolik I. Measurement of HO2NO2in the free troposphere during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment–North America 2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Cooper OR, Stohl A, Trainer M, Thompson AM, Witte JC, Oltmans SJ, Morris G, Pickering KE, Crawford JH, Chen G, Cohen RC, Bertram TH, Wooldridge P, Perring A, Brune WH, Merrill J, Moody JL, Tarasick D, Nédélec P, Forbes G, Newchurch MJ, Schmidlin FJ, Johnson BJ, Turquety S, Baughcum SL, Ren X, Fehsenfeld FC, Meagher JF, Spichtinger N, Brown CC, McKeen SA, McDermid IS, Leblanc T. Large upper tropospheric ozone enhancements above midlatitude North America during summer: In situ evidence from the IONS and MOZAIC ozone measurement network. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Boxe CS, Colussi AJ, Hoffmann MR, Perez IM, Murphy JG, Cohen RC. Kinetics of NO and NO2 Evolution from Illuminated Frozen Nitrate Solutions. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:3578-83. [PMID: 16526638 DOI: 10.1021/jp055037q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The release of NO and NO2 from frozen aqueous NaNO3 irradiated at 313 nm was studied using time-resolved spectroscopic techniques. The kinetic behavior of NO and NO2 signals during on-and-off illumination cycles confirms that NO2 is a primary photoproduct evolving from the outermost ice layers and reveals that NO is a secondary species generated deeper in the ice, whence it eventually emerges due to its inertness and larger diffusivity. NO is shown to be more weakly held than NO2 by ice in thermal desorption experiments on preirradiated samples. The partial control of gaseous emissions by mass transfer, and hence by the morphology and metamorphisms of polycrystalline ice, is established by (1) the nonmonotonic temperature dependence of NO and NO2 signals upon stepwise warming under continuous illumination, (2) the fact that the NO, NO2 or NOx (NOx identical with NO + NO2) amounts released in bright thermograms performed under various heating ramps fail to scale with photon dose, due to irreversible losses in the adsorbed state. Because present NO/NO2 ratios are up to 10-fold smaller than those determined over sunlit snowpacks, we infer that the immediate precursors to NO mostly absorb at lambda > lambda(max) (NO3-) approximately 302 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Boxe
- W. M. Keck Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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20
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Messer BM, Cappa CD, Smith JD, Drisdell WS, Schwartz CP, Cohen RC, Saykally RJ. Local Hydration Environments of Amino Acids and Dipeptides Studied by X-ray Spectroscopy of Liquid Microjets. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:21640-6. [PMID: 16853810 DOI: 10.1021/jp053802v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The nitrogen K-edge spectra of aqueous proline and diglycine solutions have been measured by total electron yield near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy at neutral and high pH. All observed spectral features have been assigned by comparison to the recently reported spectrum of aqueous glycine and calculated spectra of isolated amino acids and hydrated amino acid clusters. The sharp preedge resonances at 401.3 and 402.6 eV observed in the spectrum of anionic glycine indicate that the nitrogen terminus is in an "acceptor-only" configuration, wherein neither amine proton is involved in hydrogen bonding to the solvent, at high pH. The analogous 1s --> sigma(NH) preedge transitions are absent in the NEXAFS spectrum of anionic proline, implying that the acceptor-only conformation observed in anionic glycine arises from steric shielding induced by free rotation of the amine terminus about the glycine CN bond. Anionic diglycine solutions exhibit a broadened 1s --> pi(CN) resonance at 401.2 eV and a broad shoulder resonance at 403 eV, also suggesting the presence of an acceptor-only species. Although this assignment is not as unambiguous as for glycine, it implies that the nitrogen terminus of most proteins is capable of existing in an acceptor-only conformation at high pH. The NEXAFS spectrum of zwitterionic lysine solution was also measured, exhibiting features similar to those of both anionic and zwitterionic glycine, and leading us to conclude that the alpha amine group is present in an acceptor-only configuration, while the end of the butylammonium side chain is fully solvated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Messer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Boxe CS, Colussi AJ, Hoffmann MR, Murphy JG, Wooldridge PJ, Bertram TH, Cohen RC. Photochemical Production and Release of Gaseous NO2from Nitrate-Doped Water Ice. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:8520-5. [PMID: 16834249 DOI: 10.1021/jp0518815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Temperature-programmed NO2 emissions from frozen aqueous NaNO3 solutions irradiated at 313 nm were monitored as function of nitrate concentration and heating rate, H, above -30 degrees C. Emissions increase nonmonotonically with temperature, displaying transitions suggestive of underlying metamorphic transformations. Thus, NO2 emissions surge at ca. -8 degrees C in frozen [NO3-] > 200 microM samples warmed at H = 0.70 degrees C min(-1) under continuous irradiation, and also in the dark from samples that had been photolyzed at -30 degrees C. The amounts of NO2 released in individual thermograms, SigmaN, increase less than linearly with [NO3-] or the duration of experiments, revealing the significant loss of photogenerated NO2. The actual SigmaN proportional, variant [NO3-]1/2 dependence (at constant H) is consistent with NO2 hydrolysis: 2NO2 + H2O --> NO3- + NO2- + 2H+, overtaking NO2 desorption, even below the eutectic point (-18 degrees C for aqueous NaNO3). The increasingly larger NO2 losses detected in longer experiments (at constant [NO3-]) are ascribed to secondary photolysis of trapped NO2. The relevance of present results to the interpretation of polar NO2 measurements is briefly analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Boxe
- W. M. Keck Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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22
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Smith JD, Cappa CD, Messer BM, Cohen RC, Saykally RJ. Response to Comment on "Energetics of Hydrogen Bond Network Rearrangements in Liquid Water". Science 2005. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1108945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C. D. Cappa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - B. M. Messer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - R. C. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - R. J. Saykally
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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23
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Cohen RC, Saykally RJ. Vibration-rotation-tunneling spectroscopy of the van der Waals bond: a new look at intermolecular forces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100182a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Cohen RC, Saykally RJ. Extending the collocation method to multidimensional molecular dynamics: direct determination of the intermolecular potential of argon-water from tunable far-infrared laser spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100383a044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Day DA, Wooldridge PJ, Dillon MB, Thornton JA, Cohen RC. A thermal dissociation laser-induced fluorescence instrument for in situ detection of NO2, peroxy nitrates, alkyl nitrates, and HNO3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Day
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - P. J. Wooldridge
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - M. B. Dillon
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - J. A. Thornton
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - R. C. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Berkeley California USA
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Dillon MB, Lamanna MS, Schade GW, Goldstein AH, Cohen RC. Chemical evolution of the Sacramento urban plume: Transport and oxidation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. B. Dillon
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - M. S. Lamanna
- Division of Ecosystem Sciences, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - G. W. Schade
- Division of Ecosystem Sciences, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - A. H. Goldstein
- Division of Ecosystem Sciences, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - R. C. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Berkeley California USA
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27
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Abstract
Congenital pancreatic cyst is a rare cause of a cystic abdominal mass in the neonate. The authors report a case of antenatal detection of a foregut duplication cyst arising entirely from the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R La Hei
- Department of Surgery, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney, Australia
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28
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Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine if laparoscopic varicocelectomy (LV) with preservation of the testicular artery (TA) is a satisfactory alternative to standard open surgical techniques in adolescents. METHODS Between June 1993 and June 1999 left LV was performed on 40 boys, median age, 12 years (range, 9 to 16 years). Selection for surgical correction included size of the varicocele, symptoms, and clinical or ultrasound assessment for testicular hypotrophy. Eight patients had undergone previous left-sided inguinal surgery, 5 of these for varicocele. Three laparoscopic ports were used. The TA was identified and preserved with the aid of a Doppler flow transducer ("Smart Needle"). All the testicular veins were ligated and divided. The inferior epigastric (IE) veins also were ligated in 19 patients. The operating time was a mean of 1 hour. The postoperative follow-up for a median of 19.5 months (range, 3 to 36 months) included clinical and ultrasound assessment. RESULTS Preoperative assessment confirmed left-sided testicular hypotrophy 35 patients (88%). Thirty-eight varicoceles were stage 3, and 2 were stage 2. Testicular discomfort was present in 13 patients. Complete correction of the varicocele was achieved in 33 (83%). At a mean of 5 months after LV open repair in 7 patients confirmed a dilated cremasteric vein connecting to the IE veins. Ligation of the IE veins at the time of LV was associated with a persistent varicocele in 3 of 19 patients (16%), similar to the nonligated group, 4 of 21 patients (19%). Five patients (12.5%) had a mild hydrocele. The left testicular volume increased 30% to 50% in 28 patients (70%) at a median of 6.5 months after repair. Testicular atrophy did not occur in any patients. The majority of patients went home within 6 hours of surgery. CONCLUSIONS The laparoscopic technique with preservation of the TA is an acceptable alternative to open surgical treatment of varicoceles. Further, it eliminates the risk of testicular atrophy and is the technique of choice when previous inguinal surgery has been performed. Ligation of IE veins was not associated with a decrease in the persistence of varicocele postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Cohen
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Parramatta, NSW, Australia
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Perkins KK, Hanisco TF, Cohen RC, Koch LC, Stimpfle RM, Voss PB, Bonne GP, Lanzendorf EJ, Anderson JG, Wennberg PO, Gao RS, Del Negro LA, Salawitch RJ, McElroy CT, Hintsa EJ, Loewenstein M, Bui TP. The NOx−HNO3 System in the Lower Stratosphere: Insights from In Situ Measurements and Implications of the JHNO3−[OH] Relationship. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002519n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. K. Perkins
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - T. F. Hanisco
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - R. C. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - L. C. Koch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - R. M. Stimpfle
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - P. B. Voss
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - G. P. Bonne
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - E. J. Lanzendorf
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - J. G. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - P. O. Wennberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - R. S. Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - L. A. Del Negro
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - R. J. Salawitch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - C. T. McElroy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - E. J. Hintsa
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - M. Loewenstein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - T. P. Bui
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
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Voss PB, Stimpfle RM, Cohen RC, Hanisco TF, Bonne GP, Perkins KK, Lanzendorf EJ, Anderson JG, Salawitch RJ, Webster CR, Scott DC, May RD, Wennberg PO, Newman PA, Lait LR, Elkins JW, Bui TP. Inorganic chlorine partitioning in the summer lower stratosphere: Modeled and measured [ClONO2]/[HCl] during POLARIS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
We report our 12-year experience in the management of urethral injuries in nine children, six boys and three girls. The most common mechanisms of injury were motor vehicle accidents, followed by straddle injuries. All the injuries in boys involved the anterior urethra, and in girls the proximal or mid-urethra. There were associated injuries in five, including three pelvic fractures. All children were investigated with a retrograde urethrogram. Four were treated non-operatively with insertion of a urethral catheter. Of the remaining five, one had drainage of a penile haematoma, one cystourethroscopy, two insertion of urinary and suprapubic catheters, and one open cystotomy and passage of a guide wire with antegrade passage of a urethral catheter. Complications included one urinary tract infection, one urethral fistula, one urethrovaginal fistula, and two urethral strictures. Final outcome was satisfactory in all nine children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Holland
- Department of Surgical Research, The New Children's Hospital, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Parramatta, NSW, Australia
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Hanisco TF, Lanzendorf EJ, Wennberg PO, Perkins KK, Stimpfle RM, Voss PB, Anderson JG, Cohen RC, Fahey DW, Gao RS, Hintsa EJ, Salawitch RJ, Margitan JJ, McElroy CT, Midwinter C. Sources, Sinks, and the Distribution of OH in the Lower Stratosphere. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002334g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. F. Hanisco
- Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, University of California, Berkeley, California, NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, and Atomospheric Enivironment, Downsview, Ontario, Canada
| | - E. J. Lanzendorf
- Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, University of California, Berkeley, California, NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, and Atomospheric Enivironment, Downsview, Ontario, Canada
| | - P. O. Wennberg
- Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, University of California, Berkeley, California, NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, and Atomospheric Enivironment, Downsview, Ontario, Canada
| | - K. K. Perkins
- Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, University of California, Berkeley, California, NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, and Atomospheric Enivironment, Downsview, Ontario, Canada
| | - R. M. Stimpfle
- Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, University of California, Berkeley, California, NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, and Atomospheric Enivironment, Downsview, Ontario, Canada
| | - P. B. Voss
- Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, University of California, Berkeley, California, NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, and Atomospheric Enivironment, Downsview, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. G. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, University of California, Berkeley, California, NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, and Atomospheric Enivironment, Downsview, Ontario, Canada
| | - R. C. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, University of California, Berkeley, California, NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, and Atomospheric Enivironment, Downsview, Ontario, Canada
| | - D. W. Fahey
- Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, University of California, Berkeley, California, NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, and Atomospheric Enivironment, Downsview, Ontario, Canada
| | - R. S. Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, University of California, Berkeley, California, NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, and Atomospheric Enivironment, Downsview, Ontario, Canada
| | - E. J. Hintsa
- Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, University of California, Berkeley, California, NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, and Atomospheric Enivironment, Downsview, Ontario, Canada
| | - R. J. Salawitch
- Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, University of California, Berkeley, California, NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, and Atomospheric Enivironment, Downsview, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. J. Margitan
- Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, University of California, Berkeley, California, NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, and Atomospheric Enivironment, Downsview, Ontario, Canada
| | - C. T. McElroy
- Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, University of California, Berkeley, California, NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, and Atomospheric Enivironment, Downsview, Ontario, Canada
| | - C. Midwinter
- Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, University of California, Berkeley, California, NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, and Atomospheric Enivironment, Downsview, Ontario, Canada
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Lanzendorf EJ, Hanisco TF, Wennberg PO, Cohen RC, Stimpfle RM, Anderson JG, Gao RS, Margitan JJ, Bui TP. Establishing the Dependence of [HO2]/[OH] on Temperature, Halogen Loading, O3, and NOx Based on in Situ Measurements from the NASA ER-2. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002384l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. J. Lanzendorf
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; Department of Chemistry, University of CaliforniaBerkeley, Berkeley, California 94720; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109
| | - T. F. Hanisco
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; Department of Chemistry, University of CaliforniaBerkeley, Berkeley, California 94720; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109
| | - P. O. Wennberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; Department of Chemistry, University of CaliforniaBerkeley, Berkeley, California 94720; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109
| | - R. C. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; Department of Chemistry, University of CaliforniaBerkeley, Berkeley, California 94720; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109
| | - R. M. Stimpfle
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; Department of Chemistry, University of CaliforniaBerkeley, Berkeley, California 94720; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109
| | - J. G. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; Department of Chemistry, University of CaliforniaBerkeley, Berkeley, California 94720; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109
| | - R. S. Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; Department of Chemistry, University of CaliforniaBerkeley, Berkeley, California 94720; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109
| | - J. J. Margitan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; Department of Chemistry, University of CaliforniaBerkeley, Berkeley, California 94720; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109
| | - T. P. Bui
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; Department of Chemistry, University of CaliforniaBerkeley, Berkeley, California 94720; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Zimmermann
- Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Cohen RC, Perkins KK, Koch LC, Stimpfle RM, Wennberg PO, Hanisco TF, Lanzendorf EJ, Bonne GP, Voss PB, Salawitch RJ, Del Negro LA, Wilson JC, McElroy CT, Bui TP. Quantitative constraints on the atmospheric chemistry of nitrogen oxides: An analysis along chemical coordinates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cohen RC, O'loughlin EV, Davidson GP, Moore DJ. Reply. J Pediatr 2000; 137:289. [PMID: 10931435 DOI: 10.1067/mpd.2000.105466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RC Cohen
- Department of Surgery, New Children's Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia 2145
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Bonne GP, Stimpfle RM, Cohen RC, Voss PB, Perkins KK, Anderson JG, Salawitch RJ, Elkins JW, Dutton GS, Jucks KW, Toon GC. An examination of the inorganic chlorine budget in the lower stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine if vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) can be successfully corrected laparoscopically by a bladder "wrap" technique in a pig model. METHODS In 15 female piglets (mean weight, 22.5 kg) bilateral VUR was created by an open technique (11 grade 3, 2 each of grades 2 and 4). Eight weeks later (range, 4to 16 weeks) VUR was confirmed by fluoroscopic cystogram, and unilateral laparoscopic correction was performed. The contralateral ureter was used as a control. The bladder was emptied, and a 3F ureteric catheter was inserted on the repair side. Four 11-mm ports were inserted transperitoneally. The ureter was dissected to the ureterovesical junction (UVJ). Commencing at the UVJ, 2 (n = 9) or 3 (n = 6) black silk sutures were placed through the bladder muscle on either side of the ureter creating a bladder wrap around the distal 2 to 4 cm of ureter. At a mean of 16 weeks (range, 4 to 24 weeks) cystograms were repeated. The animals were killed the bladder and ureters underwent histopathology examination. RESULTS VUR was corrected in 12 animals (80%). There was persistence of VUR in 2 and ureteric obstruction in 1. The wrap was intact in all animals. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic correction of VUR by the bladder wrap technique is successful in pigs. Long-term follow-up studies will determine if this will be a satisfactory alternative surgical treatment for correction of VUR in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Cohen
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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Toon GC, Blavier JF, Sen B, Margitan JJ, Webster CR, May RD, Fahey D, Gao R, Del Negro L, Proffitt M, Elkins J, Romashkin PA, Hurst DF, Oltmans S, Atlas E, Schauffler S, Flocke F, Bui TP, Stimpfle RM, Bonne GP, Voss PB, Cohen RC. Comparison of MkIV balloon and ER-2 aircraft measurements of atmospheric trace gases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Singh SJ, Cummins GE, Cohen RC, Cass D, Harvey JG, Martin HC, Pitkin J, Shun A, Glasson MJ. Adverse outcome of congenital diaphragmatic hernia is determined by diaphragmatic agenesis, not by antenatal diagnosis. J Pediatr Surg 1999; 34:1740-2. [PMID: 10591584 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3468(99)90658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The authors studied their congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) cases retrospectively to ascertain if classical CDH and diaphragmatic agenesis (DA) have separate clinical manifestations, whether antenatally diagnosed cases behave differently from those not diagnosed antenatally, and if antenatal diagnosis before 25 weeks carries a worse prognosis. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective review of 23 infants with CDH treated at their institution between January 1996 and March 1999. The patients were divided into 3 groups that were analyzed: DA and classical CDH, antenatally diagnosed and nonantenatally diagnosed, and antenatally diagnosed before 25 weeks and after 25 weeks. RESULTS There were 8 cases of DA and 11 cases of classical CDH. Four infants died without operation and could not be classified. Neonates with DA had significantly longer mean duration of preoperative stabilization compared with classical CDH (5.25+/-2.76 days v 1.36+/-1.0 days) and postoperative mechanical ventilatory support (15.7+/-3.0 days v 4.9+/-3.0 days). Fifty percent of DA patients died; all classical CDH patients survived. Twelve cases were diagnosed antenatally, 6 before 25 weeks' gestation. Antenatally diagnosed cases had no statistically significant difference in mortality rates from those not diagnosed antenatally; 50% of those diagnosed before 25 weeks survived. CONCLUSIONS DA cases require more preoperative preparation and postoperative ventilation and have a bad prognosis compared with classical CDH. Antenatal diagnosis of CDH does not convey a different prognosis. Fifty percent of CDH patients with antenatal diagnosis before 25 weeks survive.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Singh
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, New Children's Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, Australia
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Stimpfle RM, Cohen RC, Bonne GP, Voss PB, Perkins KK, Koch LC, Anderson JG, Salawitch RJ, Lloyd SA, Gao RS, Del Negro LA, Keim ER, Bui TP. The coupling of ClONO2, ClO, and NO2in the lower stratosphere from in situ observations using the NASA ER-2 aircraft. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Del Negro LA, Fahey DW, Gao RS, Donnelly SG, Keim ER, Neuman JA, Cohen RC, Perkins KK, Koch LC, Salawitch RJ, Lloyd SA, Proffitt MH, Margitan JJ, Stimpfle RM, Bonne GP, Voss PB, Wennberg PO, McElroy CT, Swartz WH, Kusterer TL, Anderson DE, Lait LR, Bui TP. Comparison of modeled and observed values of NO2and JNO2during the Photochemistry of Ozone Loss in the Arctic Region in Summer (POLARIS) mission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Drdla K, Pueschel RF, Strawa AW, Cohen RC, Hanisco TF. Microphysics and chemistry of sulphate aerosols at warm stratospheric temperatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sen B, Osterman GB, Salawitch RJ, Toon GC, Margitan JJ, Blavier JF, Chang AY, May RD, Webster CR, Stimpfle RM, Bonne GP, Voss PB, Perkins KK, Anderson JG, Cohen RC, Elkins JW, Dutton GS, Hurst DF, Romashkin PA, Atlas EL, Schauffler SM, Loewenstein M. The budget and partitioning of stratospheric chlorine during the 1997 Arctic summer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cohen RC, O'Loughlin EV, Davidson GP, Moore DJ, Lawrence DM. Cisapride in the control of symptoms in infants with gastroesophageal reflux: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Pediatr 1999; 134:287-92. [PMID: 10064663 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(99)70451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of cisapride in the treatment of uncomplicated gastroesophageal reflux in children younger than 36 months of age. STUDY DESIGN A total of 95 patients satisfied the entry criteria and were randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with either cisapride (n = 50), 0.2 mg/kg 4 times daily, or placebo (n = 45) for 2 weeks. At the end of the 2-week treatment period, symptom diary and parental evaluation with repeat 24-hour pH study were performed. RESULTS Sixty-eight patients completed the trial (38 in the cisapride group and 30 in the placebo group). There were no significant differences in the symptoms of crying, vomiting, or gagging; the overall symptom intensity score; or parental global evaluations. There was a significant difference (P <.03) in the percent time pH <4, the number of reflux episodes lasting more than 5 minutes, and the duration of the longest episode. No significant difference was demonstrated for the number of episodes with pH <4 or the reflux score. CONCLUSIONS Cisapride was no better than placebo for relief of symptoms in children with uncomplicated gastroesophageal reflux. A beneficial effect was demonstrated in the cisapride group in relation to the measured parameters for esophageal acid exposure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Cohen
- Department of Surgery, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Desai
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Jaeglé L, Webster CR, May RD, Scott DC, Stimpfle RM, Kohn DW, Wennberg PO, Hanisco TF, Cohen RC, Proffitt MH, Kelly KK, Elkins J, Baumgardner D, Dye JE, Wilson JC, Pueschel RF, Chan KR, Salawitch RJ, Tuck AF, Hovde SJ, Yung YL. Evolution and stoichiometry of heterogeneous processing in the Antarctic stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cohen RC, Rosene J, Landry J, Paolone VJ. THERMOREGULATION IN GLYCOGEN DEPLETED INDIVIDUALS IN A COLD WATER ENVIRONMENT555. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997. [DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199705001-00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
The treatment of ureteroceles in children requires an individualised approach. Antenatal diagnosis is the ideal, so that postnatal urinary antibiotic prophylaxis and appropriate investigations can be organised. Postnatal investigations should assess both upper and lower urinary tract. Renal and bladder ultrasound and radiographic micturating cystourethragraphy under antibiotic cover will both detect vesicoureteric reflux and assess any bladder outlet obstruction due to the ureterocele. Renal function, particularly of the upper moiety, is best evaluated by technetium Tc99m dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scan. Both function and obstruction can be quantitated by the Tc99m-mercaptoacetyltriglycine isotope scan with intravenous volume expansion (10 ml/kg) and furosemide diuresis (1 mg/kg). Intravenous urography provides the best anatomic information when the upper moiety is functional. The surgical management is based on the clinical situation, which is often variable, and therefore needs to be tailored for each patient. The general principles include restoration of anatomy to as near normal as possible and preservation of functional renal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Roy
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Westmead Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
The authors report the first successful endoscopic laser division of a congenital esophageal web in a child in whom dilatation had failed. Laser lysis is minimally invasive and should be attempted before surgery is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Roy
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Australia
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