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Devi K, Paulraj J, Shanmugam R, Maiti S. Miswak-Infused Glass Ionomer Cement: A Comparative In Vitro Analysis of Antibacterial Efficacy and Compressive Strength. Cureus 2024; 16:e53484. [PMID: 38440002 PMCID: PMC10910250 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glass ionomer cement (GIC) restorations are commonly used in primary dentition, due to their aesthetic appeal, self-adhesive nature, and biocompatibility. However, the material's limited antibacterial activity and inadequate mechanical strength highlight the necessity for modifying the material. AIM The study aims to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial potency and compressive strength of GIC-incorporated Miswak extract with that of conventional GIC. MATERIALS AND METHODS After obtaining the Miswak extract, a modified GIC was formulated by combining the extract with the conventional GIC powder and liquid components, in three different ratios (Powder: Extract and Liquid), Group I (2:1:1), Group II (3:1:2), Group III (3:2:1), and the Group IV as control, which consist of unmodified/conventional GIC. To evaluate and compare the antibacterial efficacy of the modified and unmodified GIC, standard strains of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus were utilized. For each group, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay was tested. For the evaluation of compressive strength, cylindrical moulds were utilized in compliance with ISO 9917-1:2007 standards and tested using the universal testing machine (Instron, ElectroPuls®, Bangalore, IND). The highest force exerted at the point of specimen fracture was recorded to calculate the compressive strength values in MPa. The data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp., Version 24.0, Armonk, NY) software. The statistical analysis was conducted utilizing repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) to calculate the mean MIC values and compressive strength, with pairwise comparisons assessed using Tukey's post hoc test. RESULTS The results proved that the antimicrobial properties of Miswak containing GIC performed better against S. mutans and Lactobacillus with a statistically significant difference when compared with group IV (p<0.05), it has been found that an increase in the concentration of extract increased the antimicrobial potency. Significant results were obtained in compressive strength where Group II (41.49±3.6) and Group III (15.23±4.96) proved to be weaker than the control (62.69±2.58), while Group I showed no differences from the control group (p>0.05). CONCLUSION It can be concluded that Group I was found to be better in terms of both antimicrobial properties and compressive strength, where no significant difference in compressive strength was identified when comparing Group I with Group IV. Thus, the overall study depicts that a lesser concentration of extract can be the best option in terms of good antimicrobial properties without altering its strength. Hence, the Miswak containing GIC could be a promising restorative material; further studies should include considering intraoral variables such as masticatory stress, moisture levels and in-vivo tests of this combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamala Devi
- Pediatric Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| | - Jessy Paulraj
- Pediatric Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| | - Rajeshkumar Shanmugam
- Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| | - Subhabrata Maiti
- Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
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Devi K, Paulraj J, George RS, Shanmugam R, Maiti S. A Comparative In Vitro Analysis of Antimicrobial Effectiveness and Compressive Resilience in Chirata and Terminalia arjuna Modified Glass Ionomer Cement. Cureus 2024; 16:e52198. [PMID: 38347981 PMCID: PMC10859781 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glass ionomer cements are commonly utilized in dental restorations due to their biocompatibility, strong chemical bond with dental tissues, and ability to resist tooth decay. However, their effectiveness can be compromised by the presence of persistent cavity-causing microorganisms. Therefore, it is essential to consider incorporating antibacterial agents into these restorative materials. Swertia chirayita (S. chirayita) and Terminalia arjuna (T. arjuna) are well-known for their rich composition of phytochemicals that can potentially inhibit the growth of bacteria. Hence, the current research is focused on modifying glass ionomer cement with Chirayita and T. arjuna extracts to enhance its antibacterial properties. AIM This research aims to determine the antimicrobial efficacy and compressive strength of glass ionomer cement modified with Chirayita and T. arjuna extracts. METHODOLOGY Plant extracts were prepared from both Chirayita and T. arjuna. The powder and liquid components of conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) were mixed, followed by adding these extracts at three different concentrations. To assess antimicrobial properties, typical strains of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus were employed to test both the modified GIC and unmodified GIC (used as a control). For Chirayita and T. arjuna-modified GIC, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays were conducted at three different concentrations. MIC was assessed at various time intervals ranging from 1 to 4 hours for modified and unmodified groups. Moreover, compressive strength was measured using cylindrical molds. The highest force exerted at the point of specimen fracture was recorded to calculate the compressive strength values in megapascal (MPa). RESULTS The antimicrobial efficiency of Chirata and T. arjuna-modified GIC was evaluated using a MIC assay, indicating a statistically significant enhancement in antimicrobial potency against S. mutans and Lactobacillus within the modified groups in contrast to the control group (p<0.05). However, there were no notable changes in compressive strength when comparing the control group to the modified groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The antimicrobial effectiveness against S. mutans was observed to be greater in both T. arjuna and Chirayita-modified GIC. In the case of Lactobacillus, Chirayita-modified GIC exhibited more pronounced antimicrobial properties compared to T. arjuna. Importantly, both extracts did not alter the compressive strength of Conventional (unmodified) GIC. Hence, Chirayita-modified GIC appears to be a promising restorative material for combatting recurrent caries. Additional investigation is required to assess the material's stability over an extended period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamala Devi
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Jessy Paulraj
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Rinki S George
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Rajeshkumar Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Subhabrata Maiti
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Lim WH, Chan KE, Ng CH, Tan DJH, Tay PWL, Chin YH, Yong JN, Xiao J, Fu CE, Nah B, Tiong HY, Syn N, Devi K, Griva K, Mak LLY, Huang DQ, Fung J, Siddiqui MS, Muthiah M, Tan EXX. A qualitative systematic review of anonymous/unspecified living kidney and liver donors' perspectives. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277792. [PMID: 36584032 PMCID: PMC9803135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES & BACKGROUND Anonymous live organ donors or unspecified donors are individuals willing to be organ donors for any transplant recipient with whom they have no biological or antecedent emotional relationship. Despite excellent recipient outcomes and the potential to help address organ scarcity, controversy surrounds the unconditional act of gifting one's organs to an unrelated recipient. This qualitative systematic review provides insights into the first-hand experiences, motivations, and challenges that unspecified donors face. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science database for qualitative literature regarding unspecified living donors' motivations and experiences in liver and kidney transplantation. An inductive thematic analysis was conducted to generate themes and supportive subthemes. RESULTS 12 studies were included. The four major themes were (i) motivations, (ii) perception of risks, (iii) donor support, and (iv) benefits of donation. Unspecified donors demonstrated a deep sense of social responsibility but tended to underestimate health risks in favour of benefits for recipients. Despite the lack of emotional support from family and friends, the decision to donate was a resolute personal decision for donors. Majority benefitted emotionally and did not express regret. CONCLUSION This qualitative review bridges the gap in literature on unspecified living donor psychology and provides a comprehensive understanding of the decision-making matrix and experiences of donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hui Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (WHL); (EXXT)
| | - Kai En Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Han Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Darren Jun Hao Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Phoebe Wen Lin Tay
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yip Han Chin
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Ning Yong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jieling Xiao
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clarissa Elysia Fu
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Nah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ho Yee Tiong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Urology, University Surgical Cluster, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Syn
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kamala Devi
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Konstadina Griva
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Loey Lung Yi Mak
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel Q. Huang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - James Fung
- Division of Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery at Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Mohammad Shadab Siddiqui
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mark Muthiah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eunice X. X. Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (WHL); (EXXT)
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Lim GEH, Tang A, Chin YH, Yong JN, Tan D, Tay P, Chan YY, Lim DMW, Yeo JW, Chan KE, Devi K, Ong CEC, Foo RSY, Tan HC, Chan MY, Ho R, Loh PH, Chew NWS. A network meta-analysis of 12,116 individuals from randomized controlled trials in the treatment of depression after acute coronary syndrome. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278326. [PMID: 36449499 PMCID: PMC9710843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-acute coronary syndrome (ACS) depression is a common but not well understood complication experienced by ACS patients. Research on the effectiveness of various therapies remains limited. Hence, we sought to conduct a network meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of different interventions for post-ACS depression in improving patient outcomes. METHODS AND FINDINGS Three electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled trials describing different depression treatment modalities in post-ACS patients. Each article was screened based on inclusion criteria and relevant data were extracted. A bivariate analysis and a network meta-analysis was performed using risk ratios (RR) and standardized mean differences (SMD) for binary and continuous outcomes, respectively. A total of 30 articles were included in our analysis. Compared to standard care, psychosocial therapy was associated with the greatest reduction in depression scores (SMD:-1.21, 95% CI: -1.81 to -0.61, p<0.001), followed by cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) (SMD: -0.75, 95% CI: -0.99 to -0.52, p<0.001), antidepressants (SMD: -0.73, 95% CI: -1.14 to -0.31, p<0.001), and lastly, combination therapy (SMD: -0.15, 95% CI: -0.28 to -0.03, p = 0.016). No treatment modalities was found to be more effective in reducing depression scores when compared to one another. Additional analysis showed that these treatment modalities did not have significant impact on the overall mortality, cardiac mortality and recurrent myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION This network meta-analysis found that the treatment effect of the various psychological modalities on depression severity were similar. Future trials on psychological interventions assessing clinical outcomes and improvement in adherence to ACS-specific interventions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace En Hui Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ansel Tang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yip Han Chin
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (NWSC); (YHC)
| | - Jie Ning Yong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Darren Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Phoebe Tay
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Yi Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Denzel Ming Wei Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Wei Yeo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai En Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kamala Devi
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Colin Eng Choon Ong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger S. Y. Foo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huay-Cheem Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Y. Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Poay Huan Loh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas W. S. Chew
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (NWSC); (YHC)
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Anand VV, Zhe ELC, Chin YH, Lim WH, Goh RSJ, Lin C, Ng CH, Kong G, Tay PWL, Devi K, Muthiah M, Singh V, Chu DT, Khoo CM, Chan MY, Dimitriadis GK, Foo R, Chew NWS. Barriers and Facilitators to Engagement With a Weight Management Intervention in Asian Patients With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review. Endocr Pract 2022; 29:398-407. [PMID: 36396016 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The obesity epidemic is a global health concern with Asian countries facing one of the most rapid rises in obesity rates. However, given the underwhelming long-term efficacy of weight loss strategies, especially in Asia, this review aimed to explore barriers and facilitators to weight management of patients with overweight and obesity in Asia. METHODS Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched for articles discussing barriers and facilitators of treatment to obesity from the perspectives of both health care professionals (HCPs) and patients. Qualitative and mixed method studies from Asia were included. Key quotes were extracted, coded, and thematically analyzed according to the methodology of Thomas and Harden. RESULTS A total of 26 articles were included in this review. From patient perspectives, 3 main themes were identified: factors influencing poor eating behavior, inhibiting lifestyle modifications, and facilitating lifestyle modifications. Patients highlighted several barriers including the lack of social support, physiologic limitations to exercise, and low health literacy. Rigid sociocultural norms and lack of accessible health care services, exercise facilities, and healthy food exacerbated the barriers. Facilitators to lifestyle modifications consisted of strong support systems and high health literacy. HCPs agreed that low health literacy, lack of social support, and patient motivation impeded patients' weight loss attempts but were unaware of the other barriers they faced. CONCLUSION There are discrepancies between ideas of barriers and facilitators of HCPs and patients. A mixture of population level, primary care, and personal interventions are required to address this disparity, and enhanced health literacy can improve weight loss outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vickram Vijay Anand
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Ethan Lee Cheng Zhe
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Yip Han Chin
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Wen Hui Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachel Sze Jen Goh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chaoxing Lin
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Han Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gwyneth Kong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Phoebe Wen Lin Tay
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kamala Devi
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Muthiah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Natural Science and Technology, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Department of Endocrinology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Mark Y Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore; Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Georgios K Dimitriadis
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology ASO/EASO COM, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Foo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore; Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Nicholas W S Chew
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Health System, Singapore.
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Ng CH, Lim WH, Chin YH, Yong JN, Zeng RW, Chan KE, Tan DJH, Fu CE, Tang ASP, Goh LH, Devi K, Chew NWS, Mak LYL, Tamaki N, Huang DQ, Noureddin M, Siddiqui MS, Loomba R, Sanyal AJ, Muthiah M. Living in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease silent epidemic: a qualitative systematic review of patients' perspectives. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 56:570-579. [PMID: 35791632 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects one-fourth of the global population. Yet, the care of these patients is limited and awareness of NAFLD remains low in the general public. Investigations into the lives of these patients are often forgotten and traditional quantitative studies only paint part of the picture. AIM To assess the first-hand accounts of these individuals and their perspective on living with NAFLD. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science database for qualitative literature regarding patients' perspectives on NAFLD. An inductive thematic analysis was conducted to generate themes and supportive subthemes. RESULTS We incuded eight articles in the review. There were three major themes including the impact on the quality of life, knowledge and information, and attitudes and perceptions on care. The impact of the quality of life details the emotional and physical distress of NAFLD. Knowledge and information include the lack of sufficient communication between healthcare providers and patients with a distinct knowledge gap. Attitudes and perceptions on care extrapolate the current active participation of patients and needs of the patients and the future care that they desire. CONCLUSION This review synthesises first-hand accounts of individuals with NAFLD. With the growing burden of NAFLD, future public interventions must consider individual views for success to be found. The identified themes serve as a forefront for consideration for public policies. Ultimately, NAFLD is a multisystem disease, which must be managed by a multidisciplinary team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Han Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Hui Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yip Han Chin
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Ning Yong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Kai En Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Darren Jun Hao Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clarissa Elysia Fu
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ansel Shao Pin Tang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lay Hoon Goh
- Division of Family Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kamala Devi
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas W S Chew
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Lung-Yi Loey Mak
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Nobuharu Tamaki
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel Q Huang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.,National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Mazen Noureddin
- Cedars-Sinai Fatty Liver Program, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohammad Shadab Siddiqui
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Mark Muthiah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.,National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore
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Lim KT, Decruz GM, Ng CH, Jain SR, Chin YH, Chong CS, Devi K. Moving beyond the initial colonoscopy: a call for action. Eur J Cancer Prev 2021; 30:373-374. [PMID: 33470691 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The evolution of colorectal screening has made headway with continual efforts globally to increase screening rates for colonoscopy-naïve patients. However, little has been done to encourage repeat colonoscopies after the initial scope despite recommendations to repeat colonoscopy every 10 years, with the uptake rates of repeat colonoscopy remaining abysmal at 22%. METHODS Previously, a qualitative systematic review evaluated the barriers and facilitators patients faced in their decisions to undergo colonoscopy, analyzing articles from Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Key findings from articles which highlighted factors influencing patients' decisions to return for repeat colonoscopies were summarized. RESULTS Three articles were identified in the search. Facilitators for repeat colonoscopy included patients' assurance garnered from fostered trust in the patient-provider relationship, their intrinsic motivations from fear of cancer and an innate appreciation for the significance of obtaining repeated colonoscopies. Procedural factors such as the option for procedural visualization, its comprehensiveness and the utilization of anesthesia were also crucial motivators. Barriers that patients highlighted comprised of cumbersome bowel preparation and potential complications. DISCUSSION Recently, minimal research has been conducted on the sentiments of healthcare providers and patients regarding repeat colonoscopy. The lack of emphasis from healthcare institutions on encouraging patients to repeat colonoscopy after 10 years prevents effective colorectal cancer screening. To proficiently alleviate the burden of colorectal cancer, patient counseling has to shift beyond explaining colonoscopy risks and complications to promoting regular follow-up scopes. This article thus calls for more studies to focus on evaluating the uptake of repeat colonoscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kia T Lim
- Department of Medicine, Devi Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore
| | - Glenn M Decruz
- Department of Medicine, Devi Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore
| | - Cheng H Ng
- Department of Medicine, Devi Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore
| | - Sneha R Jain
- Department of Medicine, Devi Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore
| | - Yip H Chin
- Department of Medicine, Devi Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore
| | - Choon S Chong
- Department of Medicine, Devi Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery, National University Hospital
| | - Kamala Devi
- Department of Nursing, Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Colonoscopy is integral in the early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC), be it for screening, diagnostic or therapeutic intentions. Despite the presence of multiple screening modalities, colonoscopy remains integral in providing a definitive CRC diagnosis. However, uptake rates remain low worldwide with minimal understanding towards stakeholders' perspectives. This systematic review is the first to outline the barriers and facilitators faced by providers and patients in receiving colonoscopy specifically. METHODS Using PRISMA guidelines, our systematic review consolidates findings from Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science Core collection. All perceptions of healthcare providers and screening participants aged 45 and above towards colonoscopy were included. RESULTS Forty-five articles were included in our review. Five major analytical themes were identified - procedural perceptions, personal experiences, thoughts and concerns, societal influences, doctor-patient relationship and healthcare system. The discrepancies in knowledge between patients and providers have evidently reduced in the present decade, potentially attributable to the rising influence of social media. The sharing of providers' personal experiences, involvement of patients' family in colonoscopy recommendations and propagation of patients' positive recounts were also more apparent in the past compared to the present decade, highlighting the need to reevaluate the balance between medical confidentiality and personal touch. Additionally, Asian patients were reportedly more apathetic towards CRC diagnosis due to their strong belief in destiny, a crucial association consistent with present studies. CONCLUSION This study highlights pertinent gaps in our healthcare system, providing crucial groundwork for interventions to be enacted in engendering higher colonoscopy uptake rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kia Teng Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | - Cheng Han Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | | | - Tian Zhi Lim
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital
| | - Kamala Devi
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ker-Kan Tan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital
| | - Choon Seng Chong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital
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Selvi A, Devi K, Manimekalai R, Prathima PT. Comparative analysis of drought-responsive transcriptomes of sugarcane genotypes with differential tolerance to drought. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:236. [PMID: 32399386 PMCID: PMC7203378 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Water stress causes considerable yield losses in sugarcane. To investigate differentially expressed genes under water stress, two sugarcane genotypes were subjected to three water-deficit levels (mild, moderate, and severe) and subsequent recovery and leaf transcriptome was generated using Illumina NextSeq sequencing. Among the differentially expressed genes, the tolerant genotype Co 06022 generated 2970 unigenes (p ≤ 0.05, functionally known, non-redundant DEGs) at 2-day stress, and there was a progressive decrease in the expressed genes as the stress period increased with 2109 unigenes at 6-day stress and 2307 unigenes at 10-day stress. There was considerable reduction at recovery with 1334 unigenes expressed at 10 days after recovery. However, in the susceptible genotype Co 8021, the number of unigenes expressed at 2 days was lower (2025) than the tolerant genotype and a further reduction was seen at 6-day stress (1552). During recovery, more differentially expressed genes were observed in the susceptible cultivar indicating that the cultivar has to activate more functions/processes to recover from the damage caused by stress. Comparison of DEGs between all stages of stress and recovery in both genotypes revealed that, the commonly up- and down-regulated genes across different stages were approximately double in the tolerant genotype. The most enriched gene ontology classes were heme binding, peroxidase activity and metal ion binding in the biological process and response to oxidative stress, hydrogen peroxide catabolic process and response to stress in the molecular function category. The cellular component was enriched with DEGs involved in extracellular region followed by integral component of membrane. The KEGG pathway analysis revealed important metabolic activities and functionally important genes involved in mitigating water-deficit stress in both the varieties. In addition, several unannotated genes in important pathways were detected and together may provide novel insights into water-deficit tolerance mechanisms in sugarcane. The reliability of the observed expression patterns was confirmed by qRT-PCR. The results of this study will help to identify useful genes for improving drought tolerance in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Selvi
- Biotechnology Section, Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Council of Agricultural Research- Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 007 India
| | - K. Devi
- Biotechnology Section, Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Council of Agricultural Research- Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 007 India
| | - R. Manimekalai
- Biotechnology Section, Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Council of Agricultural Research- Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 007 India
| | - P. T. Prathima
- Biotechnology Section, Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Council of Agricultural Research- Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 007 India
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Devi K. TRACHEOBRONCHIAL STENOSIS: DIFFERENT PRESENTATIONS AND DIFFERENT TREATMENT APPROACH. Chest 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.05.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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11
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Devi K, Sunil G, Ambooken B, Asokan N. Effect of chronicity and treatment on in vivo morphology and density of dermatophytes. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2020; 86:736-738. [DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.ijdvl_155_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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12
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Devi K, Liu Y, Ostrowski S, Fisher D, Anandasabapathy N. 119 High PD-1 expression in TRM-like TILs in a spontaneous melanoma model. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Casals JC, Parsa S, Kumar SC, Devi K, Schunemann PG, Ebrahim-Zadeh M. Picosecond difference-frequency-generation in orientation-patterned gallium phosphide. Opt Express 2017; 25:19595-19602. [PMID: 29041152 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.019595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the generation of tunable high-repetition-rate picosecond radiation in the mid-infrared using the new quasi-phase-matched nonlinear material of orientation-patterned gallium phosphide (OP-GaP). The source is realized by single-pass difference-frequency-generation (DFG) between the output signal of a picosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO) tunable across 1609-1637 nm with input pump pulses at 1064 nm in OP-GaP, resulting in tunable radiation across 3040-3132 nm. Using a 40-mm-long crystal, we have generated up to 57 mW of DFG average power at ~80 MHz repetition rate for a pump power of 5 W and signal power of 0.9 W, with >30 mW over >50% of the tuning range. The DFG source exhibits a passive power stability better than 3.2% rms over 1 hour in good spatial beam quality. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first picosecond frequency conversion source based on OP-GaP.
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Suarez-Farinas M, Devi K, Dannenfelser R, Izar B, Prakadan S, Zhu Q, Yoon C, Regev A, Garraway L, Shalek A, Troyansakaya O, Anandasabapathy N. 065 Highly conserved tissue immune signatures are co-opted in cancer. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Devi K, Melssen M, Tirosh I, Izar B, Olson W, Engelhard V, Slingluff C, Regev A, Garraway L, Kupper T, Yoon C, Suarez-Farinas M, Anandasabapathy N. 062 Human melanoma TILs share phenotypic and transcriptional properties with tissue resident memory T cells. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liu Y, Nirschl C, Kim T, Devi K, Anandasabapathy N. 644 Suppressors of cytokine signaling 2 (Socs2) inhibits NF-kB-dependent-signaling during acute activation of DC. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ramaiah-Badarla V, Chaitanya Kumar S, Esteban-Martin A, Devi K, Zawilski KT, Schunemann PG, Ebrahim-Zadeh M. Ti:sapphire-pumped deep-infrared femtosecond optical parametric oscillator based on CdSiP2. Opt Lett 2016; 41:1708-1711. [PMID: 27082325 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.001708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on a femtosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO) for the deep-infrared (deep-IR) based on the Kerr-lens-mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser as the pump source. By deploying a novel cascaded intracavity arrangement, comprising a femtosecond OPO based on the nonlinear crystal, CdSiP2, synchronously pumped internal to a MgO:PPLN femtosecond OPO, we have generated broadly tunable radiation across 5958-8117 nm using rapid static cavity delay tuning, with a maximum power of 64 μW at 6791 nm, limited by the absorption in mirror substrates as well as polarization-dependent intracavity losses. The deep-IR idler power exhibits excellent passive stability of better than 1.1% rms over 2 h, with a spectral bandwidth as large as ∼650 nm at ∼6800 nm. The demonstrated concept is generic and can be similarly deployed in other operating time scales and wavelength regions, also using different laser pump sources and nonlinear materials.
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Devi K, George S, Narayanan B. A study of severe cutaneous adverse reactions to drugs with special reference to treatment outcome. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2016; 82:239. [DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.174416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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20
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Devi K, Rajavel T, Russo G, Daglia M, Nabavi S, Nabavi S. Molecular Targets of Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Cancer Therapy. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2015; 15:888-95. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520615666150424124606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chaitanya Kumar S, Canals Casals J, Sanchez Bautista E, Devi K, Ebrahim-Zadeh M. Yb-fiber-laser-based, 1.8 W average power, picosecond ultraviolet source at 266 nm. Opt Lett 2015; 40:2397-2400. [PMID: 26393749 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.002397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a compact, stable, high-power, picosecond ultraviolet (UV) source at 266 nm based on simple single-pass two-step fourth-harmonic generation (FHG) of a mode-locked Yb-fiber laser at 79.5 MHz in LiB3O5 (LBO) and β-BaB2O4. Using a 30-mm-long LBO crystal for single-pass second-harmonic generation, we achieve up to 9.1 W of average green power at 532 nm for 16.8 W of Yb-fiber power at a conversion efficiency of 54% in 16.2 ps pulses with a TEM00 spatial profile and passive power stability better than 0.5% rms over 16 h. The generated green radiation is then used for single-pass FHG into the UV, providing as much as 1.8 W of average power at 266 nm under the optimum focusing condition in the presence of spatial walk-off, at an overall FHG conversion efficiency of ∼11%. The generated UV output exhibits passive power stability better than 4.6% rms over 1.5 h and beam pointing stability better than 84 μrad over 1 h. The UV output beam has a circularity of >80% in high beam quality with the TEM00 mode profile. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of picosecond UV generation at 266 nm at megahertz repetition rates.
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George S, Devi K, Asokan N, Narayanan B. Toxic epidermal necrolysis secondary to timolol, ketorolac, and moxifloxacin eyedrops. Muller J Med Sci Res 2014. [DOI: 10.4103/0975-9727.135813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
Pioglitazone, a class II Biopharmaceutical Classification System drug having poor water solubility and slow dissolution rate may have a negative impact on its subtherapeutic plasma drug levels leading to therapeutic failure. In order to improve its water solubility and thus dissolution, cyclodextrin complexation technique was followed. The phase solubility studies were carried using three different types of cyclodextrins viz., β, methyl-β and γ-cyclodextrins. The Gibbs free energy was calculated in order to determine ease of the complexation. Binary systems of pioglitazone with cyclodextrins were prepared by kneading method and spray drying method. The phase solubility profiles with all the three cyclodextrins were classified as AL-type, indicating the formation of 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complexes. The complexation capability of cyclodextrins with pioglitazone increased in the order of methyl-β > β > γ-cyclodextrin. The Gibbs free energy was found to be in the order γ > methyl-β > β cyclodextrin. Characterization of inclusion complexes was done by solubility studies, in vitro dissolution studies, Fourier transformation-infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffractometry studies. Inclusion complexes exhibited higher rates of dissolution than the corresponding physical mixtures and pure drug. Greater solubility was observed with spray-dried methyl-β cyclodextrin complexes (2.29 ± 0.001 mg/ml) in comparison to the kneaded methyl-β cyclodextrin complexes (1.584 ± 0.053 mg/ml) and pure drug (0.0714 ± 0.0018 mg/ml).
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pandit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Al Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
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Lee S, Saw SH, Lee P, Rawat RS, Devi K. Magnetic Reynolds Number and Neon Current Sheet Structure in the Axial Phase of a Plasma Focus. J Fusion Energ 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-012-9521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
AIM This paper is a report of a study to evaluate the validity of three fall-risk assessment tools to identify patients at high risk for falls. BACKGROUND Patient falls make up 38% of all adverse events occurring in hospital settings, and may result in physical injury and undesirable emotional and financial outcomes. No single fall-risk assessment tool has been conclusively validated. METHOD The Morse Fall Scale, St Thomas Risk Assessment Tool in Falling Elderly Inpatients, and Hendrich II Fall Risk Model were validated in inter-rater reliability and validity studies in 2003. This included assessment of the probability of disagreement, kappa-values, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values and negative predictive values of the assessment tools with the associated 95% CI. FINDINGS One hundred and forty-four patients were recruited for the inter-rater reliability study. The probabilities of disagreement were between 2.8% and 9.7%, and 95% CI for all tools ranged from 1.1% to 15.7%. The kappa-values were all higher than 0.80. In the validity study, 5489 patients were recruited to observe 60 falls. The Morse Fall Scale at a cutoff score of 25 and Heindrich II Fall Risk Model at a cutoff score of 5 had strong sensitivity values of 88% and 70%, respectively. However, in comparison with the Morse Fall Scale (specificity = 48.3%), only the Heindrich II Fall Risk Model had a more acceptable level of specificity (61.5%). CONCLUSION The Heindrich II Fall Risk Model is potentially useful in identifying patients at high risk for falls in acute care facilities.
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Devi K, Roy G. Study of child labor among school children in urban and rural areas of Pondicherry. Indian J Community Med 2008; 33:116-8. [PMID: 19967037 PMCID: PMC2784617 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.40881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Accepted: 08/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Devi K, George S, Criton S, Suja V, Sridevi PK. Carbamazepine--the commonest cause of toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome: a study of 7 years. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2006; 71:325-8. [PMID: 16394456 DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.16782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) are a group of severe life threatening drug reactions. The drugs commonly implicated as the cause of these drug reactions vary depending on host factors and the prescription pattern of drugs in that particular area. AIM The aim of the study was to find the drugs implicated as the cause of SJS/TEN in the patients admitted in the dermatology ward at the Medical College, Thrissur and to find the clinical outcome. METHODS It was a retrospective study of 7 years from 1997 to 2004. The case records of all patients with a clinical diagnosis of TEN or SJS were studied in detail regarding the drugs implicated as the cause, the management and the clinical outcome. RESULTS During the study period, 41 patients in the age group ranging from 12 to 72 years were treated as inpatients, of which 20 were males and 21 were females. The commonest drug implicated as the cause of SJS/TEN was carbamazepine (44%). The indication for carbamazepine was control of pain in more than 50% of the cases. Presence of a major systemic disease before the onset of SJS/TEN was associated with a bad prognosis. CONCLUSION The increased use of carbamazepine, especially for control of pain, may be the reason for the increased incidence of SJS/TEN due to the same drug. Awareness about the drugs implicated in life threatening drug reactions will help physicians in preventing them by judicious use of the drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Devi
- Department of Skin and VD., Medical College, Kottayam, India.
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Goel P, Radotra A, Devi K, Malhotra S, Aggarwal A, Huria A. Maternal and perinatal outcome in pregnancy with hypothyroidism. Indian J Med Sci 2005; 59:116-7. [PMID: 15805683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
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Goel P, Radotra A, Devi K, Malhotra S, Aggarwal A, Huria A. Maternal and perinatal outcome in pregnancy with hypothyroidism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.4103/0019-5359.15089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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30
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Devi K, Mohan H, Radotra A. Massive cervical growth in pregnancy due to benign cervical adenosis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2003; 82:65-6. [PMID: 12834944 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(03)00077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Devi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, India.
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Devi K, Patnaik L, Chakravorty S, Mishra K, Mohanty GN. Bone marrow necrosis in paediatric patients. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2000; 43:47-50. [PMID: 12583419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrosis of bone marrow is a very rare condition with a prevalence ranging from 0.15 to 7 percent. It is mostly not compatible with life. We diagnosed four cases of necrotic marrow out of 830 bone marrow aspirations done in last five years of time. All were paediatric patients having peripheral pancytopenia. Three out of four patients expired within one month of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Devi
- Division of Haematology, Department of Pathology, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack
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Abstract
A transdermal delivery system containing the anti-inflammatory analgesic diclofenac diethyl ammonium in an ethyl hexyl acrylate and vinyl acetate pressure-sensitive adhesive system was developed for percutaneous absorption. These patches were subjected to in vitro permeation and permeation enhancement studies through rat skin using a specially designed diffusion cell. Further, the work deals with percutaneous absorption studies carried out on both animals and human volunteers. The pharmacokinetic parameters calculated from the blood levels of the drug reveal a profile typical of a sustained-release formulation, with the ability to maintain adequate plasma levels for 24 hr (i.e., up to the next application). (Area under the curve [AUC]: 4.356 +/- 1.3 mcg/ml.hr in animals and 0.442 +/- 0.053 mcg/ml.hr in humans; Tmax was 8 hr in both the cases, whereas Cmax was 0.288 +/- 0.088 mcg/ml in animals and 0.034 +/- .008 mcg/ml in human volunteers.) The amount of the drug bioavailable for targeting the sites of action is lower than via the oral route, but the absorbed dose appears to be adequate for therapeutic use, particularly because of the absence of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Devi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore University, India
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Abstract
Two hundred and seventy five pregnancies in patients with congenital heart disease during 1980-1996 were analyzed retrospectively. Maternal and perinatal outcome was compared in 251 pregnancies of women with acyanotic and 24 pregnancies of women with cyanotic heart disease. Congenital heart disease was diagnosed during the index pregnancy in 26.1% of patients and the majority (88.4%) were in NYHA classes 1 and 2. Atrial septal defect (27.7%) was the most common lesion in women with acyanotic heart disease and the majority with cyanotic heart disease had Eisenmenger syndrome, 13 of 21 (61.9%). Sixty pregnancies occurred in patients with surgically corrected lesions (acyanotic, 56; cyanotic, 4). The incidences of abortions (8.3%), stillbirths (13.6%) and small for gestational age (SGA) (36.4%) were higher in cyanotic heart disease compared to acyanotic heart disease (stillbirth, 0.8%; SGA, 6.9%). There was a statistically significant difference in mean maternal age, mean gestational age and mean birth-weight in the surgically corrected and noncorrected lesions in both acyanotic and cyanotic heart disease. There was 1 maternal death in a woman with Eisenmenger syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sawhney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a severe, idiosyncratic, exfoliative disease of the skin and mucous membranes. The treatment of this condition is controversial. High-dose corticosteroid therapy has been the most commonly advocated treatment, but, more recently, this has changed to a no-steroid protocol. These conflicting treatments prompted us to evaluate retrospectively our protocol. METHODS The patients admitted to the hospital from 1989 to 1995 with a clinical diagnosis of TEN were included in the study. These patients were given systemic steroids, prophylactic antibiotic, and supportive measures. RESULTS The patients belonged to both sexes with an average age of 34 years. The average area of involvement was 85.62%. All the patients made an uneventful recovery without any evidence of sepsis. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with systemic steroids is useful in the management of TEN, and there is no need for a burn care center.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Criton
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Medical College Hospital, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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Tang R, Mercuri M, Espeland M, Devi K, Bond M, Crouse J. 4.P.32 Arterial structure and function: Interrelationships and associations with coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(97)89556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Mercuri M, Devi K. Quantitative ultrasonographic evaluation of the carotid arteries in hypertension. J Cardiovasc Risk 1995; 2:27-33. [PMID: 7606636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Current treatment goals for hypertension include the prevention of end-organ injuries. Hypertension is certainly among the major contributors to atherogenesis, and many antihypertensive drugs seem to have wall-protecting properties. It is critical to identify, test, and implement non-invasive methods for the screening of the population in order to detect early wall abnormalities and to monitor the long-term effects of different antihypertensive treatments. Among these methods, B-mode ultrasound examination of carotid arteries has shown great potential in evaluating treatments that may prevent hypertension-related wall injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mercuri
- Division of Vascular Ultrasound Research, Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- U S Munonyedi
- Pharmacology Department, Kasturba Medical College, Karnataka South, India
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Shanbhogue R, Hrishikeshavan HJ, Devi K, Munonyedi S. Behavioral neurobiology of inverse agonist FG 7142 induced anxiety syndrome in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1990; 14:249-60. [PMID: 1968673 DOI: 10.1016/0278-5846(90)90105-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
1. Neurobehavioral survey of inverse agonist FG 7142 was performed employing a novel anxiety paradigm namely FR-2 Two-Way crossover in a shuttle box. 2. FG syndrome was found to be similar to learned helplessness following shock treatment. Significant increase in mean latency to escape was observed from 0 to 25th trial. Effect of FG 7142 on the behavioral and neurological profile did not deviate significantly from controls. However, a general increase in arousal, darting and sideway movement (weaving) of the head were noted. 3. Drugs with specificity at benzodiazepine (BDZ) receptor site were employed as pretreatments in order to study their influence on FG 7142 induced anxiety syndrome. Diazepam and ZK 91296, significantly blocked the inverse agonist response. Head weaving as well as darting movements were completely abolished although rats demonstrated arousal and vigilance. 4. A dose dependent inhibition of FG response was observed with RO 15-1788, a specific BDZ receptor blocker. ZK 93423 at low doses (1 mg/kg) failed to reverse the escape deficit induced by FG. Higher doses of ZK 93423 could not be tested as significant sedation and ataxia were noted. 5. It is suggested that a careful combination of a BDZ agonist and inverse agonist may be beneficial in the treatment of generalised anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shanbhogue
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India
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Annusuya S, Vanithakumari G, Megala N, Devi K, Malini T, Elango V. Effect of Foeniculum vulgare seed extracts on cervix & vagina of ovariectomised rats. Indian J Med Res 1988; 87:364-7. [PMID: 3169890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Anjaneyula R, Banerjee SK, Bhattacharya P, Das Gupta S, Devi K, Kanthamani CR, Krishna UR, Padma RA, Raghavan KS. RANDOMIZED COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO-HOURLY AND THREE-HOURLY INTRAMUSCULAR TREATMENT WITH 15(S)15 METHYL PGF 2α
FOR TERMINATION OF SECOND TRIMESTER PREGNANCY. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1988; 67:37-40. [DOI: 10.1111/aogs.1988.67.s145.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Malini T, Vanithakumari G, Megala N, Anusya S, Devi K, Elango V. Effect of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. seed extract on the genital organs of male and female rats. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1985; 29:21-6. [PMID: 4055014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Following the oral administration of acetone extract of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) seeds for 15 days is male rats, total protein concentration was found to be significantly decreased in testes and vas deferens and increased in seminal vesicles and prostate gland. There was a decrease in activities of acid and alkaline phosphatase in all these regions, except that alkaline phosphatase was unchanged in vasa. In female rats, oral administration of the extract for 10 days led to vaginal cornification and oestrus cycle. While moderate doses caused increase in weight of mammary glands, higher doses increased the weight of oviduct, endometrium, myometrium, cervix and vagina also. The results confirm the oestrogenic activity of the seed extract.
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Devi K, Vanithakumari G, Anusya S, Mekala N, Malini T, Elango V. Effect of foeniculum vulgare seed extract on mammary glands and oviducts of ovariectomised rats. Anc Sci Life 1985; 5:129-32. [PMID: 22557513 PMCID: PMC3331447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/1985] [Accepted: 06/30/1985] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of acetone extracts of Foeniculum vulgare Mill., seeds at different dose levels (50/ug, 150/ug and 250/ug/100gm body wt.) on mammary glands and oviducts of castrated rats was investigated. The extract was found to increase nucleic acids and protein concentration as well as the organ weights in both the tissues. The medium and high doses were very effective. The results confirm the estrogenic nature of the seed extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Devi
- Department of Endocrinology, P. G. Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taramani, Madras – 600 113, India
| | - G. Vanithakumari
- Department of Endocrinology, P. G. Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taramani, Madras – 600 113, India
| | - S. Anusya
- Department of Endocrinology, P. G. Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taramani, Madras – 600 113, India
| | - N. Mekala
- Department of Endocrinology, P. G. Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taramani, Madras – 600 113, India
| | - T. Malini
- Department of Endocrinology, P. G. Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taramani, Madras – 600 113, India
| | - V. Elango
- Department of Endocrinology, P. G. Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taramani, Madras – 600 113, India
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Devi K, Gupta AK, Saigal RK. Pilomatrixoma of Male Breast. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 1982; 48:102-104. [PMID: 28193973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pilomatrixoma is an uncommon tumour,of the skin and is characterised by transition of b@philic ceffs into shadow ceus. The, present cas6" described here because of certain unusual features namely origin from the male breast, production of hair within the tumour and associaion with mfiltr ductcarcinomaafin of the breast.
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Rajan R, Devi K. Spontaneous conception in infertility practice. J Christ Med Assoc India 1981; 56:563-6. [PMID: 12266772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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