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Morandell K, Yin A, Triana Del Rio R, Schneider DM. Movement-Related Modulation in Mouse Auditory Cortex Is Widespread Yet Locally Diverse. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1227232024. [PMID: 38286628 PMCID: PMC10941236 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1227-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the mouse auditory cortex are strongly influenced by behavior, including both suppression and enhancement of sound-evoked responses during movement. The mouse auditory cortex comprises multiple fields with different roles in sound processing and distinct connectivity to movement-related centers of the brain. Here, we asked whether movement-related modulation in male mice might differ across auditory cortical fields, thereby contributing to the heterogeneity of movement-related modulation at the single-cell level. We used wide-field calcium imaging to identify distinct cortical fields and cellular-resolution two-photon calcium imaging to visualize the activity of layer 2/3 excitatory neurons within each field. We measured each neuron's responses to three sound categories (pure tones, chirps, and amplitude-modulated white noise) as mice rested and ran on a non-motorized treadmill. We found that individual neurons in each cortical field typically respond to just one sound category. Some neurons are only active during rest and others during locomotion, and those that are responsive across conditions retain their sound-category tuning. The effects of locomotion on sound-evoked responses vary at the single-cell level, with both suppression and enhancement of neural responses, and the net modulatory effect of locomotion is largely conserved across cortical fields. Movement-related modulation in auditory cortex also reflects more complex behavioral patterns, including instantaneous running speed and nonlocomotor movements such as grooming and postural adjustments, with similar patterns seen across all auditory cortical fields. Our findings underscore the complexity of movement-related modulation throughout the mouse auditory cortex and indicate that movement-related modulation is a widespread phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Morandell
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10012
| | - Audrey Yin
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10012
| | | | - David M Schneider
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10012
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Morandell K, Yin A, Del Rio RT, Schneider DM. Movement-related modulation in mouse auditory cortex is widespread yet locally diverse. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.03.547560. [PMID: 37461568 PMCID: PMC10349927 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.03.547560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurons in the mouse auditory cortex are strongly influenced by behavior, including both suppression and enhancement of sound-evoked responses during movement. The mouse auditory cortex comprises multiple fields with different roles in sound processing and distinct connectivity to movement-related centers of the brain. Here, we asked whether movement-related modulation might differ across auditory cortical fields, thereby contributing to the heterogeneity of movement-related modulation at the single-cell level. We used wide-field calcium imaging to identify distinct cortical fields followed by cellular-resolution two-photon calcium imaging to visualize the activity of layer 2/3 excitatory neurons within each field. We measured each neuron's responses to three sound categories (pure tones, chirps, and amplitude modulated white noise) as mice rested and ran on a non-motorized treadmill. We found that individual neurons in each cortical field typically respond to just one sound category. Some neurons are only active during rest and others during locomotion, and those that are responsive across conditions retain their sound-category tuning. The effects of locomotion on sound-evoked responses vary at the single-cell level, with both suppression and enhancement of neural responses, and the net modulatory effect of locomotion is largely conserved across cortical fields. Movement-related modulation in auditory cortex also reflects more complex behavioral patterns, including instantaneous running speed and non-locomotor movements such as grooming and postural adjustments, with similar patterns seen across all auditory cortical fields. Our findings underscore the complexity of movement-related modulation throughout the mouse auditory cortex and indicate that movement-related modulation is a widespread phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Morandell
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10012
| | - Audrey Yin
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10012
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Guo ZV, Hires SA, Li N, O'Connor DH, Komiyama T, Ophir E, Huber D, Bonardi C, Morandell K, Gutnisky D, Peron S, Xu NL, Cox J, Svoboda K. Procedures for behavioral experiments in head-fixed mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88678. [PMID: 24520413 PMCID: PMC3919818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse is an increasingly prominent model for the analysis of mammalian neuronal circuits. Neural circuits ultimately have to be probed during behaviors that engage the circuits. Linking circuit dynamics to behavior requires precise control of sensory stimuli and measurement of body movements. Head-fixation has been used for behavioral research, particularly in non-human primates, to facilitate precise stimulus control, behavioral monitoring and neural recording. However, choice-based, perceptual decision tasks by head-fixed mice have only recently been introduced. Training mice relies on motivating mice using water restriction. Here we describe procedures for head-fixation, water restriction and behavioral training for head-fixed mice, with a focus on active, whisker-based tactile behaviors. In these experiments mice had restricted access to water (typically 1 ml/day). After ten days of water restriction, body weight stabilized at approximately 80% of initial weight. At that point mice were trained to discriminate sensory stimuli using operant conditioning. Head-fixed mice reported stimuli by licking in go/no-go tasks and also using a forced choice paradigm using a dual lickport. In some cases mice learned to discriminate sensory stimuli in a few trials within the first behavioral session. Delay epochs lasting a second or more were used to separate sensation (e.g. tactile exploration) and action (i.e. licking). Mice performed a variety of perceptual decision tasks with high performance for hundreds of trials per behavioral session. Up to four months of continuous water restriction showed no adverse health effects. Behavioral performance correlated with the degree of water restriction, supporting the importance of controlling access to water. These behavioral paradigms can be combined with cellular resolution imaging, random access photostimulation, and whole cell recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengcai V. Guo
- Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, United States of America
| | - S. Andrew Hires
- Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Nuo Li
- Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Daniel H. O'Connor
- Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Takaki Komiyama
- Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Eran Ophir
- Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Daniel Huber
- Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Bonardi
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karin Morandell
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Diego Gutnisky
- Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Simon Peron
- Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ning-long Xu
- Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, United States of America
| | - James Cox
- Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Karel Svoboda
- Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The lateral membrane of mammalian cochlear outer hair cells contains prestin, a protein which can act as a fast voltage-driven actuator responsible for electromotility and enhanced sensitivity to sound. The protein belongs to the SLC26 family of transporters whose members are characterised as able to exchange halides for SO(4)(2-) or HCO(3)(-) yet previous analyses of mammalian prestin have suggested that such exchange functions were minimal. Here anion transport is investigated both in guinea-pig outer hair cells (OHCs) and in an expression system where we employ a sensitive intracellular pH (pH(i)) probe, pHluorin, to report HCO(3)(-) transport and to monitor the small pH(i) changes observable in the cells. In the presence of extracellular HCO(3)(-), pH(i) recovered from an acid load 4 times faster in prestin-transfected cells. The acceleration required a chloride gradient established by reducing extracellular chloride to 2 mm. Similar results were also shown using BCECF as an alternative pH(i) sensor, but with recovery only found in those cells expressing prestin. Simultaneous electrophysiological recording of the transfected cells during bicarbonate exposure produced a shift in the reversal potential to more negative potentials, consistent with electrogenic transport. These data therefore suggest that prestin can act as a weak Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) antiporter and it is proposed that, in addition to participating in wide band cochlear sound amplification, prestin may also be involved in the slow time scale (>10 s) phenomena where changes in cell stiffness and internal pressure have been implicated. The results show the importance of considering the effects of the endogenous bicarbonate buffering system in evaluating the function of prestin in cochlear outer hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mistrík
- UCL Ear Institute, 332 Gray’s Inn Road, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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