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Whipple A, Ruzindana MW, Burnett MC, Kunzler JW, Lyman K, Jeffs BD, Warnick KF. Wideband Array Signal Processing with Real-Time Adaptive Interference Mitigation. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:6584. [PMID: 37514876 PMCID: PMC10386719 DOI: 10.3390/s23146584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Wideband beamforming and interference cancellation for phased array antennas requires advances in signal processing algorithms, software, and specialized hardware platforms. A high-throughput array receiver has been developed that enables communication in radio frequency interference-rich environments with field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based frequency channelization and packetization. In this study, a real-time interference mitigation algorithm was implemented on graphics processing units (GPUs) contained in the data pipeline. The key contribution is a hardware and software pipeline for subchannelized wideband array signal processing with 150 MHz instantaneous bandwidth and interference cancellation with a heterogeneous, distributed, and scaleable digital signal processing (DSP) architecture that achieves 30 dB interferer cancellation null depth in real time with a moving interference source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Whipple
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Mark W Ruzindana
- Breakthrough Listen Project, U.C. Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 74707, USA
| | - Mitchell C Burnett
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | | | - Kayla Lyman
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Brian D Jeffs
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Karl F Warnick
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Seng F, Yang Z, King R, Shumway L, Stan N, Hammond A, Warnick KF, Schultz S. Optical electric field sensor sensitivity direction rerouting and enhancement using a passive integrated dipole antenna. Appl Opt 2017; 56:4911-4916. [PMID: 29047634 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.004911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work introduces a passive dipole antenna integrated into the packaging of a slab-coupled optical sensor to enhance the directional sensitivity of electro-optic electric field measurements parallel to the fiber axis. Using the passive integrated dipole antenna described in this work, a sensor that can typically only sense fields transverse to the fiber direction is able to sense a 1.25 kV/m field along the fiber direction with a gain of 17.5. This is verified through simulation and experiment.
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Giraud-Carrier M, Moon K, Teng E, Hawkins AR, Warnick KF, Mazzeo BA. Broadband RF impedance spectroscopy in micromachined microfluidic channels. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2011; 2011:4042-4045. [PMID: 22255227 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2011.6091004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Impedance spectroscopy in the radio frequency range from 100 MHz to 20 GHz can reveal the dielectric relaxations of biological and chemical solutions. S-parameters for a coplanar waveguide are derived. To perform these measurements, a coplanar waveguide device was fabricated on a conventional FR-4 substrate for fluid interrogation. The microfluidic channel was formed by milling conventional waveguides and laser-cutting channels in the dielectric substrate. Measurements using this device were performed on standards: deionized water, isopropyl alcohol, and air. These measurements were compared to those taken with a conventional dielectric probe. The results demonstrate the ability of the fabricated device to extract varying transmission parameters due to changing sample properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Giraud-Carrier
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Sun X, Li D, Woolley AT, Farnsworth PB, Tolley HD, Warnick KF, Lee ML. Bilinear electric field gradient focusing. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:6532-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Electric field gradient focusing (EFGF) methods have received increased attention in recent years, with potential applications demonstrated by several research groups. In order to move EFGF from the research stage to routine use in application areas, a more detailed understanding of practical aspects of device performance is required. Useful theoretical models for EFGF are available but have not been verified through systematic checks under a variety of conditions. In this paper, we compare modeled and experimental results for an EFGF device with the goal of optimizing the time sequence of voltages applied to the device for maximum resolution of analytes with close electrophoretic mobilities. Measured peak profiles depend strongly on the sequence of voltages applied to the device. We investigate the characteristic behavior of the elution profile under various voltage programs. Rapid voltage drops lead to fast elution of closely spaced protein peaks with narrow widths, whereas a carefully designed voltage program can be used to increase the separation between analytes and achieve higher resolution. Simulated and experimental results demonstrate that the behavior of analyte diffusion at an electric field singularity associated with the transition from the EFGF device to elution capillary can be used to separate analyte peaks which may not be resolved within the EFGF device itself, thereby increasing the achievable resolution of the EFGF technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ling Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Sun X, Farnsworth PB, Woolley AT, Tolley HD, Warnick KF, Lee ML. Poly(ethylene glycol)-Functionalized Devices for Electric Field Gradient Focusing. Anal Chem 2007; 80:451-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ac0713104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Statistics, and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Paul B. Farnsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Statistics, and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Adam T. Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Statistics, and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - H. Dennis Tolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Statistics, and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Karl F. Warnick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Statistics, and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Milton L. Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Statistics, and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
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Abstract
The class of equilibrium gradient methods utilizes the opposition of two forces, at least one of which changes in magnitude with position, to separate and concentrate analytes. The drawback of many methods of this type is that the production of two opposing forces requires in comparison to standard methods, such as capillary electrophoresis, a relatively complex apparatus. In addition, for techniques such as electric field gradient focusing, hydrodynamic flow leads to Taylor dispersion, which limits the attainable concentration factor. We propose a new method, gradient field electrophoresis, which achieves analyte separation and focusing with only one spatially varying force, an electric field gradient. A model for the method is developed and used to analyze peak capacity. Experimental results for a protein (R-phycoerythrin) are given and compared to the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl F Warnick
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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Abstract
Electromobility focusing (EMF) is a relatively new protein separation technique that utilizes an electric field gradient and a hydrodynamic flow. Proteins are focused in order of electrophoretic mobility at points where their electrophoretic migration velocities balance the hydrodynamic flow velocity. Steady state bands are formed along the separation channel when equilibrium is reached. Further separation and detection can be easily achieved by changing the electric field profile. In this paper. we describe an EMF system with on-line UV absorption detection in which the electric field gradient was formed using a dialysis hollow fiber. Protein focusing and preconcentration were performed with this system. Voltage-controlled separation was demonstrated using bovine serum albumin and myoglobin as model proteins. The limitations of the current method are discussed, and possible solutions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, P.O. Box 25700, Provo, UT 84602-5700, USA
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