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Gamez C, Leffler J, Clark S, Corscadden K, Prescott SL, Palmer DJ, Strickland D. Egg-sensitised infants have elevated CD4 + effector memory T regulatory cells from birth. Clin Exp Allergy 2024; 54:34-45. [PMID: 38168058 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE-mediated sensitisation to egg is common in infants. In some cases, the processes leading to egg sensitisation are established in early life, even before introduction to solid foods. The underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. METHODS We performed detailed immune cell phenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and determined in vitro cytokine responses following allergen specific and non-specific immune stimulation. To determine if unique immune profiles were linked to early-life egg sensitisation, we compared 92 infants at 4-6 months of age, with (EggCAP+, n = 41) and without (EggCAP-, n = 51) early egg sensitisation. Additionally, 47 cord blood samples were analysed. For a subset of participants (n = 39), matching cord blood mononuclear cells were assessed by flow cytometry to establish the impact of IgE sensitisation on immune developmental trajectories. RESULTS EggCAP+ infants were found to exhibit a unique immune phenotype characterised by increased levels of circulating CD4+ T regulatory cells (Treg), CD4+ effector memory (EM) Treg and increased expression of the IgE receptor, FcεR1, on basophils. The increased CD4+ EM Treg profiles were already present in cord blood samples from EggCAP+ infants. A general Th2-skewing of the immune system was observed based on increased IL-13 production following phytohemagglutinin stimulation and by comparing immune developmental trajectories, EggCAP+ infants displayed an expansion of basophils and reduced levels of CD4- T cells compared to EggCAP- infants. CONCLUSIONS Immunological profiles associated with egg sensitisation are detectable in infant circulation at 4-6 months of age and at birth. Understanding the immune mechanisms underlying early-life sensitisation could provide important insights for future food allergy prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gamez
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jonatan Leffler
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sharon Clark
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karli Corscadden
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Susan L Prescott
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- The Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Family and Community Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Debra J Palmer
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Deborah Strickland
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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Clark SL, Seppanen EJ, Kirkham LAS, Novotny LA, Bakaletz LO, Cripps AW, Corscadden K, Coates H, Vijayasekaran S, Richmond PC, Thornton RB. Australian Aboriginal Otitis-Prone Children Produce High-Quality Serum IgG to Putative Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Antigens at Lower Titres Compared to Non-Aboriginal Children. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:767083. [PMID: 35463651 PMCID: PMC9022120 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.767083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is the most common bacterial otopathogen associated with otitis media (OM). NTHi persists in biofilms within the middle ears of children with chronic and recurrent OM. Australian Aboriginal children suffer exceptionally high rates of chronic and recurrent OM compared to non-Aboriginal children. NTHi protein vaccines comprised of antigens associated with both adhesion and persistence in a biofilm are under development and could be beneficial for children with chronic and recurrent OM. Understanding the ontogeny of natural antibody development to these antigens provides insight into the value of vaccinating with particular antigens. Methods An in-house multiplex fluorescent bead immunoassay was used to measure serum IgG titres and avidity for three putative vaccine antigens: recombinant soluble PilA (rsPilA), ChimV4, and outer membrane protein 26 (OMP26) in sera from Australian Aboriginal otitis-prone children (n=77), non-Aboriginal otitis-prone children (n=70) and non-otitis-prone children (n=36). Serum IgG titres were adjusted for age, and geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) were compared between groups using a univariate analysis model. Antibody avidity was calculated as a relative avidity index and compared between groups using ANOVA. Results Australian Aboriginal otitis-prone children had lower serum IgG titres to rsPilA and ChimV4 than non-Aboriginal otitis-prone children (p<0.001), and non-otitis-prone children (p<0.020). No differences were observed between serum IgG titres from non-Aboriginal otitis-prone children and non-otitis-prone children. There were also no differences in the proportion of high avidity IgG specific for these antigens between these groups. Serum IgG titres to OMP26 were similar between all groups (p>0.670) although otitis-prone children had a higher proportion of high avidity antibodies to this antigen. Conclusions Australian Aboriginal otitis-prone children had lower serum IgG titres to 2/3 major NTHi vaccine candidate antigens, suggesting these children are unable to develop persistent IgG responses due to repeated NTHi exposure. These reduced IgG titres may relate to earlier and more frequent exposure to diverse NTHi strains in Aboriginal children through carriage or infection. These data suggest that Aboriginal children may benefit from immunisation with vaccines containing these antigens to increase titres of protective antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L. Clark
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia,Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines & Infectious Disease, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Elke J. Seppanen
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines & Infectious Disease, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lea-Ann S. Kirkham
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines & Infectious Disease, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia,Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Laura A. Novotny
- Centre for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lauren O. Bakaletz
- Centre for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Allan W. Cripps
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Karli Corscadden
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines & Infectious Disease, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Harvey Coates
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Shyan Vijayasekaran
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia,Perth Children's Hospital (PCH), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter C. Richmond
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia,Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines & Infectious Disease, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia,Perth Children's Hospital (PCH), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ruth B. Thornton
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines & Infectious Disease, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia,Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia,*Correspondence: Ruth B. Thornton,
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Orami T, Ford R, Kirkham LA, Thornton R, Corscadden K, Richmond PC, Pomat WS, van den Biggelaar AHJ, Lehmann D. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine primes mucosal immune responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine booster in Papua New Guinean children. Vaccine 2020; 38:7977-7988. [PMID: 33121845 PMCID: PMC7684155 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Invasive pneumococcal disease remains a major cause of hospitalization and death in Papua New Guinean (PNG) children. We assessed mucosal IgA and IgG responses in PNG infants vaccinated with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) followed by a pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) booster. Methods Infants received 7-valent PCV (7vPCV) in a 0–1–2 (neonatal) or 1–2-3-month (infant) schedule, or no 7vPCV (control). At age 9 months all children received 23-valent PPV (23vPPV). IgA and IgG to 7vPCV and non-7vPCV (1, 5, 7F, 19A) serotypes were measured in saliva collected at ages 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10 and 18 months (131 children, 917 samples). Correlations were studied between salivary and serum IgG at 4, 10 and 18 months. Results Salivary IgA and IgG responses overall declined in the first 9 months. Compared to non-7vPCV recipients, salivary IgA remained higher in 7vPCV recipients for serotypes 4 at 3 months, 6B at 3 months (neonatal), and 14 at 3 (neonatal), 4 and 9 months (infant); and for salivary IgG for serotypes 4 at 3, 4 and 9 months, 6B at 9 months, 14 at 4 (neonatal) and 9 months, 18C at 3, 4, and 9 (infant) months, and 23F at 4 months. Following 23vPPV, salivary 7vPCV-specific IgA and IgG increased in 7vPCV-vaccinated children but not in controls; and salivary IgA against non-PCV serotypes 5 and 7F increased in 7vPCV recipients and non-recipients. Salivary and serum IgG against 7vPCV-serotypes correlated in 7vPCV-vaccinated children at 4 and 10 months of age. Conclusions PCV may protect high-risk children against pneumococcal colonization and mucosal disease by inducing mucosal antibody responses and priming for mucosal immune memory that results in mucosal immune responses after booster PPV. Saliva can be a convenient alternative sample to serum to study PCV-induced systemic IgG responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilda Orami
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea
| | - Rebecca Ford
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea
| | - Lea-Ann Kirkham
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ruth Thornton
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karli Corscadden
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter C Richmond
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - William S Pomat
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea; Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anita H J van den Biggelaar
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Deborah Lehmann
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Abudulai LN, Fernandez S, Corscadden K, Kirkham LA, Hunter M, Post JJ, French MA. Production of IgG2 Antibodies to Pneumococcal Polysaccharides After Vaccination of Treated HIV Patients May Be Augmented by IL-7Rα Signaling in ICOS + Circulating T Follicular-Helper Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:839. [PMID: 31068934 PMCID: PMC6491457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Greater understanding of factors influencing the maturation of antibody responses against pneumococcal polysaccharides (PcPs) may improve pneumococcal vaccination strategies. Although PcPs are type 2 T cell-independent antigens thought not to induce follicular immune responses, we have previously shown that IgG2 antibody responses against antigens in the 23-valent unconjugated PcP vaccine (PPV23) are associated with expansion of ICOS+ circulating T follicular helper (cTFH) cells in HIV seronegative subjects but not HIV patients. As IL-7Rα signaling in CD4+ T cells may affect TFH cell function and is adversely affected by HIV-1 infection, we have examined the relationship of IL-7Rα expression on ICOS+ cTFH cells with PcP-specific IgG2 antibody responses. PPV23 vaccination was undertaken in HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (n = 25) and HIV seronegative subjects (n = 20). IL-7Rα expression on ICOS+ and ICOS− cTFH cells was assessed at day(D) 0, 7, and 28. Fold increase between D0 and D28 in serum IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies to PcP serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, and 14 and the frequency of IgG1+ and IgG2+ antibody secreting cells (ASCs) at D7 were also assessed. Decline in IL-7Rα expression on ICOS+ cTFH cells between D0 and D7 occurred in 75% of HIV seronegative subjects and 60% of HIV patients (Group A), with changes in IL-7Rα expression being more pronounced in HIV patients. Group A patients exhibited abnormally high IL-7Rα expression pre-vaccination, an association of serum IgG2, but not IgG1, antibody responses with a decline of IL-7Rα expression on ICOS+ cTFH cells between D0 and D7, and an association of higher IgG2+ ASCs with lower IL-7Rα expression on ICOS+ cTFH cells at D7. As decline of IL-7Rα expression on CD4+ T cells is an indicator of IL-7Rα signaling, our findings suggest that utilization of IL-7 by cTFH cells affects production of IgG2 antibodies to PPV23 antigens in some HIV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila N Abudulai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sonia Fernandez
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Karli Corscadden
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lea-Ann Kirkham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Hunter
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey J Post
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Martyn A French
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,UWA Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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