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de Paiva FFG, Dos Santos LF, Tamashiro JR, Silva LHP, Teixeira SR, Galvín AP, López-Uceda A, Skowera K, Kinoshita A. Environmental assessment and durability performance of cement mortar incorporating sugarcane vinasse in replacement of water. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:17690-17705. [PMID: 37338684 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane vinasse wastewater (SVW) is one of the most voluminous waste generated in the ethanol industry and usually applied in fertigation. It is characterized by presenting high COD and BOD; thus, continued disposal of vinasse results in negative environmental impacts. In this paper, we investigated the potential of SVW in replacement of water in mortar, rethinking about reuse of effluent, reduction of pollutants in the environment, and water consumption in civil construction. Mortar composites with 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of water replaced by SVW were studied in order to determine the optimum content. Mortars with 60 to 100% of SVW result in improved workability and reduction in water demand. The mortars with 20, 40, and 60% SVW resulted in satisfactory mechanical properties, i.e., similar to the control mortar. However, XRD analysis of cement pastes showed that the SVW causes a delay in CH formation, reaching mechanical strength after 28 days. Durability tests results showed that SVW contributes to the mortar becoming more impermeable; therefore, less susceptible to weathering. This study provides an important evaluation of the potential of SVW for application in civil construction, indicating relevant results for replacement of water by liquid wastes in cementitious composites and reduction the use of natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Friol Guedes de Paiva
- University of Western São Paulo-UNOESTE, PGMADRE, Rodovia Raposo Tavares km 572, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19067-175, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Dos Santos
- Solid Waste Characterization and Management Laboratory-SWCML, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Roberta Tamashiro
- University of Western São Paulo-UNOESTE, PGMADRE, Rodovia Raposo Tavares km 572, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19067-175, Brazil
| | - Lucas Henrique Pereira Silva
- University of Western São Paulo-UNOESTE, PGMADRE, Rodovia Raposo Tavares km 572, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19067-175, Brazil
| | - Silvio Rainho Teixeira
- Solid Waste Characterization and Management Laboratory-SWCML, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Adela P Galvín
- Area of Construction Engineering, Universidad de Córdoba, UCO-Ed, Leonardo da Vinci - Campus of Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Antonio López-Uceda
- Department of Mechanics, Universidad de Córdoba UCO-Ed, Leonardo da Vinci - Campus of Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Karol Skowera
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kielce University of Technology, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25-314, Kielce, Poland
| | - Angela Kinoshita
- University of Western São Paulo-UNOESTE, PGMADRE, Rodovia Raposo Tavares km 572, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19067-175, Brazil
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Stepien A, Durlej M, Skowera K. Application of the Computed Tomography Method for the Evaluation of Porosity of Autoclaved Materials. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8472. [PMID: 36499965 PMCID: PMC9737667 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the use of recycled glass sand in the production of autoclaved products. Traditional autoclaved bricks consist of crystalline sand, lime and water. The conducted research aimed at the complete elimination of quartz sand in favor of glass sand. This work focuses on porosity as the functional property of the materials. The aim of this article is to determine the number and structure of the pores of autoclaved bricks. Two types of research were carried out: (a) non-destructive, i.e., computed tomography examination as a pictorial and quantitative method and (b) mercury porosimetry as a quantitative method, i.e., a test that exposes the porous skeleton of the material for destruction. The tests showed the presence of pores with a size in the range of 0.1 ÷ 100 μm, and the volume of voids in the material was determined at the level of about 20% for the sample modified with glass sand (GS) and for the reference sample made of traditional silicate brick. In order to complete the research on the internal structure of autoclaved bricks, microstructure studies were performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The tests showed the presence of tobermorite in the reference sample (with 90% QS-quartz sand) and the presence of natrolite and gyrolite in the sample modified by glass sand (90% GS).
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Stępień P, Spychał E, Skowera K. A Comparative Study on Hygric Properties and Compressive Strength of Ceramic Bricks. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:7820. [PMID: 36363412 PMCID: PMC9657362 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This article analyzes the results of capillary rise, compressive strength and water absorption tests on solid ceramic bricks from existing structures and demolition materials taken from 11 different structures. In addition (for more extensive interpretation and evaluation of porosity), tests were performed for the selected series of bricks using a mercury porosimeter (MIP) and a micro computed tomography (micro-CT). Contemporary bricks (2 series) were also evaluated for comparison purposes. The conducted tests indicate that bricks obtained from different sources are characterized by "individual" relation of compressive strength and porosity, and "individual" relation of water absorption coefficient and porosity. In addition, on the basis of the results obtained in the study, compared with the literature data, it can be deduced that ceramic bricks with a water absorption coefficient of less than 50 g/m2s0.5 are characterized by a compressive strength of more than 80 MPa. As the research shows, the properties of bricks even from a single building can differ one from another, which can result in varying durability even within a single building. When choosing a material during the renovation or restoration of facilities, it is important to perform tests on the physical and mechanical properties of the original material, which will be reused.
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Stępień P, Rusin Z, Skowera K. Cement Mortar Porosity by Modified Analysis of Differential Scanning Calorimetry Records. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13051080. [PMID: 32121133 PMCID: PMC7084948 DOI: 10.3390/ma13051080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A modified method of interpreting a heat flux differential scanning calorimetry records in pore structure determination is presented. The method consists of determining the true phase transition energy distribution due to the melting of water during a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) heating run. A set of original apparatus functions was developed to approximate the recorded calorimetric signals to the actual processes of the water phase transition at a given temperature. The validity of the proposed calorimetric curves-based algorithm was demonstrated through tests on a cement mortar sample. The correct analysis required taking into account both the thermal inertia of the calorimeter and the thermal effects that are associated with water transitions over the fairly narrow temperature ranges close to 0 °C. When evaluating energy distribution without taking the shifts of the proposed modified algorithm into account, the volume of the pores with radii bigger than 20 nm was greatly overestimated, while that of the smaller pores (rp < 20 nm) was underestimated, in some cases by approximately 70%.
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