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Saida K, Maroofian R, Sengoku T, Mitani T, Pagnamenta AT, Marafi D, Zaki MS, O'Brien TJ, Karimiani EG, Kaiyrzhanov R, Takizawa M, Ohori S, Leong HY, Akay G, Galehdari H, Zamani M, Romy R, Carroll CJ, Toosi MB, Ashrafzadeh F, Imannezhad S, Malek H, Ahangari N, Tomoum H, Gowda VK, Srinivasan VM, Murphy D, Dominik N, Elbendary HM, Rafat K, Yilmaz S, Kanmaz S, Serin M, Krishnakumar D, Gardham A, Maw A, Rao TS, Alsubhi S, Srour M, Buhas D, Jewett T, Goldberg RE, Shamseldin H, Frengen E, Misceo D, Strømme P, Magliocco Ceroni JR, Kim CA, Yesil G, Sengenc E, Guler S, Hull M, Parnes M, Aktas D, Anlar B, Bayram Y, Pehlivan D, Posey JE, Alavi S, Madani Manshadi SA, Alzaidan H, Al-Owain M, Alabdi L, Abdulwahab F, Sekiguchi F, Hamanaka K, Fujita A, Uchiyama Y, Mizuguchi T, Miyatake S, Miyake N, Elshafie RM, Salayev K, Guliyeva U, Alkuraya FS, Gleeson JG, Monaghan KG, Langley KG, Yang H, Motavaf M, Safari S, Alipour M, Ogata K, Brown AEX, Lupski JR, Houlden H, Matsumoto N. Brain monoamine vesicular transport disease caused by homozygous SLC18A2 variants: A study in 42 affected individuals. Genet Med 2023; 25:90-102. [PMID: 36318270 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Brain monoamine vesicular transport disease is an infantile-onset movement disorder that mimics cerebral palsy. In 2013, the homozygous SLC18A2 variant, p.Pro387Leu, was first reported as a cause of this rare disorder, and dopamine agonists were efficient for treating affected individuals from a single large family. To date, only 6 variants have been reported. In this study, we evaluated genotype-phenotype correlations in individuals with biallelic SLC18A2 variants. METHODS A total of 42 affected individuals with homozygous SLC18A2 variant alleles were identified. We evaluated genotype-phenotype correlations and the missense variants in the affected individuals based on the structural modeling of rat VMAT2 encoded by Slc18a2, with cytoplasm- and lumen-facing conformations. A Caenorhabditis elegans model was created for functional studies. RESULTS A total of 19 homozygous SLC18A2 variants, including 3 recurrent variants, were identified using exome sequencing. The affected individuals typically showed global developmental delay, hypotonia, dystonia, oculogyric crisis, and autonomic nervous system involvement (temperature dysregulation/sweating, hypersalivation, and gastrointestinal dysmotility). Among the 58 affected individuals described to date, 16 (28%) died before the age of 13 years. Of the 17 patients with p.Pro237His, 9 died, whereas all 14 patients with p.Pro387Leu survived. Although a dopamine agonist mildly improved the disease symptoms in 18 of 21 patients (86%), some affected individuals with p.Ile43Phe and p.Pro387Leu showed milder phenotypes and presented prolonged survival even without treatment. The C. elegans model showed behavioral abnormalities. CONCLUSION These data expand the phenotypic and genotypic spectra of SLC18A2-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Saida
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Toru Sengoku
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Mitani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Alistair T Pagnamenta
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dana Marafi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Thomas J O'Brien
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom; Innovative Medical Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rauan Kaiyrzhanov
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Takizawa
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ohori
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Huey Yin Leong
- Genetics Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gulsen Akay
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Hamid Galehdari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mina Zamani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ratna Romy
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Carroll
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mehran Beiraghi Toosi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farah Ashrafzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shima Imannezhad
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadis Malek
- Department of Medical Genetics, Next Generation Genetic Polyclinic, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Najmeh Ahangari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Next Generation Genetic Polyclinic, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hoda Tomoum
- Department of Pediatrics, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Vykuntaraju K Gowda
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, India
| | | | - David Murphy
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Dominik
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hasnaa M Elbendary
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Karima Rafat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sanem Yilmaz
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seda Kanmaz
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mine Serin
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Deepa Krishnakumar
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Gardham
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Maw
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tekki Sreenivasa Rao
- Department of Paediatrics, Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Alsubhi
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Departments of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Departments of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniela Buhas
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine, McGill University Health Center (MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tamison Jewett
- Department of Pediatrics, Section on Medical Genetics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Rachel E Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Section on Medical Genetics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Hanan Shamseldin
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eirik Frengen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Doriana Misceo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petter Strømme
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Chong Ae Kim
- Genetic Unit, Instituto da Crianca, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gozde Yesil
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esma Sengenc
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serhat Guler
- Department of Child Neurology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Dilek Aktas
- Damagen Genetic Diagnostic Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Banu Anlar
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Bayram
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Shahryar Alavi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Hamad Alzaidan
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Al-Owain
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama Alabdi
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ferdous Abdulwahab
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Futoshi Sekiguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kohei Hamanaka
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuri Uchiyama
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Clinical Genetics Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Human Genetics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kamran Salayev
- Department of Neurology, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | | | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA; Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA
| | | | | | | | - Mahsa Motavaf
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Safari
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Alipour
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazuhiro Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - André E X Brown
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
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Burns W, Bird LM, Heron D, Keren B, Ramachandra D, Thiffault I, Del Viso F, Amudhavalli S, Engleman K, Parenti I, Kaiser FJ, Wierzba J, Riedhammer KM, Liptay S, Zadeh N, Porrmann J, Fischer A, Gößwein S, McLaughlin HM, Telegrafi A, Langley KG, Steet R, Louie RJ, Lyons MJ. Syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder associated with de novo variants in DDX23. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2863-2872. [PMID: 34050707 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The DEAD/DEAH box RNA helicases are a superfamily of proteins involved in the processing and transportation of RNA within the cell. A growing literature supports this family of proteins as contributing to various types of human disorders from neurodevelopmental disorders to syndromes with multiple congenital anomalies. This article presents a cohort of nine unrelated individuals with de novo missense alterations in DDX23 (Dead-Box Helicase 23). The gene is ubiquitously expressed and functions in RNA splicing, maintenance of genome stability, and the sensing of double-stranded RNA. Our cohort of patients, gathered through GeneMatcher, exhibited features including tone abnormalities, global developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, autism spectrum disorder, and seizures. Additionally, there were a variety of other findings in the skeletal, renal, ocular, and cardiac systems. The missense alterations all occurred within a highly conserved RecA-like domain of the protein, and are located within or proximal to the DEAD box sequence. The individuals presented in this article provide evidence of a syndrome related to alterations in DDX23 characterized predominantly by atypical neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Burns
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lynne M Bird
- San Diego - Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Division of Genetics/Dysmorphology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Delphine Heron
- Département de Génétique, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP.Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Boris Keren
- Département de Génétique, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP.Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Divya Ramachandra
- Division of Genetics, Advocate Hope Children's Hospital, Oak Lawn, Illinois, USA
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Florencia Del Viso
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Kendra Engleman
- Department of Pediatics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Ilaria Parenti
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank J Kaiser
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jolanta Wierzba
- Department of Pediatric and Internal Medicine Nursing, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Korbinian M Riedhammer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Liptay
- Department of Pediatrics, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Neda Zadeh
- Genetics Center, Orange, California, USA
- Division of Medical Genetics, CHOC Children's Hospital, Orange, California, USA
| | - Joseph Porrmann
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, Institute for Clinical Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrea Fischer
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, Institute for Clinical Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sophie Gößwein
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, Institute for Clinical Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Richard Steet
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
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3
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van Woerden GM, Bos M, de Konink C, Distel B, Avagliano Trezza R, Shur NE, Barañano K, Mahida S, Chassevent A, Schreiber A, Erwin AL, Gripp KW, Rehman F, Brulleman S, McCormack R, de Geus G, Kalsner L, Sorlin A, Bruel AL, Koolen DA, Gabriel MK, Rossi M, Fitzpatrick DR, Wilkie AOM, Calpena E, Johnson D, Brooks A, van Slegtenhorst M, Fleischer J, Groepper D, Lindstrom K, Innes AM, Goodwin A, Humberson J, Noyes A, Langley KG, Telegrafi A, Blevins A, Hoffman J, Guillen Sacoto MJ, Juusola J, Monaghan KG, Punj S, Simon M, Pfundt R, Elgersma Y, Kleefstra T. TAOK1 is associated with neurodevelopmental disorder and essential for neuronal maturation and cortical development. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:445-459. [PMID: 33565190 PMCID: PMC8248425 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Thousand and one amino-acid kinase 1 (TAOK1) is a MAP3K protein kinase, regulating different mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, thereby modulating a multitude of processes in the cell. Given the recent finding of TAOK1 involvement in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), we investigated the role of TAOK1 in neuronal function and collected a cohort of 23 individuals with mostly de novo variants in TAOK1 to further define the associated NDD. Here, we provide evidence for an important role for TAOK1 in neuronal function, showing that altered TAOK1 expression levels in the embryonic mouse brain affect neural migration in vivo, as well as neuronal maturation in vitro. The molecular spectrum of the identified TAOK1 variants comprises largely truncating and nonsense variants, but also missense variants, for which we provide evidence that they can have a loss of function or dominant-negative effect on TAOK1, expanding the potential underlying causative mechanisms resulting in NDD. Taken together, our data indicate that TAOK1 activity needs to be properly controlled for normal neuronal function and that TAOK1 dysregulation leads to a neurodevelopmental disorder mainly comprising similar facial features, developmental delay/intellectual disability and/or variable learning or behavioral problems, muscular hypotonia, infant feeding difficulties, and growth problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeske M van Woerden
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Bos
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ben Distel
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Natasha E Shur
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Kristin Barañano
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sonal Mahida
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna Chassevent
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Angelika L Erwin
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Karen W Gripp
- Division of Medical Genetics, Nemours/A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Fatima Rehman
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Brulleman
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Róisín McCormack
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gwynna de Geus
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louisa Kalsner
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's Medical Center and University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Arthur Sorlin
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France.,Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic génomique des maladies rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France.,Centre de Référence maladies rares «Anomalies du Développement et syndromes malformatifs», Centre de Génétique, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France.,Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic génomique des maladies rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France.,Centre de Référence maladies rares «Anomalies du Développement et syndromes malformatifs», Centre de Génétique, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - David A Koolen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa K Gabriel
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, California, USA
| | - Mari Rossi
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, California, USA
| | | | - Andrew O M Wilkie
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Craniofacial Unit, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Eduardo Calpena
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Johnson
- Oxford Craniofacial Unit, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Alice Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Julie Fleischer
- Department of Pediatrics, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Groepper
- Department of Pediatrics, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristin Lindstrom
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Allison Goodwin
- VCU Medical Center, Clinical Genetics Services, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jennifer Humberson
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marleen Simon
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ype Elgersma
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Lancaster GI, Langley KG, Berglund NA, Kammoun HL, Reibe S, Estevez E, Weir J, Mellett NA, Pernes G, Conway JRW, Lee MKS, Timpson P, Murphy AJ, Masters SL, Gerondakis S, Bartonicek N, Kaczorowski DC, Dinger ME, Meikle PJ, Bond PJ, Febbraio MA. Evidence that TLR4 Is Not a Receptor for Saturated Fatty Acids but Mediates Lipid-Induced Inflammation by Reprogramming Macrophage Metabolism. Cell Metab 2018; 27:1096-1110.e5. [PMID: 29681442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of obesity and is linked to the development of numerous diseases. The activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by long-chain saturated fatty acids (lcSFAs) is an important process in understanding how obesity initiates inflammation. While experimental evidence supports an important role for TLR4 in obesity-induced inflammation in vivo, via a mechanism thought to involve direct binding to and activation of TLR4 by lcSFAs, several lines of evidence argue against lcSFAs being direct TLR4 agonists. Using multiple orthogonal approaches, we herein provide evidence that while loss-of-function models confirm that TLR4 does, indeed, regulate lcSFA-induced inflammation, TLR4 is not a receptor for lcSFAs. Rather, we show that TLR4-dependent priming alters cellular metabolism, gene expression, lipid metabolic pathways, and membrane lipid composition, changes that are necessary for lcSFA-induced inflammation. These results reconcile previous discordant observations and challenge the prevailing view of TLR4's role in initiating obesity-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme I Lancaster
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Katherine G Langley
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Nils Anton Berglund
- Bioinformatics Institute (A(∗)STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Helene L Kammoun
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Saskia Reibe
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Emma Estevez
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Jacquelyn Weir
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Natalie A Mellett
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Gerard Pernes
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - James R W Conway
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Man K S Lee
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Seth L Masters
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Steve Gerondakis
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Nenad Bartonicek
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | | | - Marcel E Dinger
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Peter J Bond
- Bioinformatics Institute (A(∗)STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
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Martinelli S, Krumbach OH, Pantaleoni F, Coppola S, Amin E, Pannone L, Nouri K, Farina L, Dvorsky R, Lepri F, Buchholzer M, Konopatzki R, Walsh L, Payne K, Pierpont ME, Vergano SS, Langley KG, Larsen D, Farwell KD, Tang S, Mroske C, Gallotta I, Di Schiavi E, della Monica M, Lugli L, Rossi C, Seri M, Cocchi G, Henderson L, Baskin B, Alders M, Mendoza-Londono R, Dupuis L, Nickerson DA, Chong JX, Meeks N, Brown K, Causey T, Cho MT, Demuth S, Digilio MC, Gelb BD, Bamshad MJ, Zenker M, Ahmadian MR, Hennekam RC, Tartaglia M, Mirzaa GM, Mirzaa GM. Functional Dysregulation of CDC42 Causes Diverse Developmental Phenotypes. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:309-320. [PMID: 29394990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exome sequencing has markedly enhanced the discovery of genes implicated in Mendelian disorders, particularly for individuals in whom a known clinical entity could not be assigned. This has led to the recognition that phenotypic heterogeneity resulting from allelic mutations occurs more commonly than previously appreciated. Here, we report that missense variants in CDC42, a gene encoding a small GTPase functioning as an intracellular signaling node, underlie a clinically heterogeneous group of phenotypes characterized by variable growth dysregulation, facial dysmorphism, and neurodevelopmental, immunological, and hematological anomalies, including a phenotype resembling Noonan syndrome, a developmental disorder caused by dysregulated RAS signaling. In silico, in vitro, and in vivo analyses demonstrate that mutations variably perturb CDC42 function by altering the switch between the active and inactive states of the GTPase and/or affecting CDC42 interaction with effectors, and differentially disturb cellular and developmental processes. These findings reveal the remarkably variable impact that dominantly acting CDC42 mutations have on cell function and development, creating challenges in syndrome definition, and exemplify the importance of functional profiling for syndrome recognition and delineation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ghayda M Mirzaa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
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Cropley JE, Eaton SA, Aiken A, Young PE, Giannoulatou E, Ho JWK, Buckland ME, Keam SP, Hutvagner G, Humphreys DT, Langley KG, Henstridge DC, Martin DIK, Febbraio MA, Suter CM. Male-lineage transmission of an acquired metabolic phenotype induced by grand-paternal obesity. Mol Metab 2016; 5:699-708. [PMID: 27656407 PMCID: PMC5021672 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Parental obesity can induce metabolic phenotypes in offspring independent of the inherited DNA sequence. Here we asked whether such non-genetic acquired metabolic traits can be passed on to a second generation that has never been exposed to obesity, even as germ cells. Methods We examined the F1, F2, and F3 a/a offspring derived from F0 matings of obese prediabetic Avy/a sires and lean a/a dams. After F0, only lean a/a mice were used for breeding. Results We found that F1 sons of obese founder males exhibited defects in glucose and lipid metabolism, but only upon a post-weaning dietary challenge. F1 males transmitted these defects to their own male progeny (F2) in the absence of the dietary challenge, but the phenotype was largely attenuated by F3. The sperm of F1 males exhibited changes in the abundance of several small RNA species, including the recently reported diet-responsive tRNA-derived fragments. Conclusions These data indicate that induced metabolic phenotypes may be propagated for a generation beyond any direct exposure to an inducing factor. This non-genetic inheritance likely occurs via the actions of sperm noncoding RNA. Paternal obesity induces latent defects in metabolism in F1 sons. Metabolic disease in F1 sons is exposed by short challenge with a Western diet. F1 sons transmit their phenotype to F2 grandsons in the absence of dietary challenge. F1 sperm exhibit changes to prominent small RNA species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Cropley
- Molecular, Structural and Computational Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Sally A Eaton
- Molecular, Structural and Computational Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Alastair Aiken
- Molecular, Structural and Computational Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Paul E Young
- Molecular, Structural and Computational Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Eleni Giannoulatou
- Molecular, Structural and Computational Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Joshua W K Ho
- Molecular, Structural and Computational Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Michael E Buckland
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Simon P Keam
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Centre of Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Gyorgy Hutvagner
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Centre of Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - David T Humphreys
- Molecular, Structural and Computational Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Katherine G Langley
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Diabetes and Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Darren C Henstridge
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Diabetes and Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - David I K Martin
- Molecular, Structural and Computational Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Catherine M Suter
- Molecular, Structural and Computational Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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7
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Langley KG, Brown J, Gerber RJ, Fox J, Friez MJ, Lyons M, Schrier Vergano SA. Beyond Ohdo syndrome: A familial missense mutation broadens the MED12 spectrum. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:3180-5. [PMID: 26338144 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is estimated to affect 1-3% of the general population and is a common reason for referrals to pediatric and adult geneticists, as well as neurologists. There are many genetic and non-genetic causes of ID; X-linked forms are identifiable through their characteristic inheritance pattern. Current testing methods have been able to identify over 100 genes on the X chromosome responsible for X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) syndromes. MED12 [MIM *300188] (mediator complex subunit 12) mutations have been linked to numerous XLID syndromes, including Lujan, FG, and Ohdo, and MED12 is included in many XLID panels. MED12 is located at Xq13.1 and its product has roles in transcriptional activation and repression. We describe two affected male siblings and their unaffected mother with a novel missense mutation in MED12, c.4147G>A (p.Ala1383Thr). The siblings share some features of Ohdo syndrome, including feeding difficulties, microcephaly, and speech delay. However, additional attributes such as hypertonia, eosinophilic esophagitis, penile chordee, and particular facial dysmorphisms depart sufficiently from individuals previously described such that they appear to represent a new and expanded phenotype. This case lends credence to the evolving theory that the subtypes of Ohdo, and perhaps other MED12 disorders, reflect a spectrum of characteristics, rather than distinct syndromes. As XLID panel testing and whole exome sequencing (WES) becomes a standard of care for affected males, further MED12 mutations will broaden the phenotype of these intriguing disorders and challenge clinicians to rethink the current diagnostic boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G Langley
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia.,Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia
| | | | - Richard J Gerber
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia.,Division of Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia
| | - Janelle Fox
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia
| | | | | | - Samantha A Schrier Vergano
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia.,Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia
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Langley KG, Trau S, Bean LJH, Narravula A, Schrier Vergano SA. A 7-month-old male with Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome and the power of T3. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:1117-20. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G. Langley
- Department of Pediatrics; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk Virginia
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism; Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters; Norfolk Virginia
| | - Steven Trau
- Department of Pediatrics; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk Virginia
| | - Lora J. H. Bean
- Department of Human Genetics; Emory University; Atlanta Georgia
| | | | - Samantha A. Schrier Vergano
- Department of Pediatrics; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk Virginia
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism; Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters; Norfolk Virginia
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Lancaster GI, Kraakman MJ, Kammoun HL, Langley KG, Estevez E, Banerjee A, Grumont RJ, Febbraio MA, Gerondakis S. The dual-specificity phosphatase 2 (DUSP2) does not regulate obesity-associated inflammation or insulin resistance in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111524. [PMID: 25375135 PMCID: PMC4222916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the immune cell profile and the induction of inflammation within adipose tissue are a hallmark of obesity in mice and humans. Dual-specificity phosphatase 2 (DUSP2) is widely expressed within the immune system and plays a key role promoting immune and inflammatory responses dependent on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity. We hypothesised that the absence of DUSP2 would protect mice against obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance. Accordingly, male and female littermate mice that are either wild-type (wt) or homozygous for a germ-line null mutation of the dusp2 gene (dusp2−/−) were fed either a standard chow diet (SCD) or high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks prior to metabolic phenotyping. Compared with mice fed the SCD, all mice consuming the HFD became obese, developed glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, and displayed increased macrophage recruitment and markers of inflammation in epididymal white adipose tissue. The absence of DUSP2, however, had no effect on the development of obesity or adipose tissue inflammation. Whole body insulin sensitivity in male mice was unaffected by an absence of DUSP2 in response to either the SCD or HFD; however, HFD-induced insulin resistance was slightly, but significantly, reduced in female dusp2−/− mice. In conclusion, DUSP2 plays no role in regulating obesity-associated inflammation and only a minor role in controlling insulin sensitivity following HFD in female, but not male, mice. These data indicate that rather than DUSP2 being a pan regulator of MAPK dependent immune cell mediated inflammation, it appears to differentially regulate inflammatory responses that have a MAPK component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme I. Lancaster
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael J. Kraakman
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helene L. Kammoun
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine G. Langley
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Estevez
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashish Banerjee
- Centre for Cancer Research, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raelene J. Grumont
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases and Department of Clinical Hematology, Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark A. Febbraio
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steve Gerondakis
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases and Department of Clinical Hematology, Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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