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Jericevic D, Shapiro K, Bowman M, Vélez CA, Mbassa R, Fang R, Van Kuiken M, Brucker BM. Who Progresses to Third-Line Therapies for Overactive Bladder? Trends From the AQUA Registry. Urol Pract 2024; 11:394-401. [PMID: 38226920 DOI: 10.1097/upj.0000000000000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Overactive bladder (OAB) patients who do not achieve satisfactory results with second-line OAB medications should be offered third-line therapies (percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation, sacral neuromodulation, onabotulinumtoxinA bladder injection [BTX-A]). We aimed to determine which clinical factors affect progression from second- to third-line OAB therapy. METHODS Between 2014 and 2020, the AUA Quality Registry was queried for adult patients with idiopathic OAB. For the primary outcome, patient and provider factors associated with increased odds of progression from second- to third-line therapy were assessed. Secondary outcomes included median time for progression to third-line therapy and third-line therapy utilization across subgroups. RESULTS A total of 641,122 patients met inclusion criteria and were included in analysis. Of these, only 7487 (1.2%) received third-line therapy after receiving second-line therapy. On multivariate analysis, patients aged 65 to 79, women, White race, history of dual anticholinergic and β3 agonist therapy, metropolitan area, government insurance, and single specialty practice had the greatest odds of progressing to third-line therapy. Black and Asian race, male gender, and rural setting had lower odds of progressing to third-line therapy. BTX-A was the most common therapy overall (40% BTX-A, 32% sacral neuromodulation, 28% percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation). The median time of progression from second- to third-line therapy was 15.4 months (IQR 5.9, 32.4). Patients < 50 years old and women progressed fastest to third-line therapy. CONCLUSIONS Very few patients received third-line therapies, and the time to progression from second- to third-line therapies is > 1 year. The study findings highlight a potential need to improve third-line therapy implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Jericevic
- Department of Urology, New York University Langone, New York, New York
| | - Katherine Shapiro
- Department of Urology, New York University Langone, New York, New York
| | - Max Bowman
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Camille A Vélez
- Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamon, Puerto Rico
| | - Rachel Mbassa
- American Urological Association, Linthicum, Maryland
| | - Raymond Fang
- American Urological Association, Linthicum, Maryland
| | - Michelle Van Kuiken
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Bowman M, Vélez CA, Jericevic D, Shapiro K, Mbassa R, Fang R, Brucker BM, Van Kuiken M. Factors Influencing Medication Selection for Management of Overactive Bladder: Trends and Insights From AUA Quality Registry. Urology 2024; 184:51-57. [PMID: 38081481 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2023.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine how a patient's demographics, including insurance type, race/ethnicity, gender, and age, may impact the choice of medication prescribed for overactive bladder (OAB). METHODS We queried the AUA Quality Registry for adults between 2014 and 2020 with a diagnosis of OAB for >1year, excluding neurogenic causes. Variables included age, race/ethnicity, gender, insurance type, medication first prescribed, year of prescription, provider metropolitan status, and provider practice type. Primary outcome was which factors were associated with increased odds of beta-3 prescription as first medication choice. RESULTS We found 1,453,566 patients with OAB, 641,122 (44.1%) with complete data. Of these, 112,021 (17.5%) were prescribed medication. On multivariate analysis, patients with Medicaid, Medicare, and other/self-pay insurance were less likely to receive a beta-3 vs an anticholinergic compared to private or military insurance. Compared to white patients, Asian, Black, and other races were less likely to receive a beta-3, as were patients outside of metropolitan areas. Age >50, prescriptions after 2014, and nonacademic settings were associated with increased odds of beta-3 prescription. There was no difference between genders. CONCLUSION Many nonclinical factors, including insurance type and race, may affect which medication is first prescribed for OAB. This is useful for practicing urologists and may help lower barriers to beta-3 prescription through policy change and advocacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Bowman
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Urology, San Francisco, CA.
| | - Camille A Vélez
- Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamon, PR
| | - Dora Jericevic
- New York University Langone, Department of Urology, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - Michelle Van Kuiken
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Urology, San Francisco, CA
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Shapiro K, Anger J, Cameron AP, Chung D, Daignault-Newton S, Ippolito GM, Lee U, Mourtzinos A, Padmanabhan P, Smith AL, Suskind AM, Tenggardjaja C, Van Til M, Brucker BM. Antibiotic use, best practice statement adherence, and UTI rate for intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxin-A injection for overactive bladder: A multi-institutional collaboration from the SUFU Research Network (SURN). Neurourol Urodyn 2024; 43:407-414. [PMID: 38032120 DOI: 10.1002/nau.25334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Onabotulinumtoxin A (BTX-A) is a well-established treatment for overactive bladder (OAB). The American Urological Association (AUA) 2008 Antibiotic Best Practice Statement (BPS) recommended trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or fluoroquinolone for cystoscopy with manipulation. The aim of the study was to evaluate concordance with antibiotic best practices at the time of BTX-A injection and urinary tract infection (UTI) rates based on antibiotic regimen. METHODS Men and women undergoing first-time BTX-A injection for idiopathic OAB with 100 units in 2016, within the SUFU Research Network (SURN) multi-institutional retrospective database were included. Patients on suppressive antibiotics were excluded. The primary outcome was concordance of periprocedural antibiotic use with the AUA 2008 BPS antimicrobials of choice for "cystoscopy with manipulation." As a secondary outcome we compared the incidence of UTI among women within 30 days after BTX-A administration. Each outcome was further stratified by procedure setting (office vs. operating room; OR). RESULTS Of the cohort of 216 subjects (175 women, 41 men) undergoing BTX-A, 24 different periprocedural antibiotic regimens were utilized, and 98 (45%) underwent BTX-A injections in the OR setting while 118 (55%) underwent BTX-A injection in the office. Antibiotics were given to 86% of patients in the OR versus 77% in office, and 8.3% of subjects received BPS concordant antibiotics in the OR versus 82% in office. UTI rates did not vary significantly among the 141 subjects who received antibiotics and had 30-day follow-up (8% BPS-concordant vs. 16% BPS-discordant, CI -2.4% to 19%, p = 0.13). A sensitivity analysis of UTI rates based on procedure setting (office vs. OR) did not demonstrate any difference in UTI rates (p = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS This retrospective multi-institutional study demonstrates that antibiotic regimens and adherence to the 2008 AUA BPS were highly variable among providers with lower rates of BPS concordant antibiotic use in the OR setting. UTI rates at 30 days following BTX-A did not vary significantly based on concordance with the BPS or procedure setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Shapiro
- Department of Urology, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer Anger
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Anne P Cameron
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Doreen Chung
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | - Giulia M Ippolito
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Una Lee
- Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Arthur Mourtzinos
- Department of Urology, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Priya Padmanabhan
- Department of Urology, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
| | - Ariana L Smith
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anne M Suskind
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Monica Van Til
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Benjamin M Brucker
- Department of Urology, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
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Shapiro K, Dusetzina SB, Brucker BM, Escobar CM. Analyzing Access and Costs of Oral Medications for Overactive Bladder: Uncovering Disparities. Urology 2024; 183:57-62. [PMID: 37778479 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2023.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report out-of-pocket costs associated with overactive bladder (OAB) medications among Medicare beneficiaries and the uninsured. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Prescription Drug Plan Formulary Data (Q1-2022). FDA-approved medications for OAB were identified. We calculated out-of-pocket costs for Medicare beneficiaries in each Part D prescription benefit phase, average retail price, total yearly costs and discounted prices through cash-pay discount coupons (GoodRx) or online pharmacies like Mark Cuban Cost Plus Drug Company (MCCPDC). We also report plan utilization management requirements. RESULTS We analyzed 5721 plan formularies for 18 medications. Mirabegron was the only beta-3 agonist (B3). Only Vesicare oral solution (14.3% of plans) and Mirabegron (0.1%) required prior authorization. Many plans required step therapy for selective generic anticholinergics (ACH) (12.4%-43.3%), while the B3 rarely required step therapy (0.6%). Monthly costs varied by coverage phase and averaged $59 for ACHs in the initial coverage phase ($14 in catastrophic; $72 in coverage gap). The monthly cost for the B3 averaged $47 in the initial coverage phase ($26 in catastrophic; $129 in coverage gap). The total yearly cost for generic ACHs ranged from $494 (oxybutynin IR) to $1452 (darifenacin) and the yearly cost for brand-name ACHs ranged from $1175 (Toviaz ER) to $2198 (Oxytrol). The total yearly cost for the B3 was $1283. CONCLUSION We evaluated coverage, out-of-pocket costs, total yearly costs, and utilization management for OAB medications to make pricing more transparent. While selective medications may be "covered," coverage does not translate into affordable drug prices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stacie B Dusetzina
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Health Policy, Nashville, TN; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN
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Colón-López R, Mitvalsky L, Santo TJ, Williamson R, Metcalf R, Shapiro K. FOREWORD: Military Medicine Supplement: Total Force Fitness. Mil Med 2023; 188:2-3. [PMID: 37665581 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usad227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Colón-López
- Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Washington, DC
| | - Laura Mitvalsky
- Defense Health Agency, Public Health Directorate, Falls Church, VA
| | | | - Robert Williamson
- Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Office of the Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Washington, DC
| | - Rebecca Metcalf
- Defense Health Agency, Public Health Directorate, Falls Church, VA and Deloitte Consulting
| | - Katherine Shapiro
- Defense Health Agency, Public Health Directorate, Falls Church, VA and Deloitte Consulting
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Li SR, Handzel RM, Tonetti D, Kennedy J, Shapiro K, Rosengart MR, Hall DE, Seymour C, Tzeng E, Reitz KM. Consensus Current Procedural Terminology Code Definition of Source Control for Sepsis. J Surg Res 2022; 275:327-335. [PMID: 35325636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Unlike antibiotic and perfusion support, guidelines for sepsis source control lack high-quality evidence and are ungraded. Internally valid administrative data methods are needed to identify cases representing source control procedures to evaluate outcomes. METHODS Over five modified Delphi rounds, two independent reviewers identified Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes pertinent to source control. In each round, codes with perfect agreement were retained or excluded, whereas disagreements were reviewed by the panelists. Manual review of 400 patient records meeting Sepsis-3 criteria (2010-2017) clinically adjudicated which encounters included source control procedures (gold standard). The performance of consensus codes was compared with the gold standard to assess sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios. RESULTS Of 5752 CPT codes, 609 consensus codes represented source control procedures. Of 400 hospitalizations for sepsis, 39 (9.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.0%-13.1%) underwent gold standard source control procedures and 29 (7.3%; 95% CI 4.9-10.3%) consensus code-defined source control procedures. Thirty consensus codes were identified (20.0% gastrointestinal/intraabdominal, 10.0% genitourinary, 13.3% hepatopancreatobiliary, 23.3% orthopedic/cranial, 23.3% soft tissue, and 10.0% intrathoracic), which had 61.5% (95% CI 44.6%-76.6%) sensitivity, 98.6% (95% CI 96.8%-99.6%) specificity, 83.2% (95% CI 66.6%-92.4%) positive, and 95.9% (95% CI 93.9%-97.2%) negative predictive values. With pretest probability at sample prevalence, an identified consensus code had a posttest probability of 83.0% (95% CI 66.0%-92.0%), whereas consensus code absence had a probability of 4.0% (95% CI 3.0-6.0) for undergoing a source control procedure. CONCLUSIONS Using modified Delphi methodology, we created and validated CPT codes identifying source control procedures, providing a framework for evaluation of the surgical care of patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimena R Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Robert M Handzel
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Departments of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Tonetti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason Kennedy
- Departments of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine Shapiro
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew R Rosengart
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Departments of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel E Hall
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Wolff Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher Seymour
- Departments of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Edith Tzeng
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine M Reitz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Al-azzam B, Aggarwal I, Barney M, Diaz A, Sreepathy P, Shapiro K, Chen Y, Perez M, Mishra A, Konda S, Darbar D. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SMOKING HISTORY AND RESPONSE TO ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC THERAPY IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION PATIENTS ACROSS RACE-ETHNICITY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(22)01047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Borghesani V, Wang C, Miller C, Mandelli ML, Shapiro K, Miller Z, Fox C, Dronkers NF, Gorno-Tempini ML, Watson C. The resilience of the developing reading system: multi-modal evidence of incident and recovery after a pediatric stroke. Neurocase 2021; 27:338-348. [PMID: 34503393 PMCID: PMC8814732 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2021.1957119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Decades of neuroscientific findings have elucidated the highly specialized brain areas involved in reading, especially along the ventral occipitotemporal stream where the critical step of recognizing words occurs. We report on a 14-year-old female with temporary dyslexia after a left ventral occipitotemporal ischemic stroke. Our longitudinal multimodal findings show that the resolution of the reading impairment was associated with heightened activity in the left posterior superior and inferior temporal gyri. Our findings highlight the role of the left inferior temporal gyrus in reading and the importance of perilesional and ipsilateral cortical areas for functional recovery after childhood stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Borghesani
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C Wang
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M L Mandelli
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K Shapiro
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Z Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C Fox
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - N F Dronkers
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA3, USA
| | - M L Gorno-Tempini
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C Watson
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Crawford JL, Yee DM, Hallenbeck HW, Naumann A, Shapiro K, Thompson RJ, Braver TS. Dissociable Effects of Monetary, Liquid, and Social Incentives on Motivation and Cognitive Control. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2212. [PMID: 33013575 PMCID: PMC7509070 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are social creatures and, as such, can be motivated by aspects of social life (e.g., approval from others) to guide decision-making in everyday contexts. Indeed, a common view is that people may have stronger orientation toward social goals or incentives relative to other incentive modalities, such as food or money. However, current studies have only rarely addressed how social incentives compare to other types of rewards in motivating goal-directed behavior. The current study tested this claim; across two separate experiments, the effects of liquid and social incentives were compared in terms of their subsequent impact on task performance and self-reported affect and motivation. Critically, valenced social incentives offered both ecological validity (short video clips—Experiment 1) and continuity with prior stimuli used in the social reward and motivation literature (static images—Experiment 2) when examining their effect on behavior. Across both studies, the results replicate and extend prior work, demonstrating robust effects of liquid incentives on task performance and self-reported affect and motivation, while also supporting an interpretation of weaker motivational and affective effects for social incentives. These patterns of results highlight the complex and wide-ranging effects of social incentives and call into question the effectiveness of social incentives, relative to other incentive modalities, in motivating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Crawford
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Debbie M Yee
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Haijing W Hallenbeck
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ashton Naumann
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Katherine Shapiro
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Renee J Thompson
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Todd S Braver
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Shapiro K, Guo W, Armann K, Pace N, Shen B, Wang J, Beckel J, de Groat W, Tai C. Pudendal Nerve Block by Low-Frequency (≤1 kHz) Biphasic Electrical Stimulation. Neuromodulation 2020; 24:1012-1017. [PMID: 32762142 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that poststimulation block of nerve conduction can be achieved by low-frequency (≤1 kHz) biphasic stimulation (LFBS). MATERIALS AND METHODS A tripolar cuff electrode was placed around the pudendal nerve in cats to deliver LFBS (1 kHz, 500 Hz, and 100 Hz). Two bipolar hook electrodes were placed central and distal to the cuff electrode to induce external urethral sphincter (EUS) contractions. A catheter was inserted into the urethra to record EUS contraction pressure. Pudendal nerve block by LFBS was confirmed by the failure of the central hook electrode stimulation to induce EUS contractions, while the distal hook electrode stimulation still induced contractions. RESULTS Pudendal nerve conduction was completely blocked by LFBS at different frequencies (1 kHz, 500 Hz, and 100 Hz) after terminating LFBS. The post-LFBS block induced at the minimal stimulation intensity and duration was fully reversible within the same time period (10-15 min on average) for the three frequencies. However, the stimulation duration to induce block significantly (p < 0.05) increased from 23 ± 8 sec to 95 ± 14 sec when frequency increased from 100 Hz to 1 kHz. CONCLUSION This study discovered that LFBS (≤1 kHz), like high-frequency (≥5 kHz) biphasic stimulation (HFBS), can induce poststimulation block. The result provides support for the theory that biphasic stimulation waveforms block axonal conduction by changing intracellular and extracellular ion concentrations. The post-LFBS block provides the opportunity to develop new neuromodulation devices for clinical applications where initial nerve firing is acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Shapiro
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kody Armann
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Natalie Pace
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jicheng Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Beckel
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William de Groat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Changfeng Tai
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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11
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Nooromid M, Chen EB, Xiong L, Shapiro K, Jiang Q, Demsas F, Eskandari M, Priyadarshini M, Chang EB, Layden BT, Ho KJ. Microbe-Derived Butyrate and Its Receptor, Free Fatty Acid Receptor 3, But Not Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2, Mitigate Neointimal Hyperplasia Susceptibility After Arterial Injury. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016235. [PMID: 32580613 PMCID: PMC7670501 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Arterial restenosis after vascular surgery is a common cause of midterm restenosis and treatment failure. Herein, we aim to investigate the role of microbe‐derived butyrate, FFAR2 (free fatty acid receptor 2), and FFAR3 (free fatty acid receptor 3) in mitigating neointimal hyperplasia development in remodeling murine arteries after injury. Methods and Results C57BL/6 mice treated with oral vancomycin before unilateral femoral wire injury to deplete gut microbiota had significantly diminished serum and stool butyrate and more neointimal hyperplasia development after arterial injury, which was reversed by concomitant butyrate supplementation. Deficiency of FFAR3 but not FFAR2, both receptors for butyrate, exacerbated neointimal hyperplasia development after injury. FFAR3 deficiency was also associated with delayed recovery of the endothelial layer in vivo. FFAR3 gene expression was observed in multiple peripheral arteries, and expression was increased after arterial injury. Treatment of endothelial but not vascular smooth muscle cells with the pharmacologic FFAR3 agonist 1‐methylcyclopropane carboxylate stimulated cellular migration and proliferation in scratch assays. Conclusions Our results support a protective role for butyrate and FFAR3 in the development of neointimal hyperplasia after arterial injury and delineate activation of the butyrate‐FFAR3 pathway as a valuable strategy for the prevention and treatment of neointimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nooromid
- Department of Surgery Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL
| | - Edmund B Chen
- Department of Surgery Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL
| | - Liqun Xiong
- Department of Surgery Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL
| | - Katherine Shapiro
- Department of Surgery Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL
| | - Qun Jiang
- Department of Surgery Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL
| | - Falen Demsas
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Hanover NH
| | - Maeve Eskandari
- Department of Surgery Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL
| | - Medha Priyadarshini
- Department of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center Chicago IL
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Section of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Brian T Layden
- Department of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center Chicago IL
| | - Karen J Ho
- Department of Surgery Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL
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Zhao J, Chen J, Guo W, Shapiro K, Mohapatra A, Zhong Y, Armann K, Shen B, Wang J, Beckel J, de Groat WC, Tai C. Superficial peroneal neuromodulation of nonobstructive urinary retention in cats. Neurourol Urodyn 2020; 39:1679-1686. [PMID: 32542996 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine if superficial peroneal nerve stimulation (SPNS) can improve nonobstructive urinary retention (NOUR). METHODS In α-chloralose anesthetized cats, NOUR was induced by repetitive application (4-16 times) of 30-minute tibial nerve stimulation (TNS: 5 Hz frequency, 0.2 ms pulse width) at 4 to 6 times threshold intensity (T) for inducing toe twitches. SPNS (1 Hz, 0.2 ms) at 2 to 4 times threshold intensity (T) for inducing posterior thigh muscle contractions was applied either continuously (SPNSc) during a cystometrogram (CMG) or during voiding (SPNSv) by a surgically implanted cuff electrode or by skin surface electrodes to determine if the stimulation reduced NOUR induced by prolonged TNS. RESULTS During control CMGs, efficient (86.4% ± 5.5%) voiding occurred with a postvoid residual (PVR) volume equal to 14.9% ± 6.2% of control bladder capacity. NOUR elicited by prolonged TNS significantly (P < .05) increased bladder capacity to 168.6% ± 15.5% of control, reduced voiding efficiency to 30.4% ± 4.8%, and increased PVR to 109% ± 9.2% of control. Using the implanted cuff electrode, SPNSc and SPNSv significantly (P < .05) increased voiding efficiency to 66.7% ± 7.4% and 65.0% ± 5.9%, respectively, and reduced PVR to 52.2% ± 11.4% and 64.3% ± 11.6%, respectively. SPNSc but not SPNSv significantly (P < .05) reduced bladder capacity to 133.4% ± 15% of control. Transcutaneous SPNSv but not SPNSc also significantly (P < .05) reversed the TNS-induced NOUR responses. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that SPNS is effective in reversing NOUR induced by prolonged TNS. Transcutaneous SPNS provides the opportunity to develop a noninvasive neuromodulation therapy for NOUR to treat more patients than current sacral neuromodulation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China
| | - Jialiang Chen
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Katherine Shapiro
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anand Mohapatra
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yihua Zhong
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kody Armann
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jicheng Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan Beckel
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William C de Groat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Changfeng Tai
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Guo W, Shapiro K, Wang Z, Pace N, Cai H, Shen B, Wang J, de Groat WC, Tai C, Beckel JM. Response of hypogastric afferent fibers to bladder distention or irritation in cats. Exp Neurol 2020; 329:113301. [PMID: 32251646 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study in anesthetized cats was to identify silent hypogastric nerve (HGN) afferent fibers that do not respond to bladder distention but become responsive after chemical irritation of the bladder. The HGN was split into multiple filaments small enough for recording action potentials from single or multiple afferent fibers. The bladder was distended by infusion of either saline or 0.5% acetic acid (AA) through a urethral catheter while recording intravesical pressure. A total of 90 HGN filaments from 17 cats responded to bladder distention with saline or AA. Three types of HGN afferents were identified. The first type was non-nociceptive mechano-sensitive that responded to bladder distention at normal physiological pressures (10-40 cmH2O). The second type was nociceptive mechano-sensitive that only responded to high-pressure (50-80 cmH2O) bladder distention with saline but responded to low-pressure bladder distention after sensitization with AA. The third type was chemo-sensitive nociceptive that was silent even during high-pressure bladder distention but after sensitization with AA did respond to low-pressure bladder distention. These results indicate that HGN afferents as well as pelvic nerve afferents may play a role in bladder nociception. The HGN afferent fibers that are silent during bladder distention at normal physiological pressures but become responsive after chemical irritation are important for understanding the possible pathophysiological mechanism underlying bladder allodynia in painful bladder syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Guo
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Katherine Shapiro
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Rehabilitation School of Capital Medical University, Department of Urology, Rehabilitation Research Centre, Beijing, PR China
| | - Natalie Pace
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haotian Cai
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; School of Health and Rehabilitation Science, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jicheng Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William C de Groat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Changfeng Tai
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Beckel
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Shapiro K, Pace N, Morgan T, Cai H, Shen B, Wang J, Roppolo JR, de Groat WC, Tai C. Additive Inhibition of Reflex Bladder Activity Induced by Bilateral Pudendal Neuromodulation in Cats. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:80. [PMID: 32116523 PMCID: PMC7020809 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the inhibitory effect on bladder activity induced by bilateral pudendal neuromodulation. Methods In 10 cats under anesthesia, two tripolar cuff electrodes were implanted bilaterally on the pudendal nerves for stimulation. A double lumen catheter was inserted into the bladder through the urethra to infuse saline and measure bladder pressure. During repeated cystometrograms (CMGs) pudendal nerve stimulation (PNS: 5 Hz, 0.2 ms, 5–15 min) was applied unilaterally or bilaterally at 1- or 2-times intensity threshold (T) for inducing anal sphincter twitching. PNS inhibition was indicated by the increase in bladder capacity measured by CMGs. Results Unilateral PNS at 1T did not significantly increase bladder capacity, but at 2T significantly (p < 0.05) increased bladder capacity by about 30%. Bilateral PNS at 1T also failed to increase bladder capacity, but at 2T significantly (p < 0.05) increased bladder capacity by about 60%, indicating an additive effect induced by the bilateral 2T PNS. Unilateral 1T PNS did not enhance the inhibitory effect induced by contra-lateral 2T PNS. Conclusion This study in anesthetized cats reveals that an additive inhibition of reflex bladder activity can be induced by bilateral pudendal neuromodulation, indicating that bilateral PNS might achieve better therapeutic efficacy in treating overactive bladder (OAB) than unilateral PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Shapiro
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Natalie Pace
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Tara Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Haotian Cai
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jicheng Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - James R. Roppolo
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - William C. de Groat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Changfeng Tai
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Changfeng Tai,
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Chen EB, Shapiro K, Kuntz T, Theriault B, Nooromid M, Wun K, Chang EB, Ho KJ. PC230. Microbial Colonization Restores Neointimal Hyperplasia Development After Arterial Injury in Germ-Free Mice. J Vasc Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.04.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tekes A, Poretti A, Scheurkogel MM, Huisman TAGM, Howlett JA, Alqahtani E, Lee JH, Parkinson C, Shapiro K, Chung SE, Jennings JM, Gilmore MM, Hogue CW, Martin LJ, Koehler RC, Northington FJ, Lee JK. Apparent diffusion coefficient scalars correlate with near-infrared spectroscopy markers of cerebrovascular autoregulation in neonates cooled for perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 36:188-93. [PMID: 25169927 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neurologic morbidity remains high in neonates with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury despite therapeutic hypothermia. DTI provides qualitative and quantitative information about the microstructure of the brain, and a near-infrared spectroscopy index can assess cerebrovascular autoregulation. We hypothesized that lower ADC values would correlate with worse autoregulatory function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-one neonates with hypoxic-ischemic injury were enrolled. ADC scalars were measured in 27 neonates (age range, 4-15 days) in the anterior and posterior centrum semiovale, basal ganglia, thalamus, posterior limb of the internal capsule, pons, and middle cerebellar peduncle on MRI obtained after completion of therapeutic hypothermia. The blood pressure range of each neonate with the most robust autoregulation was identified by using a near-infrared spectroscopy index. Autoregulatory function was measured by blood pressure deviation below the range with optimal autoregulation. RESULTS In neonates who had MRI on day of life ≥10, lower ADC scalars in the posterior centrum semiovale (r = -0.87, P = .003, n = 9) and the posterior limb of the internal capsule (r = -0.68, P = .04, n = 9) correlated with blood pressure deviation below the range with optimal autoregulation during hypothermia. Lower ADC scalars in the basal ganglia correlated with worse autoregulation during rewarming (r = -0.71, P = .05, n = 8). CONCLUSIONS Blood pressure deviation from the optimal autoregulatory range may be an early biomarker of injury in the posterior centrum semiovale, posterior limb of the internal capsule, and basal ganglia. Optimizing blood pressure to support autoregulation may decrease the risk of brain injury in cooled neonates with hypoxic-ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tekes
- From the Division of Pediatric Radiology and Pediatric Neuroradiology (A.T., A.P., M.M.S., T.A.G.M.H., E.A.), Department of Radiology Neurosciences Intensive Care Nursery Program (A.T., A.P., T.A.G.M.H, J.A.H., C.P., K.S., M.M.G., F.J.N., J.K.L.)
| | - A Poretti
- From the Division of Pediatric Radiology and Pediatric Neuroradiology (A.T., A.P., M.M.S., T.A.G.M.H., E.A.), Department of Radiology Neurosciences Intensive Care Nursery Program (A.T., A.P., T.A.G.M.H, J.A.H., C.P., K.S., M.M.G., F.J.N., J.K.L.)
| | - M M Scheurkogel
- From the Division of Pediatric Radiology and Pediatric Neuroradiology (A.T., A.P., M.M.S., T.A.G.M.H., E.A.), Department of Radiology
| | - T A G M Huisman
- From the Division of Pediatric Radiology and Pediatric Neuroradiology (A.T., A.P., M.M.S., T.A.G.M.H., E.A.), Department of Radiology Neurosciences Intensive Care Nursery Program (A.T., A.P., T.A.G.M.H, J.A.H., C.P., K.S., M.M.G., F.J.N., J.K.L.)
| | - J A Howlett
- Neurosciences Intensive Care Nursery Program (A.T., A.P., T.A.G.M.H, J.A.H., C.P., K.S., M.M.G., F.J.N., J.K.L.) Division of Neonatology, (J.A.H., C.P., K.S., M.M.G., F.J.N.), Department of Pediatrics
| | - E Alqahtani
- From the Division of Pediatric Radiology and Pediatric Neuroradiology (A.T., A.P., M.M.S., T.A.G.M.H., E.A.), Department of Radiology
| | - J-H Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (J.-H.L., C.W.H., R.C.K.)
| | - C Parkinson
- Neurosciences Intensive Care Nursery Program (A.T., A.P., T.A.G.M.H, J.A.H., C.P., K.S., M.M.G., F.J.N., J.K.L.) Division of Neonatology, (J.A.H., C.P., K.S., M.M.G., F.J.N.), Department of Pediatrics
| | - K Shapiro
- Neurosciences Intensive Care Nursery Program (A.T., A.P., T.A.G.M.H, J.A.H., C.P., K.S., M.M.G., F.J.N., J.K.L.) Division of Neonatology, (J.A.H., C.P., K.S., M.M.G., F.J.N.), Department of Pediatrics
| | - S-E Chung
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (S.-E.C., J.M.J.), Department of Pediatrics Center for Child and Community Health Research (S.-E.C., J.M.J., J.K.L.)
| | - J M Jennings
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (S.-E.C., J.M.J.), Department of Pediatrics Center for Child and Community Health Research (S.-E.C., J.M.J., J.K.L.)
| | - M M Gilmore
- Neurosciences Intensive Care Nursery Program (A.T., A.P., T.A.G.M.H, J.A.H., C.P., K.S., M.M.G., F.J.N., J.K.L.) Division of Neonatology, (J.A.H., C.P., K.S., M.M.G., F.J.N.), Department of Pediatrics
| | - C W Hogue
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (J.-H.L., C.W.H., R.C.K.)
| | - L J Martin
- Division of Neuropathology (L.J.M.), Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - R C Koehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (J.-H.L., C.W.H., R.C.K.)
| | - F J Northington
- Neurosciences Intensive Care Nursery Program (A.T., A.P., T.A.G.M.H, J.A.H., C.P., K.S., M.M.G., F.J.N., J.K.L.) Division of Neonatology, (J.A.H., C.P., K.S., M.M.G., F.J.N.), Department of Pediatrics
| | - J K Lee
- Neurosciences Intensive Care Nursery Program (A.T., A.P., T.A.G.M.H, J.A.H., C.P., K.S., M.M.G., F.J.N., J.K.L.) Center for Child and Community Health Research (S.-E.C., J.M.J., J.K.L.)
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Shapiro K, Sawaki R. Mechanisms of distractor interference in visual working memory. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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McNab F, Ahmad J, Mistry D, Nobre A, Shapiro K. The effects of spatial proximity and colour similarity on competition between targets and distractors on visual working memory. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Miller C, Shapiro K, Luck S. The effect of competition on early visual ERP components. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Shapiro K, Bove R, Volpicelli E, Stone J. Relapsing Course of IgG4-Related Pachymeningitis (P01.112). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p01.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Shapiro K, Fan Z, Muthukumaraswamy S, Singh K. The role of a sustained left parietal-occipital component in the serial chaining of two cognitive operations. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Shapiro K, Fan Z, Johnston S, Muthukumaraswamy S, Singh K. Serial chaining of two cognitive operations: An fMRI and MEG study. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Goolsby BA, Raymond JE, Shapiro K. The modulation of social-emotional judgments in a directed forgetting paradigm. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ihssen N, Linden D, Shapiro K. Increased vSTM for sequential displays - behavioural and neuronal dynamics. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Raymond J, Fan Z, Rayani T, Shapiro K. Is sensory or mnemonic information better for matching objects? J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Johnston S, Linden D, Vogels W, Shapiro K. Working memory and the attentional blink: fMRI investigations of the neural correlates of the working memory bottleneck. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Benito C, Raymond J, Shapiro K, Nobre A. Retrieval deficits in short term memory (STM) for temporally adjacent items: An un-attentional (Mnemonic) blink? J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Vogels W, Johnston S, Shapiro K, Linden D. Examining the interaction between WM and the attentional blink. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Johnston S, Shapiro K. Can task irrelevant distraction attenuate an auditory attentional blink? J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Shapiro K, Schmitz F, Martens S, Mueller K, Loach D, Akyurek E, Hommel B, Schnitzler A. MEG reveals correlation between task difficulty and magnitude of the attentional blink. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/2.7.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Tacconi LJ, Genzel R, Neri R, Cox P, Cooper MC, Shapiro K, Bolatto A, Bouché N, Bournaud F, Burkert A, Combes F, Comerford J, Davis M, Schreiber NMF, Garcia-Burillo S, Gracia-Carpio J, Lutz D, Naab T, Omont A, Shapley A, Sternberg A, Weiner B. High molecular gas fractions in normal massive star-forming galaxies in the young Universe. Nature 2010; 463:781-4. [PMID: 20148033 DOI: 10.1038/nature08773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 766] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Vallely A, Shagi C, Lees S, Shapiro K, Masanja J, Nikolau L, Kazimoto J, Soteli S, Moffat C, Changalucha J, McCormack S, Hayes RJ. Microbicides development programme: engaging the community in the standard of care debate in a vaginal microbicide trial in Mwanza, Tanzania. BMC Med Ethics 2009; 10:17. [PMID: 19814830 PMCID: PMC2765979 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6939-10-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV prevention research in resource-limited countries is associated with a variety of ethical dilemmas. Key amongst these is the question of what constitutes an appropriate standard of health care (SoC) for participants in HIV prevention trials. This paper describes a community-focused approach to develop a locally-appropriate SoC in the context of a phase III vaginal microbicide trial in Mwanza City, northwest Tanzania. METHODS A mobile community-based sexual and reproductive health service for women working as informal food vendors or in traditional and modern bars, restaurants, hotels and guesthouses has been established in 10 city wards. Wards were divided into geographical clusters and community representatives elected at cluster and ward level. A city-level Community Advisory Committee (CAC) with representatives from each ward has been established. Workshops and community meetings at ward and city-level have explored project-related concerns using tools adapted from participatory learning and action techniques e.g. chapati diagrams, pair-wise ranking. Secondary stakeholders representing local public-sector and non-governmental health and social care providers have formed a trial Stakeholders' Advisory Group (SAG), which includes two CAC representatives. RESULTS Key recommendations from participatory community workshops, CAC and SAG meetings conducted in the first year of the trial relate to the quality and range of clinic services provided at study clinics as well as broader standard of care issues. Recommendations have included streamlining clinic services to reduce waiting times, expanding services to include the children and spouses of participants and providing care for common local conditions such as malaria. Participants, community representatives and stakeholders felt there was an ethical obligation to ensure effective access to antiretroviral drugs and to provide supportive community-based care for women identified as HIV positive during the trial. This obligation includes ensuring sustainable, post-trial access to these services. Post-trial access to an effective vaginal microbicide was also felt to be a moral imperative. CONCLUSION Participatory methodologies enabled effective partnerships between researchers, participant representatives and community stakeholders to be developed and facilitated local dialogue and consensus on what constitutes a locally-appropriate standard of care in the context of a vaginal microbicide trial in this setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN64716212.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Vallely
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- African Medical and Research Foundation, PO Box 1482, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Charles Shagi
- African Medical and Research Foundation, PO Box 1482, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Shelley Lees
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- National Institute for Medical Research, PO Box 1462, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Katherine Shapiro
- Consultant, Global Campaign for Microbicides/PATH, Middlesex, Vermont, USA
| | - Joseph Masanja
- African Medical and Research Foundation, PO Box 1482, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Lawi Nikolau
- Stakeholders Advisory Group, Microbicides Development Programme, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Johari Kazimoto
- Community Advisory Committee, Microbicides Development Programme, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Selephina Soteli
- African Medical and Research Foundation, PO Box 1482, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Claire Moffat
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- African Medical and Research Foundation, PO Box 1482, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - John Changalucha
- National Institute for Medical Research, PO Box 1462, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Sheena McCormack
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, 222 Euston Road, London NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Richard J Hayes
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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Shapiro K, Martin E, Arend I, Johnston S, Klein C. The contingent negative variation (CNV) event-related potential (ERP) predicts the attentional blink. J Vis 2008. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Taylor J, Nobre A, Shapiro K. Introduction to the special issue on ‘Brain & Attention’. Neural Netw 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2006.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Genzel R, Tacconi LJ, Eisenhauer F, Schreiber NMF, Cimatti A, Daddi E, Bouché N, Davies R, Lehnert MD, Lutz D, Nesvadba N, Verma A, Abuter R, Shapiro K, Sternberg A, Renzini A, Kong X, Arimoto N, Mignoli M. The rapid formation of a large rotating disk galaxy three billion years after the Big Bang. Nature 2006; 442:786-9. [PMID: 16915282 DOI: 10.1038/nature05052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Observations and theoretical simulations have established a framework for galaxy formation and evolution in the young Universe. Galaxies formed as baryonic gas cooled at the centres of collapsing dark-matter haloes; mergers of haloes and galaxies then led to the hierarchical build-up of galaxy mass. It remains unclear, however, over what timescales galaxies were assembled and when and how bulges and disks--the primary components of present-day galaxies--were formed. It is also puzzling that the most massive galaxies were more abundant and were forming stars more rapidly at early epochs than expected from models. Here we report high-angular-resolution observations of a representative luminous star-forming galaxy when the Universe was only 20% of its current age. A large and massive rotating protodisk is channelling gas towards a growing central stellar bulge hosting an accreting massive black hole. The high surface densities of gas, the high rate of star formation and the moderately young stellar ages suggest rapid assembly, fragmentation and conversion to stars of an initially very gas-rich protodisk, with no obvious evidence for a major merger.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Genzel
- Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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Johnston S, Shapiro K, Roberts N, Zhaman A. Working memory and the attentional blink. J Vis 2005. [DOI: 10.1167/5.8.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Arend I, Johnston S, Shapiro K. Illusory motion attenuates the attentional blink. J Vis 2005. [DOI: 10.1167/5.8.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
Intensification of poverty and degradation of health infrastructure over recent decades in countries most affected by HIV/AIDS present formidable challenges to clinical research. This paper addresses the overall standard of health care (SOC) that should be provided to research participants in developing countries, rather than the narrow definition of SOC that has characterised the international debate on standards of health care. It argues that contributing to sustainable improvements in health by progressively ratcheting the standard of care upwards for research participants and their communities is an ethical obligation of those in resource-rich countries who sponsor and implement research in poorer ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shapiro
- Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Gross J, Schmitz F, Schnitzler I, Kessler K, Shapiro K, Hommel B, Schnitzler A. Modulation of Long-Range Neural Synchrony Associated with Changes in Visual Attention. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-831992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Shapiro K, Drew T. Conceptual Masking in the Attentional Blink Paradigm. J Vis 2004. [DOI: 10.1167/4.8.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Shapiro K, Patel S, Choy C, Chaudry G, Khalil S, Ferzli G. Totally extraperitoneal repair of obturator hernia. Surg Endosc 2004; 18:954-6. [PMID: 15095078 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-003-8212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2003] [Accepted: 10/30/2003] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One distinct advantage of the 1aparoscopic inguinal hernia repair is the opportunity for clear visualization of the direct, indirect, femoral, and obturator spaces. The surgeon should routinely inspect all of them. Obturator hernia accounts for as few as 0.073% of all hernias, but the mortality rate when it is acutely incarcerated can be as high as 70%. There is only one previous report of a totally extraperitoneal repair for obturator hernia. Five such procedures are described. METHODS A retrospective review was undertaken to evaluate one surgeon's experience with the totally extraperitoneal repair of obturator hernia over a 4-year period. Four of five cases were completed, and the remaining case was converted to an open procedure. RESULTS Three hernias were on the right side, and two on the left. One patient presented with an acutely incarcerated obturator hernia and underwent a small bowel resection for strangulated bowel within the obturator space. The other four hernias were found during totally extraperitoneal repair, and the patients were discharged home several hours later. There was one complication, a midline wound infection in the patient with strangulated bowel. It was treated with dressing changes. There were no other complications, and during a follow-up period of 3 to 48 months, there was no recurrence. CONCLUSIONS The laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal approach allows inspection and repair of direct, indirect, femoral, and obturator hernias. This study found this procedure to be feasible, safe, and highly effective for the diagnosis and repair of obturator hernias.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shapiro
- Department of Surgery, Staten Island University Hospital, 65 Cromwell Avenue, Staten Island, NY 10304, USA
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Choy C, Shapiro K, Patel S, Graham A, Ferzli G. Investigating a possible cause of mesh migration during totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repair. Surg Endosc 2004; 18:523-5. [PMID: 14752647 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-003-8183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2003] [Accepted: 10/02/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In experienced hands, laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair has a low rate of recurrence, but it still can recur, and a number of reasons for this have been identified. In published studies, the majority of such cases seem to result from inadequate dissection leading to missed hernias or suboptimal mesh placement. But even with adequate dissection and proper placement of a sufficiently large mesh, recurrence sometimes happens. A number of investigators have cited mesh migration or dislocation as a possible cause, and this study examined how hip flexion affects the position of newly placed meshes and staples in totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repair of inguinal hernia. METHODS After completion of the dissection and reduction of discovered hernias, a 15 x 15-cm polypropylene mesh was placed either unilaterally or bilaterally, as indicated. The preperitoneal space then was desufflated. The operating table, in an extended -20 degrees position during surgery, was placed in a 90 degrees position for approximately 15 s. After reinsufflation, the possibility of mesh migration and folding was investigated. Finally, the mesh was stapled, the table again extended and flexed, and the possibility of mesh migration and staple dislodgement investigated once more. RESULTS The mesh did not migrate or become displaced from any potential hernia area, nor did any of the staples become dislodged. CONCLUSIONS Concern about mesh migration attributable to patients sitting up immediately after surgery appears to be unfounded, at least according to the findings for the current, small, simulated study group.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Choy
- Department of Surgery, Staten Island University Hospital, 65 Cromwell Avenue, Staten Island, NY 10304, USA
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Ferzli GS, Shapiro K, DeTurris SV, Sayad P, Patel S, Graham A, Chaudry G. Totally extraperitoneal (TEP) hernia repair after an original TEPIs it safe, and is it even possible? Surg Endosc 2004; 18:526-8. [PMID: 14752649 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-003-8211-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2003] [Accepted: 10/23/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are only scant published reports of totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repair of recurrence after a primary TEP procedure. Furthermore, at least two authors have made the statement that such an operation is virtually impossible. METHODS We have been performing TEP repair of recurrence after TEP since we 1996, and here we present a retrospective review of our experience with the procedure. We employ a method not varying greatly from the standard TEP done for primary hernia. RESULTS All cases were started laparoscopically, and only one of 20 had to be converted to open. Of these cases, 12 were for same-side recurrence and eight for a contralateral new hernia. With a follow-up of 28-74 months, there have been no fatalities, no complications, and no re-recurrence. CONCLUSION We have found that TEP repair of recurrent inguinal hernia after a primary TEP repair is entirely feasible technically as well as entirely safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Ferzli
- Department of Surgery, Staten Island University Hospital, 65 Cromwell Avenue, Staten Island, NY 10304, USA.
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Patel SM, Shapiro K, Abdo Z, Ferzli GS. Obstructive symptoms associated with the Lap-Band in the first 24 hours. Surg Endosc 2004; 18:51-5. [PMID: 14625749 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-002-8650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2002] [Accepted: 06/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Lap-Band is a gastric restrictive procedure for the treatment of morbid obesity. We review the etiology of obstructive complications that present in the first postoperative 24 h. METHODS Fifty-six Lap-Band procedures were performed by one surgeon between January and September 2002. RESULTS Six patients presented with obstruction within 24 h of surgery: gastric slippage in three patients, gastric edema in one patient, and esophageal hypomotility in two patients. CONCLUSIONS Placing the band in an esophagogastric position as per Belachew and Weiner reduced our incidence of gastric slippage to none. Endoscopy with placement of a nasogastric feeding tube can relieve obstruction caused by esophageal hypomotility. Gastric edema with no clinical signs of obstruction will resolve with time. Clinicians must be aware of the unique complications that come with the advent of this new procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Patel
- Department of Surgery, Staten Island University Hospital, 65 Cromwell Avenue, Staten Island, NY 10304, USA
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Ferzli G, Shapiro K, Chaudry G, Patel S. Laparoscopic extraperitoneal approach to acutely incarcerated inguinal hernia. Surg Endosc 2003; 18:228-31. [PMID: 14639475 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-003-8185-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2003] [Accepted: 07/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic treatment of acutely incarcerated inguinal hernia is uncommon and still controversial. Those being performed almost all use the transabdominal (TAPP) approach. The authors here present their experience with totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repair of acutely incarcerated hernia. METHODS A retrospective review was undertaken to evaluate the authors' experience with this procedure over a 4-year period. There were 16 cases, 5 of which were performed using a conventional anterior repair. These 5 cases were excluded from the review. The surgery for all of the remaining 11 acutely incarcerated hernias was started laparoscopically using the TEP approach. Eight of the cases were completed this way, whereas three were converted to the open procedure. In addition to standard TEP repair techniques, a releasing incision is required for acutely incarcerated direct, indirect, or femoral hernias. With a direct hernia, the opening of the defect is enlarged to allow safe dissection of its contents. A releasing incision is made at the anteromedial aspect of the defect to avoid injury to the epigastric or iliac vessels. With an indirect hernia, several additional steps are required. The epigastric vessels may be divided; an additional trocar may be placed laterally below the linea semicircularis to facilitate dissection of the sac and to assist with suturing of the divided sac; and the deep internal ring is divided anteriorly at the 12 o'clock position toward the external ring, facilitating dissection of the indirect sac. With a femoral hernia, a releasing incision is made by carefully incising the insertion of the iliopubic tract into Cooper's ligament at the medial portion of the femoral ring. RESULTS The mean operative time was 50 min (range, 20-120 min), and the length of hospital stay was 5.4 days (range, 1-29 days). During a follow-up period of 9 to 69 months, there was no recurrence, and only two complications. One of these complications was an infected mesh that occurred in a case involving cecal injury. It was treated with continuous irrigation and salvaged. The other complication was a midline wound infection after a small bowel resection for a strangulated obturator hernia. CONCLUSIONS Familiarity with the anatomy involved leads to the conclusion that the laparoscopic approach, specifically the TEP procedure, can be used without hesitation even in cases of acutely incarcerated hernia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ferzli
- Department of Surgery, Staten Island University Hospital, 65 Cromwell Avenue, Staten Island, NY 10304, USA.
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Shapiro K, Patel S, Abdo Z, Ferzli G. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding: is there a learning curve? Surg Endosc 2003; 18:48-50. [PMID: 14625767 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-003-8105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2003] [Accepted: 05/22/2003] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To be certified for laparoscopic placement of adjustable gastric banding, surgeons must have advanced laparoscopic experience. Despite previous exposure to other kinds of laparoscopy, there may a learning curve specific to Lap-Band placement. METHODS Sixty consecutive patients were prospectively separated into two groups: the first 30 patients operated on (group 1) and the second 30 patients operated on (group 2). RESULTS Both groups were similar statistically in regard to gender, age, and body mass index. Operative time for group 1 was 79 +/- 31.1 min. There were 11 (37%) complications in 10 patients. Operative time for group 2 was 59 +/- 19.9 min. There were two complications (7%). All operations were completed laparoscopically. Operative time was significantly lower in group 2 ( t-test; p = 004). Complications were also significantly lower (chi-square; p = 0.005). The number of reoperations was also reduced and approached statistical significance (chi-square; p = 0.054). Readmissions, although reduced, were not statistically significant. There were no deaths in either group. CONCLUSIONS Despite a surgeon's history of advanced laparoscopic experience, there is a definite learning curve associated with the laparoscopically placed adjustable gastric band.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shapiro
- Department of Surgery, Staten Island University Hospital, 65 Cromwell Avenue, Staten Island, NY 10304, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shapiro
- Cognitive Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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