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Frediani E, Scavone F, Laurenzana A, Chillà A, Tortora K, Cimmino I, Leri M, Bucciantini M, Mangoni M, Fibbi G, Del Rosso M, Mocali A, Giovannelli L, Margheri F. Olive phenols preserve lamin B1 expression reducing cGAS/STING/NFκB-mediated SASP in ionizing radiation-induced senescence. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2337-2350. [PMID: 35278036 PMCID: PMC8995441 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence occurs upon critical telomere shortening, or following DNA damage, oncogenic activation, hypoxia and oxidative stress, overall referred to stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS). In response to DNA damage, senescent cells release cytoplasmic chromatin fragments (CCFs), and express an altered secretome, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which contributes to generate a pro-inflammatory and pro-tumoral extracellular milieu. Polyphenols have gained significant attention owing to their anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour activities. Here, we studied the effect of oleuropein aglycone (OLE) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) on DNA damage, CCF appearance and SASP in a model of irradiation-induced senescence. Neonatal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) were γ-irradiated and incubated with OLE, 5 µM and HT, 1 µM. Cell growth and senescence-associated (SA)-β-Gal-staining were used as senescence markers. DNA damage was evaluated by Comet assay, lamin B1 expression, release of CCFs, cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (cGAS) activation. IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and RANTES were measured by ELISA assay. Our results showed that OLE and HT exerted a protective effect on 8 Gy irradiation-induced senescence, preserving lamin B1 expression and reducing cGAS/STING/NFκB-mediated SASP. The ability of OLE and HT to mitigate DNA damage, senescence status and the related SASP in normal cells can be exploited to improve the efficacy and safety of cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Frediani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Francesca Scavone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Anna Laurenzana
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Anastasia Chillà
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | | | - Ilaria Cimmino
- Department of Translational MedicineResearch Unit (URT) Genomic of DiabetesInstitute of Experimental Endocrinology and OncologyNational Council of Research (CNR)University of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Manuela Leri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Monica Bucciantini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Monica Mangoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
- Radiation Oncology Unit ‐ Oncology DepartmentAzienda Ospedaliero Universitaria CareggiFlorenceItaly
| | - Gabriella Fibbi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Mario Del Rosso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Alessandra Mocali
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department of Neurofarba (Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health)University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Francesca Margheri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
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Tortora K, Margheri F, Luceri C, Mocali A, Ristori S, Magnelli L, Caderni G, Giovannelli L. Colon fibroblasts from Pirc rats (F344/NTac-Apc am1137 ) exhibit a proliferative and inflammatory phenotype that could support early stages of colon carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer 2022; 150:362-373. [PMID: 34486752 PMCID: PMC9291568 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of fibroblast APC mutation in carcinogenesis is not clear. Apc+/− colon fibroblasts have been previously characterized: however, little is known about their behavior at very early‐stage of colon carcinogenesis. We cultured colon mucosa fibroblasts (PCF, Apc+/−) of Pirc rats (F344/NTac‐Apcam1137) at an early stage of tumorigenesis, in absence of preneoplastic lesions, and of age‐matched wt (WCF): DNA damage levels, inflammatory phenotype and the expression of known markers of CAFs were analyzed. The latter were also assessed by microarray analysis on colon normal mucosa of Pirc and wt animals. PCF exhibited higher proliferative rates (P < .001) and delayed replicative senescence onset (P < .05) compared to WCF, along with a lower level of oxidative DNA damage (P < .05). Furthermore, a constitutively higher expression of COX‐2 and sensitivity to inflammatory stimuli was found in PCF compared to WCF (P < .05), accompanied by higher invasive capability (P < .05) and presence of cytoplasmic chromatin foci (cytoplasmic chromatin foci, P < .05). However, they neither expressed CAFs markers (α‐SMA, IL‐6) nor responded to CAFs activating stimuli (TGF‐β). Accordingly, CAFs markers and activating stimuli resulted down‐regulated in Pirc normal mucosa compared to wt, whereas DNA damage response and tolerance pathways were overexpressed. These data show for the first time that a proliferative and inflammatory phenotype characterizes Apc+/− colon fibroblasts since very early stages of colon tumorigenesis, and indicate a role of Apc mutation in driving fibroblast phenotypic alterations that could support the establishment of a protumorigenic environment. Early pharmacological targeting of these dysfunctions might impact on tumor prevention in FAP patients.
What's new?
Heterozygous mutations in APC represent the earliest event in sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis onset and cause familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome. However, the role of APC‐mutated fibroblasts remains unclear. Here, Apc+/‐ fibroblasts isolated from apparently‐normal colon tissue of Pirc rats showed proliferative, inflammatory features and resistance to oxidative DNA damage, although they did not show cancer‐associated fibroblast features. These data suggest that, at the very early stages of colon tumourigenesis, Apc‐mutated colon fibroblasts favour the establishment of a pro‐tumourigenic environment for pre‐neoplastic lesion development. Early pharmacological targeting of these dysfunctions might be valuable for tumour prevention in familial adenomatous polyposis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Tortora
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Margheri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Mario Serio, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Luceri
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mocali
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Mario Serio, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Ristori
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Magnelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Mario Serio, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Caderni
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Tortora K, Vitali F, De Filippo C, Caderni G, Giovannelli L. DNA damage in colon mucosa of Pirc rats, an Apc-driven model of colon tumorigenesis. Toxicol Lett 2020; 324:12-19. [PMID: 32035981 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
APC mutation is the first event triggering colon carcinogenesis (CRC). The contribution of APC to colon mucosa DNA damage is not well characterized yet. Similarly, the role of genotoxin-producer gut microorganisms is unclear. DNA strand breaks and oxidative damage were measured in Pirc rats, mutated in Apc, with the COMET assay at age 1 (T1) and 11 months (T11), i.e. in absence and presence of colon adenomas. In Pirc colon mucosa a 2-fold increase in the mean level of DNA oxidative damage was found at T11 compared to T1. Moreover, the analysis of DNA damage distribution showed that the proportion of Pirc mucosa cells in the highest DNA damage class was increased compared to wt rats at T1 and T11 months (p < 0.05 and <0.001, respectively). The analysis of colon mucosa-associated microbiota composition showed that this result was not attributable to the presence of genotoxin-producer bacteria B. fragilis nor E. coli. However, Pirc colon mucosa was enriched in Clostridium cluster XI, harmful bacteria in the large intestine, while the wt colon mucosa was enriched in Clostridium cluster IV. This work provides an original way to investigate the interplay between Apc and gut microbiota in affecting DNA stability during CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Tortora
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Vitali
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta De Filippo
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Caderni
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy.
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Navarra M, Femia AP, Romagnoli A, Tortora K, Luceri C, Cirmi S, Ferlazzo N, Caderni G. A flavonoid-rich extract from bergamot juice prevents carcinogenesis in a genetic model of colorectal cancer, the Pirc rat (F344/NTac-Apc am1137). Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:885-894. [PMID: 30919084 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01948-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the potential of a flavonoid-rich extract from bergamot juice (BJe) to prevent colorectal carcinogenesis (CRC) in vivo. MAIN METHODS Pirc rats (F344/NTac-Apcam1137), mutated in Apc, the key gene in CRC, were treated with two different doses of BJe (35 mg/kg or 70 mg/kg body weight, respectively) mixed in the diet for 12 weeks. Then, the entire intestine was surgically removed and dissected for histological, immunohistochemical and molecular analyses. RESULTS Rats treated with BJe showed a significant dose-related reduction in the colon preneoplastic lesions mucin-depleted foci (MDF). Colon and small intestinal tumours were also significantly reduced in rats supplemented with 70 mg/kg of BJe. To elucidate the involved mechanisms, markers of inflammation and apoptosis were determined. Compared to controls, colon tumours from BJe 70 mg/kg-supplemented rats showed a significant down-regulation of inflammation-related genes (COX-2, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 and Arginase 1). Moreover, in colon tumours from rats fed with 70 mg/kg BJe, apoptosis was significantly higher than in controls. Up-regulation of p53 and down-regulation of survivin and p21 genes was also observed. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate a strong chemopreventive activity of BJe that, at least in part, is due to its pro-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory actions. This effect could be exploited as a strategy to prevent CRC in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Angelo Pietro Femia
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Romagnoli
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Katia Tortora
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Luceri
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Santa Cirmi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Fondazione "Prof. Antonio Imbesi", Messina, Italy
| | - Nadia Ferlazzo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Caderni
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Lori G, Paoli P, Femia AP, Pranzini E, Caselli A, Tortora K, Romagnoli A, Raugei G, Caderni G. Morin-dependent inhibition of low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP) restores sensitivity to apoptosis during colon carcinogenesis: Studies in vitro and in vivo, in an Apc-driven model of colon cancer. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:686-698. [PMID: 30582224 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
LMW-PTP has been associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) and with the resistance to chemotherapy in cancer cells. To clarify its role in vivo, we studied LMW-PTP expression in Pirc rats (F344/NTac-Apc am1137 ), genetically prone to CRC and resistant to apoptosis. In the morphologically normal mucosa (NM) of Pirc rats, a dramatic over-expression of LMW-PTP was found compared to wt rats (about 60 times higher). Moreover, LMW-PTP levels further increase in spontaneously developed Pirc colon tumors. To understand if and how LMW-PTP affects resistance to apoptosis, we studied CRC cell lines, sensitive (HT29 and HCT-116), or resistant (HT29R, HCT116R) to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU): resistant cells over-express LMW-PTP. When resistant cells were challenged with morin, a polyphenol inhibiting LMW-PTP, a fast and dose-related down-regulation of LMW-PTP was observed. 5-FU and morin co-treatment dramatically decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis, and significantly impaired self-renewal ability of all the cancer cell lines we have studied. Similarly, we observed that, in Pirc rats, one-week morin administration (50 mg/kg) down-regulated LMW-PTP and restored the apoptotic response to 5-FU in the NM. Finally, administration of morin for a longer period led to a significant reduction in colon precancerous lesions, together with a down-regulation of LMW-PTP. Taken together, these results document the involvement of LMW-PTP in the process of CRC in vitro and in vivo. Morin treatment may be envisaged as a system to increase the sensitivity to chemotherapy and to prevent carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences"Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences"Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Angelo Pietro Femia
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Erica Pranzini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences"Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Caselli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences"Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Katia Tortora
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Romagnoli
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Raugei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences"Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Caderni
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Catala GN, Bestwick CS, Russell WR, Tortora K, Giovannelli L, Moyer MP, Lendoiro E, Duthie SJ. Folate, genomic stability and colon cancer: The use of single cell gel electrophoresis in assessing the impact of folate in vitro, in vivo and in human biomonitoring. Mutat Res 2018; 843:73-80. [PMID: 31421742 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Intake of folate (vitamin B9) is strongly inversely linked with human cancer risk, particularly colon cancer. In general, people with the highest dietary intake of folate or with high blood folate levels are at a reduced risk (approx. 25%) of developing colon cancer. Folate acts in normal cellular metabolism to maintain genomic stability through the provision of nucleotides for DNA replication and DNA repair and by regulating DNA methylation and gene expression. Folate deficiency can accelerate carcinogenesis by inducing misincorporation of uracil into DNA, by increasing DNA strand breakage, by inhibiting DNA base excision repair capacity and by inducing DNA hypomethylation and consequently aberrant gene and protein expression. Conversely, increasing folate intake may improve genomic stability. This review describes key applications of single cell gel electrophoresis (the comet assay) in assessing genomic instability (misincorporated uracil, DNA single strand breakage and DNA repair capacity) in response to folate status (deficient or supplemented) in human cells in vitro, in rodent models and in human case-control and intervention studies. It highlights an adaptation of the SCGE comet assay for measuring genome-wide and gene-specific DNA methylation in human cells and colon tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Nadal Catala
- Natural Products Group, Division of Lifelong Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Charles S Bestwick
- Natural Products Group, Division of Lifelong Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Wendy R Russell
- Natural Products Group, Division of Lifelong Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Katia Tortora
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Elena Lendoiro
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago of Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Susan J Duthie
- Natural Products Group, Division of Lifelong Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK.
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Tortora K, Femia AP, Romagnoli A, Sineo I, Khatib M, Mulinacci N, Giovannelli L, Caderni G. Pomegranate By-Products in Colorectal Cancer Chemoprevention: Effects in Apc-Mutated Pirc Rats and Mechanistic Studies In Vitro and Ex Vivo. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 28948694 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE To investigate the effect of pomegranate mesocarp, a polyphenol-rich by-product of juice production, in colorectal cancer (CRC) chemoprevention. METHODS AND RESULTS A mesocarp decoction (PMD) is administered for 6 weeks in the diet to Pirc rats, mutated in Apc, a key-gene in CRC. Mucin-depleted foci (MDFs), as CRC biomarkers, are reduced in PMD-fed rats compared to controls (MDF/colon: 34 ± 4 versus 47 ± 3, p = 0.02). There is an increase in apoptosis in MDFs from PMD-treated rats compared to controls (2.5 ± 0.2 versus 1.6 ± 0.2, p < 0.01). To elucidate the involved mechanisms, two colon-relevant metabolites of the polyphenolic and fiber PMD components, urolithin-A (u-A) and sodium butyrate (SB), are tested alone or in combination in vitro (colon cancer cells), and ex vivo in adenoma (AD) and normal mucosa (NM) from Pirc rats. u-A 25 μm plus SB 2.5 mm (USB) causes a significant reduction in COX-2 protein expression compared to untreated controls (about -70% in cancer cell cultures, AD, and NM), and a strong increase in C-CASP-3 expression in cells (about ten times), in AD and NM (+74 and +69%). CONCLUSION These data indicate a chemopreventive activity of PMD due, at least in part, to pro-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory action of its metabolites that could be exploited in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Tortora
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Angelo Pietro Femia
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Romagnoli
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Sineo
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mohamad Khatib
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nadia Mulinacci
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Caderni
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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