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Poklepovic A, Gordon S, Shafer DA, Roberts JD, Bose P, Geyer CE, McGuire WP, Tombes MB, Shrader E, Strickler K, Quigley M, Wan W, Kmieciak M, Massey HD, Booth L, Moran RG, Dent P. Phase I study of pemetrexed with sorafenib in advanced solid tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 7:42625-42638. [PMID: 27213589 PMCID: PMC5173162 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine if combination treatment with pemetrexed and sorafenib is safe and tolerable in patients with advanced solid tumors. Results Thirty-seven patients were enrolled and 36 patients were treated (24 in cohort A; 12 in cohort B). The cohort A dose schedule resulted in problematic cumulative toxicity, while the cohort B dose schedule was found to be more tolerable. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was pemetrexed 750 mg/m2 every 14 days with oral sorafenib 400 mg given twice daily on days 1–5. Because dosing delays and modifications were associated with the MTD, the recommended phase II dose was declared to be pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 every 14 days with oral sorafenib 400 mg given twice daily on days 1–5. Thirty-three patients were evaluated for antitumor activity. One complete response and 4 partial responses were observed (15% overall response rate). Stable disease was seen in 15 patients (45%). Four patients had a continued response at 6 months, including 2 of 5 patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Experimental Design A phase I trial employing a standard 3 + 3 design was conducted in patients with advanced solid tumors. Cohort A involved a novel dose escalation schema exploring doses of pemetrexed every 14 days with continuous sorafenib. Cohort B involved a modified schedule of sorafenib dosing on days 1–5 of each 14-day pemetrexed cycle. Radiographic assessments were conducted every 8 weeks. Conclusions Pemetrexed and intermittent sorafenib therapy is a safe and tolerable combination for patients, with promising activity seen in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Poklepovic
- Departments of Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Departments of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah Gordon
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Danielle A Shafer
- Departments of Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Departments of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - John D Roberts
- Departments of Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Departments of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Current address: Department of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Prithviraj Bose
- Departments of Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Departments of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Current address: Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Charles E Geyer
- Departments of Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Departments of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - William P McGuire
- Departments of Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Departments of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Mary Beth Tombes
- Departments of Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ellen Shrader
- Departments of Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Katie Strickler
- Departments of Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Maria Quigley
- Departments of Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Wen Wan
- Departments of Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Departments of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Maciej Kmieciak
- Departments of Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - H Davis Massey
- Departments of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Laurence Booth
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Richard G Moran
- Departments of Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul Dent
- Departments of Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Packer L, Dzinas A, Strickler K, Scott V. Genetic differentiation between two host "races" and two species of cleptoparasitic bees and between their two hosts. Biochem Genet 1995; 33:97-109. [PMID: 7677734 DOI: 10.1007/bf00557948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we test the following two hypotheses: (1) that apparently conspecific samples of the cleptoparasitic bee Coelioxys funeraria, differing markedly in size and reared from different host species, do indeed represent one panmictic population; (2) that bees that nest in holes in wood or twigs have higher levels of genetic variation than those nesting in the ground. Based upon 41 loci, the genetic differences between the two samples of C. funeraria could be explained entirely in terms of sampling error. In contrast, the sympatric C. moesta showed 16 fixed allelic differences from the C. funeraria samples. Similarly, the two hosts of C. funeraria, Megachile relativa and M. inermis, had 21 fixed allelic differences between them out of 42 presumptive gene loci. Heterozygosities among the wood-nesting bees were not particularly high for Hymenoptera, ranging from 0.045 to 0.054. Comparisons of heterozygosity estimates among bees remain ambiguous as to whether soil nesting confers sufficient environmental buffering effects to reduce possible advantages of heterosis in ground-nesting species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Packer
- Department of Biology, York University, Ontario, Canada
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