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Sharma S, Thakur K, Sharma R, Bobade H. Molecular morphology & interactions, functional properties, rheology and in vitro digestibility of ultrasonically modified pearl millet and sorghum starches. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127476. [PMID: 37863145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The present research investigated to study the effect of ultrasound treatment on isolated pearl millet starch (PMS) and sorghum starch (SS). Ultrasonication was applied to PMS and SS for 10, 15, and 20 min. Ultrasonically modified pearl millet and sorghum starches evaluated for their techno-functionality, pasting profile, morphology, in vitro starch digestibility, XRD, and molecular interactions. Ultrasound treatment increased water and oil absorption capacity, swelling power, and solubility with treatment time. For ultrasonicated PMS and SS, a significant increase (p < 0.05) in paste clarity (PC) (70.05 % and 67.23 %), freeze-thawing stability (FTS), gel consistency (GC) (25.05 mm and 32.95 mm), and in vitro starch digestibility were observed (57.70 g/100 g and 50.29 g/100 g), whereas no significant changes were recorded for the color values after the ultrasound treatment. Variations in pasting property were also observed in ultrasonicated starches with treatment duration. SEM images confirmed ultrasonication mainly forms pores and indentations on starch granule surface. FTIR spectra and X-ray diffractogram for ultrasonicated starches revealed a slight decrease in the peak intensity and A-type X-ray pattern with lower relative crystallinity (RC) than the native starches. G' > G″ value, indicating the elastic behavior and lower tan δ value, depicting viscous behavior and high gel strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Kavita Thakur
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
| | - Rajan Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Hanuman Bobade
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Gurnani H, Naik S, Dsouza A, Thakur K. Using a mobile phone-based application as an adjunct to facilitate oral hygiene practices in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Eur J Paediatr Dent 2023; 24:267 - 271. [PMID: 37782302 DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2023.1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the efficacy of a mobile phone application to facilitate oral hygiene practices in children with ADHD. METHODS This was a randomized controlled study that included 54 ADHD children after obtaining informed parental consent. The children were randomly divided into 2 groups; Group 1 (conventional) participants were instructed verbally as well as demonstrated the brushing technique on models. Group 2 (mobile phone application) participants were made to download and use the 'BRUSH DJ' app developed by Ben Underwood. At baseline, the oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S) [Greene and Vermillion, 1964] of each child was evaluated clinically and the parents were asked to fill a questionnaire regarding the oral hygiene practices followed by their child every day. At the end of the second, sixth, and twelfth week, the parents were asked to fill the same questionnaire in addition to the evaluation of the OHI-S index. RESULTS A significant difference was found in the brushing time, brushing frequency, and OHI-S index between group 1 and group 2 at the end of 12 weeks. (unpaired t-test, p<0.05) CONCLUSION The mobile phone application proved to be an effective tool in captivating the attention of these children and thus improving their oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gurnani
- BDS, MDS, Pediatric & Preventive Dentist, Myofunctional Therapist, Mumbai, India
| | - S Naik
- BDS, MDS, Professor & Head of the Department, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, D.Y Patil deemed to be University - School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - A Dsouza
- BDS, MDS, Department of Pediatric & Preventive Dentistry, DY Patil deemed to be University - School Of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - K Thakur
- BDS, MDS, Department of Pediatric & Preventive Dentistry, DY Patil deemed to be University - School Of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, India
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Biswas B, Thakur K, Pote TD, Sharma KD, Krishnan SG, Singh AK, Sharma TR, Rathour R. Genetic and molecular analysis of leaf blast resistance in Tetep derived line RIL4 and its relationship to genes at Pita/Pita 2 locus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18683. [PMID: 37907574 PMCID: PMC10618204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Vietnamese indica landrace 'Tetep' is known worldwide for its durable and broad spectrum-resistance to blast. We performed genetic and molecular analyses of leaf blast resistance in a Tetep derived recombinant inbred line 'RIL4' which is resistant to both leaf and neck blast. Phenotypic analysis of segregating F2 progenies suggested that leaf blast resistance in RIL4 was controlled by a dominant gene tentatively designated as Pi-l(t). The gene was mapped to a 2.4 cm region close to the centromere of chromosome 12. The search for the gene content in the equivalent genomic region of reference cv. Nipponbare revealed the presence of five NBS-LRR genes, two of which corresponded to the alleles of Pita and Pi67 genes previously identified from Tetep. The two other genes, LOC_Os12g17090, and LOC_Os12g17490 represented the homologs of stripe rust resistance gene Yr10. The allelic tests with Pita2 and Pi67 lines suggested that the leaf blast resistance gene in RIL4 is either allelic or tightly linked to these genes. The genomic position of the leaf blast resistance gene in RIL4 perfectly coincided with the genomic position of a neck blast resistance gene Pb2 previously identified from this line suggesting that the same gene confers resistance to leaf and neck blast. The present results were discussed in juxtaposition with past studies on the genes of Pita/Pita2 resistance gene complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Biswas
- CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, 176062, India
| | - K Thakur
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr YSP University of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag, 175048, India
| | - T D Pote
- CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, 176062, India
| | - K D Sharma
- CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, 176062, India
| | - S Gopala Krishnan
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - A K Singh
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - T R Sharma
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - R Rathour
- CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, 176062, India.
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Thakur K, Kaur M, Kumar Y. A Comprehensive Analysis of Deep Learning-Based Approaches for Prediction and Prognosis of Infectious Diseases. Arch Comput Methods Eng 2023; 30:1-21. [PMID: 37359745 PMCID: PMC10249943 DOI: 10.1007/s11831-023-09952-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence is the most powerful and promising tool for the present analytic technologies. It can provide real-time insights into disease spread and predict new pandemic epicenters by processing massive amount of data. The main aim of the paper is to detect and classify multiple infectious diseases using deep learning models. The work is conducted by using 29,252 images of COVID-19, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, Pneumonia, normal, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, tuberculosis, viral pneumonia, and lung opacity which has been collected from various disease datasets. These datasets are used to train the deep learning models such as EfficientNetB0, EfficientNetB1, EfficientNetB2, EfficientNetB3, NASNetLarge, DenseNet169, ResNet152V2, and InceptionResNetV2. The images have been initially graphically represented using exploratory data analysis to study the pixel intensity and find anomalies by extracting the color channels in an RGB histogram. Later, the dataset has been pre-processed to remove noisy signals using image augmentation and contrast enhancement techniques. Further, feature extraction techniques such as morphological values of contour features and Otsu thresholding have been applied to extract the feature. The models have been evaluated on the basis of various parameters, and it has been discovered that during the testing phase, the InceptionResNetV2 model generated the highest accuracy of 88%, best loss value of 0.399, and root mean square error of 0.63.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Thakur
- Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab India
| | - Manjot Kaur
- Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Department of CSE, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat India
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Sohkhlet G, Thakur K, David SI, Verma P, Jadav V, S J, Palal D, Borah N, Banerjee A, Nallapu S. Stress in Caregivers of Stroke Patients During Rehabilitation: An Observational Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e37410. [PMID: 37181963 PMCID: PMC10172376 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stroke causes a high burden of death and disability all over the world. The majority of stroke survivors continue to have difficulties, and their families must shoulder a considerable portion of the expenditures of ongoing rehabilitation and long-term care. In India, stroke rehabilitation is still underachieved due to various reasons leading to delay or incomplete recovery of the patients thus adding up more burden on the caregivers. Thus, studying the caregiver burden of stroke rehabilitation will help policymakers tackle this issue faced by our lower economically challenged citizens. OBJECTIVES The objective is to measure the perceived burden on caregivers during stroke rehabilitation. METHODS AND MATERIALS The observational study was conducted by interviewing the stroke survivors' caregivers and visiting the physiotherapy OPD using the caregiver burden scale/questionnaire. RESULTS The study had 76 caregivers, 51.32% were women and 48.68% were men. The average age for caregivers was 42 years and 55 years for patients. The average duration of giving care was six months. The perceived caregiver burden score was low (mean-19.61) suggesting that not all assistance is associated with stress. The correlation of each burden measure with Modified Rankin Scale for disability is significantly correlated (r=0.7, P<0.0001). Further investigation revealed that caregivers had considerably higher levels of stress when the patient needed to exercise, walk or use the restroom. A low yearly income, a higher secondary education, and a small number of family members were shown to be connected with individuals who scored the highest on stress. CONCLUSION Based on this study, we conclude that people with low income residing in nuclear families require more support for caregiving during rehabilitation. We recommend that health and welfare policy measures be developed to lessen caregiver burden in order to improve caregivers' post-stroke experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracia Sohkhlet
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. DY Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, IND
| | - Kavita Thakur
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. DY Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, IND
| | - Sudeep I David
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. DY Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, IND
| | - Prerna Verma
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. DY Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, IND
| | - Vallari Jadav
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. DY Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, IND
| | - Johnson S
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. DY Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, IND
| | - Deepu Palal
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. DY Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, IND
| | - Nirankush Borah
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. DY Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, IND
| | - Amitav Banerjee
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. DY Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, IND
| | - Sandeep Nallapu
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. DY Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, IND
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Dhiman A, Thakur K, Parmar V, Sharma S, Sharma R, Kaur G, Singh B, Suhag R. New insights into tailoring physicochemical and techno-functional properties of plant proteins using conventional and emerging technologies. Food Measure 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-023-01919-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Palal D, Jadhav SL, Gangurde S, Thakur K, Rathod H, S J, Verma P, Nallapu S, Revikumar A, Nair GR. People's Perspective on Out-of-Pocket Expenditure for Healthcare: A Qualitative Study From Pune, India. Cureus 2023; 15:e34670. [PMID: 36909087 PMCID: PMC9993438 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Out-Of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) directly reflects the burden of health expenses that households bear. Despite the availability of social security schemes providing healthcare benefits, a high proportion of Indian households are still incurring OOPE. In order to recognize the reasons behind OOPE, a comprehensive understanding of people's attitudes and behavior is needed. Methodology By purposive sampling, 16 in-depth interviews were conducted using an interview guide in the catchment area of urban and rural health centers of a tertiary healthcare hospital. Interviews were conducted in Marathi and Hindi and were audio tape-recorded after taking informed consent. The interviews were transcribed and translated into English, followed by a thematic analysis. Results Although most participants knew that government hospitals provide facilities and experienced doctors, inconvenience and unsatisfactory quality deter them from utilizing government facilities. A few had experiences with government schemes; almost all concur that the formality and procedure of claiming insurance are cumbersome and all have had bad experiences. Cost of medications and consultation accounted for the majority of the healthcare expenditures. While some participants had benefitted from insurance, few regretted not enrolling in one. Conclusion The awareness regarding government schemes was derisory. Government-financed health insurance schemes and their utilization are crucial to reducing OOPE. Efforts should be made to increase accessibility to public healthcare services. Nevertheless, there is potential to redress the barriers to improve scheme utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepu Palal
- Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, IND
| | - Sudhir L Jadhav
- Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, IND
| | - Shweta Gangurde
- Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, IND
| | - Kavita Thakur
- Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, IND
| | - Hetal Rathod
- Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, IND
| | - Johnson S
- Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, IND
| | - Prerna Verma
- Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, IND
| | - Sandeep Nallapu
- Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, IND
| | - Akhil Revikumar
- Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, IND
| | - Gayatri R Nair
- Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, IND
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Clarke JF, Thakur K, Polak S. A mechanistic physiologically based model to assess the effect of study design and modified physiology on formulation safe space for virtual bioequivalence of dermatological drug products. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1007496. [PMID: 36532731 PMCID: PMC9756572 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1007496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are widely accepted tools utilised to describe and predict drug pharmacokinetics (PK). This includes the use of dermal PBPK models at the regulatory level including virtual bioequivalence (VBE) studies. The current work considers the Topicort® Spray formulation, which contains 0.25% desoximetasone (DSM), as an example formulation. Quantitative formulation composition and in vitro permeation testing (IVPT) data were obtained from the public literature to develop a mechanistic model using the multi-phase, multi-layer (MPML) MechDermA IVPT module in the Simcyp Simulator. In vitro-in vivo extrapolation functionality was used to simulate in vivo PK for various scenarios and predict a 'safe space' for formulation bioequivalence using the VBE module. The potential effect of vasoconstriction, impaired barrier function, and various dosing scenarios on the formulation safe space was also assessed. The model predicted 'safe space' for formulation solubility suggesting that a 50% change in solubility may cause bio-in-equivalence, whereas viscosity could deviate by orders of magnitude and the formulation may still remain bioequivalent. Evaporation rate and fraction of volatile components showed some sensitivity, suggesting that large changes in the volume or composition of the volatile fraction could cause bio-in-equivalence. The tested dosing scenarios showed decreased sensitivity for all formulation parameters with a decreased dose. The relative formulation bioequivalence was insensitive to vasoconstriction, but the safe space became wider with decreased barrier function for all parameters, except viscosity that was unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. F. Clarke
- Simcyp Division, Certara UK, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - K. Thakur
- Simcyp Division, Certara UK, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - S. Polak
- Simcyp Division, Certara UK, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Thakur K, Sharma S, Sharma R. Morphological and Functional Properties of Millet Starches as Influenced by Different Modification Techniques: A Review. STARCH-STARKE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202200184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Thakur
- Department of Food Science and Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana 141004 India
| | - Savita Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana 141004 India
| | - Rajan Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana 141004 India
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Rathod H, Chaklader B, Srivastava K, Jadhav S, Bhawalkar J, Thakur K, Verma P. SARS CoV-2 Re infection after natural infection compared with previously sero-negative: Descriptive longitudinal study. Med J DY Patil Vidyapeeth 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_807_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Varma K, Thakur K, Bhargava M, Singh T, Misra V, Misra S, Dwivedi M. Spectrum of histopathological changes and its quantification using a scoring system in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2022; 65:781-785. [DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_5_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Gangurde S, Thakur K, Rathod H, Verma P. Culturally coherent nutrition to promote lactating mothers' health. Med J DY Patil Vidyapeeth 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_17_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Rauniyar BK, Kadel A, Thakur K, Adhikari RB, Limbu D, Acharya K, Rajbhandari S, Kansakar S, Malla R, Adhikari CM, Maskey A, Rajbhandari R. Spectrum of coronary angiographic findings in patients with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary PCI in a tertiary care center of Nepal. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2021; 71:32-35. [PMID: 33637314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even in developing countries like Nepal, prevalence of ST-elevation myocardial infarction has been shown to be increased with rise in prevalence of conventional risk factors like diabetes, Hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia and obesity. Our aim is to retrospectively analyze for various risk factors and angiographic patterns of coronary artery disease in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing Primary Percutaneous Intervention. RESULTS During the period of 1 year (January 2019 to December 2019), 816 patients presented to our ER with acute STEMI, among them 437 (53.6%) patients underwent primary PCI strategy and among them 22 (5.3%) patients were died. Thirty-six (4.4%) patients received thrombolysis, among them 5 (13.9%) patients were died while remaining 343 (42.0%) patients were managed conservatively and among them 20 (5.8%) were died. The mean age of patient who underwent primary PCI was 58.5±12.7 years range from 25 years to 99 years. Among them 55-75 years old 217 (49.6%) were highest in number followed by<55 years old 180 (41.2%). Males 318 (72.8%) were predominant. Among those who underwent primary PCI, hypertension 214 (49%) was the most common risk factor, followed by smoking 198 (45.3%), diabetes mellitus 123 (28.1%), dyslipidemia 53 (12.1%) and family history of premature coronary artery disease 18 (4.1%). Among those patients, 292 patients (66.8%) had single vessel disease, 99 patients (22.7%) had double vessel disease, 41 patients (9.3%) had triple vessel disease and 5 patients (1.1%) had non-significant coronary artery stenosis. Left anterior descending (53.3%) was the most frequently found culprit artery, followed by right coronary artery, left circumflex, ramus intermedius and left main artery. CONCLUSION Fifty percent of patients presented with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction and underwent primary PCI were between 55-75 years of age. Hypertension and smoking were the most common risk factors present in those patients. Single vessel disease was most prevalent with left anterior descending found to be the most commonly involved coronary artery followed by right coronary artery and left circumflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Rauniyar
- Department of Cardiology, Shahid-Gangalal National Heart Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - A Kadel
- Department of Cardiology, Shahid-Gangalal National Heart Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - K Thakur
- Department of Cardiology, Shahid-Gangalal National Heart Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - R B Adhikari
- Department of Cardiology, Shahid-Gangalal National Heart Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - D Limbu
- Department of Cardiology, Shahid-Gangalal National Heart Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - K Acharya
- Department of Cardiology, Shahid-Gangalal National Heart Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - S Rajbhandari
- Department of Cardiology, Shahid-Gangalal National Heart Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - S Kansakar
- Department of Cardiology, Shahid-Gangalal National Heart Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - R Malla
- Department of Cardiology, Shahid-Gangalal National Heart Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - C M Adhikari
- Department of Cardiology, Shahid-Gangalal National Heart Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - A Maskey
- Department of Cardiology, Shahid-Gangalal National Heart Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - R Rajbhandari
- Department of Cardiology, Shahid-Gangalal National Heart Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Tikka SK, Singh BK, Nizamie SH, Garg S, Mandal S, Thakur K, Singh LK. Artificial intelligence-based classification of schizophrenia: A high density electroencephalographic and support vector machine study. Indian J Psychiatry 2020; 62:273-282. [PMID: 32773870 PMCID: PMC7368447 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_91_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interview-based schizophrenia (SCZ) diagnostic methods are not completely valid. Moreover, SCZ-the disease entity is very heterogeneous. Supervised-Machine-Learning (sML) application of Artificial-Intelligence holds a tremendous promise in solving these issues. AIMS To sML-based discriminating validity of resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) quantitative features in classifying SCZ from healthy and, positive (PS) and negative symptom (NS) subgroups, using a high-density recording. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Data collected at a tertiary care mental-health institute using a cross-sectional study design and analyzed at a premier Engineering Institute. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of 38-SCZ patients and 20-healthy controls were retrieved. The positive-negative subgroup classification was done using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale operational-criteria. EEG was recorded using 256-channel high-density equipment. Eight priori regions-of-interest were selected. Six-level wavelet decomposition and Kernel-Support Vector Machine (SVM) method were used for feature extraction and data classification. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Mann-Whitney test was used for comparison of machine learning-features. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under receiver operating characteristics-curve were measured as discriminatory indices of classifications. RESULTS Accuracy of classifying SCZ from healthy and PS from NS SCZ, were 78.95% and 89.29%, respectively. While beta and gamma frequency related features most accurately classified SCZ from healthy controls, delta and theta frequency related features most accurately classified positive from negative SCZ. Inferior frontal gyrus features most accurately contributed to both the classificatory instances. CONCLUSIONS SVM-based classification and sub-classification of SCZ using EEG data is optimal and might help in improving the "validity" and reducing the "heterogeneity" in the diagnosis of SCZ. These results might only be generalized to acute and moderately ill male SCZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Krishna Tikka
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Bikesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Bio-Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology , Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - S Haque Nizamie
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shobit Garg
- Department of Psychiatry, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sunandan Mandal
- School of Studies in Electronics and Photonics, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Kavita Thakur
- School of Studies in Electronics and Photonics, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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16
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Singh MS, Goldsmith M, Thakur K, Chatterjee S, Landesman-Milo D, Levy T, Kunz-Schughart LA, Barenholz Y, Peer D. An ovarian spheroid based tumor model that represents vascularized tumors and enables the investigation of nanomedicine therapeutics. Nanoscale 2020; 12:1894-1903. [PMID: 31904048 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09572a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The failure of cancer therapies in clinical settings is often attributed to the lack of a relevant tumor model and pathological heterogeneity across tumor types in the clinic. The objective of this study was to develop a robust in vivo tumor model that better represents clinical tumors for the evaluation of anti-cancer therapies. We successfully developed a simple mouse tumor model based on 3D cell culture by injecting a single spheroid and compared it to a tumor model routinely used by injecting cell suspension from 2D monolayer cell culture. We further characterized both tumors with cellular markers for the presence of myofibroblasts, pericytes, endothelial cells and extracellular matrix to understand the role of the tumor microenvironment. We further investigated the effect of chemotherapy (doxorubicin), nanomedicine (Doxil®), biological therapy (Avastin®) and their combination. Our results showed that the substantial blood vasculature in the 3D spheroid model enhances the delivery of Doxil® by 2.5-fold as compared to the 2D model. Taken together, our data suggest that the 3D tumors created by simple subcutaneous spheroid injection represents a robust and more vascular murine tumor model which is a clinically relevant platform to test anti-cancer therapy in solid tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bevacizumab/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Doxorubicin/analogs & derivatives
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Female
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Mice
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms, Experimental/blood supply
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/blood supply
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Polyethylene Glycols/pharmacology
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Smriti Singh
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Qu J, Zhang F, Thakur K, Shi JJ, Zhang JG, Faisal S, Wei ZJ. The effects of process technology on the physicochemical properties of peony seed oil. Grasas y Aceites 2017. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.1058162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Peony seed oils (PSOs) were prepared using supercritical CO2 (SC) and compared with soxhlet extraction (SE) and mechanical screw press extraction (SPE) methods. The fatty acid compositions of the oils were determined, and the physicochemical properties of the oils, including free radical-scavenging activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, thermal and rheological properties were evaluated. The unsaturated fatty acids in the SE oils were higher than SC and SPE oils due to the higher percentage of olefinic, allylic methylene and allylic methine protons in the SE oils. The SPE oils also displayed the highest DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging activity at the tested concentrations. However, the SE oils showed stronger inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes under in vitro conditions when compared with the other oil samples. The three oils had similar melting and crystalline point due to similar contents of fatty acids (FAs). The SC oils had a lower Ea than the others.
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18
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Bhoil R, Thakur K, Bhoil R. Bilateral neck fistulas. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2016; 133:367-368. [PMID: 27050900 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Bhoil
- Department of radiodiagnosis, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - K Thakur
- Department of otolaryngology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - R Bhoil
- Department of prosthodontics, AFMC Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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19
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Thakur S, Thakur K, Sood A, Chaudhary S. Bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of neonatal septicaemia in a rural tertiary care hospital in North India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2016; 34:67-71. [PMID: 26776121 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.174108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is not much published literature on neonatal septicemia available for the Sub-Himalayan region of North India. Hence, we undertook this study to find out the bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of neonatal septicemia in the neonatal Intensive Care Unit. MATERIAL AND METHODS Blood cultures were performed for all clinically suspected neonatal septicemia cases for 1-year. Identification of all pathogenic isolates was followed by antibiotic sensitivity testing. RESULTS We did blood cultures for 450 neonates and 42% were culture positive. Early onset sepsis were 92 (49%) and 96 (51%) were late onset sepsis. Gram-positive isolates were 60% and 40% were Gram-negative. Staphylococcus aureus (40%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus species (16%), non-fermenter group of organisms (NFGOs) (15%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10%) were the main isolates. Nasal cannula 101 (54%), birth asphyxia 91 (48%), and prematurity 73 (38%) were the prominent risk factors associated with septicemia. Gram-positive organisms were highly resistant to penicillin (87%) whereas Gram-negative isolates showed high resistance to third generation cephalosporins (53-89%) and aminoglycosides (50-67%). The S. aureus isolates were methicillin-resistant in 41% whereas extended spectrum beta lactamase production was seen in 48% Gram-negative isolates. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the recent emergence of Gram-positive organisms as predominant cause of neonatal septicemia in this part of Sub-Himalayan region, along with the review of literature which shows similar results from North India and rest of the world too. Though Gram-negative bacteria still remain the main cause of mortality in neonatal septicemia, we want to dispel the common notion among practitioners that they are the predominant isolates in neonatal septicemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thakur
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. RPGMC, Kangra, Tanda, Himachal Pradesh, India
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20
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Thakur S, Thakur K, Sood A, Jaryal SC. Awareness about needlestick harms and health seeking behaviour among the Safai Karamcharis at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College Kangra at Tanda (Himachal Pradesh). Indian J Med Microbiol 2016; 34:408-9. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.167675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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21
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Bhoil R, Mistry KA, Bhoil R, Thakur K. Unilateral submandibular depression. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2016; 133:285-7. [PMID: 27173754 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2015.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Bhoil
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, HP, India
| | - K A Mistry
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, HP, India
| | - R Bhoil
- Division of Prosthodontics, AFMC, Pune, India.
| | - K Thakur
- Department of Otolaryngology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, HP, India
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22
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Chandra A, Chandra A, Thakur K. Synthesis and ion conduction mechanism on hot-pressed sodium ion conducting nano composite polymer electrolytes. ARAB J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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23
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Deshpande S, Dhote D, Thakur K, Kumar M, Kumar R, Pawar A, Sutar A, Naidu S, Kannan V. EP-1612: Optimizing breast imaging dose in CBCT using patient specific acquisition parameter. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)32863-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Joshi S, Kempton M, Meduoye A, Nikolopoulos I, Thakur K. Fluid management in surgical patients: An educational study. Int J Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.07.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Savic RM, Ruslami R, Hibma JE, Hesseling A, Ramachandran G, Ganiem AR, Swaminathan S, McIlleron H, Gupta A, Thakur K, van Crevel R, Aarnoutse R, Dooley KE. Pediatric tuberculous meningitis: Model-based approach to determining optimal doses of the anti-tuberculosis drugs rifampin and levofloxacin for children. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2015; 98:622-9. [PMID: 26260983 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a highly morbid, often fatal disease. Standard treatment includes isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. Current rifampin dosing achieves low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations, and CSF penetration of ethambutol is poor. In adult trials, higher-dose rifampin and/or a fluoroquinolone reduced mortality and disability. To estimate optimal dosing of rifampin and levofloxacin for children, we compiled plasma and CSF pharmacokinetic (PK) and outcomes data from adult TBM trials plus plasma PK data from children. A population PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) model using adult data defined rifampin target exposures (plasma area under the curve (AUC)0-24 = 92 mg*h/L). Levofloxacin targets and rifampin pediatric drug disposition information were literature-derived. To attain target rifampin exposures, children require daily doses of at least 30 mg/kg orally or 15 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.). From our pediatric population PK model, oral levofloxacin doses needed to attain exposure targets were 19-33 mg/kg. Our results provide data-driven guidance to maximize pediatric TBM treatment while we await definitive trial results.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Savic
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - R Ruslami
- Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - J E Hibma
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - A Hesseling
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - G Ramachandran
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai, India
| | - A R Ganiem
- Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - S Swaminathan
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai, India
| | - H McIlleron
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Gupta
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - K Thakur
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - R van Crevel
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R Aarnoutse
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - K E Dooley
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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26
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Sharma R, Thakur K, Kumar R, Kumar I, Sharma U. Distant C-H Activation/Functionalization: A New Horizon of Selectivity Beyond Proximity. Catalysis Reviews 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2015.1058623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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27
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Deshpande S, Dhote D, Kumar R, Thakur K. SU-E-J-11: Measurement of Eye Lens Dose for Varian On-Board Imaging with Different CBCT Acquisition Techniques. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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28
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Sharma U, Thakur K, Sharma R. Olefins as Unprecedented Feedstock for the Synthesis of Valuable Heterocycles: Regioselectivity Remains an Issue. Synlett 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1379707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Wehliye O, Elfadl D, Walters M, Thakur K. 185. Is microdochectomy a procedure of relevance in diagnosing early breast cancer in an era of 'high-tech' diagnostics? Eur J Surg Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2014.08.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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30
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Jeph S, Thakur K, Shamim S, Verma K, Aggarwal B, Aggarwal A. Giant cardiac tumour thrombus on staging contrast enhanced 18F-FDG PET/CT in a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Chandra A, Chandra A, Thakur K. Synthesis, characterization and ion transport properties of hot-pressed solid polymer electrolytes (1−x) PEO:x KI. Chin J Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-013-1223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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Lynes K, Nikolopoulos I, Akbar N, Michell M, Thakur K. 13. Outcomes following B3/B4 needle core biopsy in South East London Breast Screening Service 2000–2010. Eur J Surg Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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34
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Lynes K, Nikolopoulos I, Akbar N, Michell M, Thakur K. Outcomes following B3/B4 needle core biopsy in South East London Breast Screening Service 2000 to 2010. Breast Cancer Res 2011. [PMCID: PMC3238239 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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35
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Kumari M, Nikolopoulos I, Huf S, Corry D, Thakur K. 6066 POSTER Does the “Two Week Wait” Target Improve the Waiting Times for Specialist Review and Also Waiting Time Between First Seen by Colorectal Cancer Specialist and Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer? Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)71711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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36
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Kumari M, Nikolopoulos I, Huf S, Thakur K. 9031 POSTER Does the “Two Week-Wait” Target Improve Survival in Patients With Lung Cancer in the UK? Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)72343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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38
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Thakur K, Singh G, Agarwal S, Rani L. MENINGITIS CAUSED BY RHODOTORULA RUBRA IN AN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT. Indian J Med Microbiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0255-0857(21)02182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Rhodotorula spp. are common saprophytes but may be responsible for systemic infections in immunocompromised patients. Meningitis caused by Rhodotorula spp. in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients has been reported only rarely. We present a case of meningitis caused by Rhodotorula rubra in HIV infected patient. The presumptive diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis was made on the basis of India ink preparation, Gram staining and latex agglutination test (LAT) for cryptococcal antigen. The final diagnosis was confirmed by isolation of Rhodotorula rubra from cerebrospinal fluid on culture. LAT was considered false positive. Amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine were administered but the patient succumbed to his illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Thakur
- Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla - 171 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
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41
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Thakur K, Singh DV, Goel A. Cranial vault Salmonella osteomyelitis leading to extradural abscess - a case report. Indian J Med Microbiol 2002; 20:219-20. [PMID: 17657075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A case of rarely encountered Salmonella typhi osteomyelitis of left occipital bone leading to extradural abscess, is reported. The causative organism was not suspected until the culture report was obtained. The patient responded promptly to surgical drainage and antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Thakur
- Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla - 171 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
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42
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Beechey-Newman N, Hamed H, Thakur K, D'Ariggo C, Clark S, Fentiman I. Breast 04. Br J Surg 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.89.s.1.30_4.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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43
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Singh DV, Thakur K, Goel A. Microbiological surveillance of currency. Indian J Med Microbiol 2002; 20:53. [PMID: 17657028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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44
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Faiz O, Thakur K, Bendall S, Bell R, Bates T. Moynihan 02. Br J Surg 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.89.s.1.15_2.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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45
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Chianakwalam C, Thakur K, Bendall S, Williams P, Mackie M, Bates T. Breast 20. Br J Surg 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.89.s.1.21_8.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Thakur K, Faiz O, Tekkis P, Chianakwalam C, Bates T. Breast 23. Br J Surg 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.89.s.1.21_11.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Thakur K, Grover PS. Bacterial indices of drinking water from natural sources. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2001; 44:131-4. [PMID: 11883127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Two hundred forty samples of water from twenty natural sources were subjected to the study for the detection of four bacterial indicators of faecal pollution. The samples were subjected to the detection of coliform, faecal coliform, E. coli, S. faecalis, Cl. welchii and plate count at 37 degrees C and 22 degrees C. All these samples were found unfit for human consumption. MPN for coliforms, E. coli and S. faecalis varied from 3 to 1800 per 100 ml of water, sero to 1800 per 100 ml water and zero to 540 per 100 ml of water respectively. Plate count at 37 degrees C and 22 degrees C varied from 2.5 x 10(3) to > 150 x 10(3) per ml of water. Cl. welchii was detected in 30.4% samples in rainy season and high plate count at 37 degrees C and 22 degrees C was observed during the same period.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Thakur
- Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, H.P
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48
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Grover PS, Thakur K. Shima drinking water--a bacteriological analysis. J Commun Dis 2001; 33:44-52. [PMID: 11898462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
300 water samples, 60 from piped supply and 240 from 20 natural sources were analyzed bacteriologically for four important bacterial indicators every month over a period of one year. The MPN of total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis were detected by multiple tube method and Clostridium perfringens was isolated using litmus milk medium. From piped water supply, only one sample was found unfit for human consumption. The plate count at 37 degrees C and 22 degrees C varied from 0.5 x 10(3) to 15 x 10(3) per ml. of water. From natural sources, MPN indices for coliforms, Esch. coli and S. faecalis varied from 3 to > 1800, 0 to > 1800 and 0 to 540 per 100 ml. of water respectively. About 1/3rd of samples showed presence of Cl. perfringens. The plate count varied from 1.0 x 10(3) to > 150 x 10(3) per ml. of water. Salmonella typhi was isolated in 1.25% samples by membrane filtration technique. The water from all the natural sources was unfit for human consumption whereas piped water supply was of good quality in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Grover
- Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh
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49
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Thakur K, Malhotra P, Walia I, Kumar R. Health awareness and treatment compliance of high blood pressure among women in a peri-urban colony of Chandigarh, India. J Indian Med Assoc 1999; 97:217-9. [PMID: 10645694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Health awareness is a central issue in the control of hypertension. In a cross-sectional survey among 1727 women of > 30 years, 2 blood pressure recordings were done in 1686 cases. The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 13.1% (221 out of 1686 cases). A random sub sample of 72 hypertensive women above 30 years of age from a peri-urban colony of Chandigarh was selected to find out health awareness and treatment compliance of hypertension. Sixty-three (87.5%) of the selected women were aware of their high blood pressure. However, only 12 women (16.7%) who were on treatment had achieved control of blood pressure (< 140/90 mm Hg). Main reasons for discontinuing the treatment were ignorance about the need of regular treatment (33.3%), high cost of medicines (19.44%) and non-availability of a family member who can go with the patient to hospital (9.72%). Twenty-six (36.1%) hypertensive women did not know the importance of weight reduction for controlling high blood pressure. Twenty-three (31.9%) hypertensive women were currently smoking. A comprehensive health education approach involving health care professionals, patients and general population should be launched to improve the care of hypertensives in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Thakur
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
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Soonawalla Z, Thakur K, Boorman P, Macfarlane P, Sathananthan N, Parker M. Use of self-expanding metallic stents in the management of obstruction of the sigmoid colon. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998; 171:633-6. [PMID: 9725287 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.171.3.9725287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a new self-expanding metallic endoprosthesis in the management of distal colonic obstruction in seven patients. CONCLUSION. The Wallstent enteral endoprosthesis is safe and effective in relieving obstruction in patients with resectable colonic tumors. Once in place, the Wallstent permits planned elective surgery and avoids a temporary stoma. In addition, the Wallstent can palliate patients with obstruction due to advanced colonic neoplasms. The results of our preliminary study are promising and show a low incidence of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Soonawalla
- Department of Surgery, Conquest Hospital, Hastings, East Sussex, United Kingdom
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