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Staub K, Abrams P. Novel presentation of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome II in a child with simultaneous Addison's disease, type 1 diabetes, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04453. [PMID: 34457274 PMCID: PMC8380072 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Providers should remain vigilant of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type II in the context of persistent low blood sugar in type I diabetes. Correction of adrenal insufficiency is key for regulation of blood sugar and thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Staub
- St. Luke's Clinical Heath CampusTemple University School of MedicineBethlehemPAUSA
| | - Pamela Abrams
- Center for Diabetes and EndocrinologySt. Luke's University Health NetworkCenter ValleyPAUSA
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Lehner A, Staub K, Aldakak L, Eppenberger P, Rühli F, Martin RD, Bender N. Impact of omega-3 fatty acid DHA and EPA supplementation in pregnant or breast-feeding women on cognitive performance of children: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:585-598. [PMID: 32918470 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are important for brain development and cognitive performance. Because they are semi-essential fatty acids, they must be obtained from food. However, the dietary reference intakes of DHA and EPA have not yet been established. In women, a low DHA and/or EPA serum level during pregnancy or breastfeeding might negatively affect their children. For this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials on the association between the consumption of fish oil supplements in pregnant and/or breastfeeding women and the cognitive performance of their children. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, and Central literature databases were systematically searched. We included and extracted relevant studies in duplicate and assessed study quality. Cognitive outcomes were grouped according to published criteria and according to time elapsed after the intervention. We performed fixed-effects meta-analyses for each cognitive outcome and for birth weight. We assessed potential confounding with meta-regressions and sensitivity analyses. RESULTS A total of 11 trials were included. No significant association was found between DHA/EPA supplementation and any of the assessed cognitive parameters or birth weight. DISCUSSION Our results confirm previous reviews on the studied topic. Reasons for inconclusive results may be small sample sizes for each assessed category, questionable quality of included studies, and the difficulty of reliably measuring cognitive performance in small children. Blood levels of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids were mostly not comparable. Furthermore, the influence of genetic and environmental factors could not be assessed. Studies in this field should address such shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lehner
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K Staub
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Aldakak
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P Eppenberger
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F Rühli
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert D Martin
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Integrative Research Center, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - N Bender
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Lehner A, Staub K, Aldakak L, Eppenberger P, Rühli F, Martin RD, Bender N. Fish consumption is associated with school performance in children in a non-linear way: Results from the German cohort study KiGGS. Evol Med Public Health 2020; 2020:2-11. [PMID: 31976073 PMCID: PMC6970346 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction How the long-chain fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the diet permitted human brain evolution, and how much our brains need today to function optimally are still hot topics for debate. DHA and EPA are considered as semi-essential because only insufficient amounts can be produced from other nutrients, such that they must be ingested with the diet. However, the Dietary Reference Intake of DHA and EPA, or of fish containing these fatty acids, has not yet been established. Eating fish is often recommended and generally considered beneficial for health and cognitive development in children and adolescents. For this study, data from a large cohort study were analysed to assess the association between fish consumption and cognitive school performance in children and adolescents. Methods Data from the German cohort of children and adolescent health KiGGS, which was conducted 2003-06 and included more than 17 000 children, were analysed. Ordered logistic regressions were performed to test for associations between fish intake and school performance. Potential confounders were included in the models. Results A statistically significant association was found between an intake of 8 g of fish per day and the probability of increasing the final grade in German [odds ratio (OR) 1.193, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.049-1.358] and mathematics (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.022-1.317) by one point, compared to no or very limited fish consumption. For the outcome German, higher levels of fish intake also showed a positive effect. These relationships were not linear but tended to decrease again at higher doses of fish. Discussion Our result confirms previous reports of a positive association between fish intake and school performance. Interestingly, this relationship was not linear but tended to decrease again in the highest categories of fish intake. We hypothesize that mercury or other pollutants in the fish could be detrimental at high levels. As only half of all children met the minimal fish intake recommendations, fish consumption should be promoted more strongly in children to meet the minimal requirements of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lay Summary Polyunsaturated fatty acids like DHA and EPA that are present in fish are essential for a healthy human brain development. We found a U-shaped association between fish intake and school performance in children. We hypothesize that mercury or other pollutants in the fish could be detrimental at high intake levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lehner
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K Staub
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Aldakak
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P Eppenberger
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F Rühli
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R D Martin
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Integrative Research Center, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, USA
| | - N Bender
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Myburgh J, Staub K, Rühli F, Smith J, Steyn M. Secular trends in stature of late 20th century white South Africans and two European populations. HOMO 2017; 68:433-439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jarde A, Lutsiv O, Park CK, Beyene J, Dodd JM, Barrett J, Shah PS, Cook JL, Saito S, Biringer AB, Sabatino L, Giglia L, Han Z, Staub K, Mundle W, Chamberlain J, McDonald SD. Effectiveness of progesterone, cerclage and pessary for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancies: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BJOG 2017; 124:1176-1189. [PMID: 28276151 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of infant death, but it is unclear which intervention is best to prevent it. OBJECTIVES To compare progesterone, cerclage and pessary, determine their relative effects and rank them. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL and Web of Science (to April 2016), without restrictions, and screened references of previous reviews. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised trials of progesterone, cerclage or pessary for preventing PTB in women with singleton pregnancies at risk as defined by each study. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We extracted data by duplicate using a piloted form and performed Bayesian random-effects network meta-analyses and pairwise meta-analyses. We rated evidence quality using GRADE, ranked interventions using SUCRA and calculated numbers needed to treat (NNT). MAIN RESULTS We included 36 trials (9425 women; 25 low risk of bias trials). Progesterone ranked first or second for most outcomes, reducing PTB < 34 weeks [odds ratio (OR) 0.44; 95% credible interval (CrI) 0.22-0.79; NNT 9; low quality], <37 weeks (OR 0.58; 95% CrI 0.41-0.79; NNT 9; moderate quality), and neonatal death (OR 0.50; 95% CrI 0.28-0.85; NNT 35; high quality), compared with control, in women overall at risk. We found similar results in the subgroup with previous PTB, but only a reduction of PTB < 34 weeks in women with a short cervix. Pessary showed inconsistent benefit and cerclage did not reduce PTB < 37 or <34 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Progesterone was the best intervention for preventing PTB in singleton pregnancies at risk, reducing PTB < 34 weeks, <37 weeks, neonatal demise and other sequelae. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Progesterone was better than cerclage and pessary to prevent preterm birth, neonatal death and more in network meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jarde
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - O Lutsiv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - C K Park
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Beyene
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J M Dodd
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J Barrett
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P S Shah
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J L Cook
- The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - A B Biringer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Sabatino
- Midwifery Education Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - L Giglia
- Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Z Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - K Staub
- Canadian Premature Babies Foundation, Sherwood Park, AB, Canada
| | - W Mundle
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Clinic, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - J Chamberlain
- Save the Mothers, Uganda Christian University, Mukono, Uganda
| | - S D McDonald
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Jarde A, Lutsiv O, Park CK, Barrett J, Beyene J, Saito S, Dodd JM, Shah PS, Cook JL, Biringer AB, Giglia L, Han Z, Staub K, Mundle W, Vera C, Sabatino L, Liyanage SK, McDonald SD. Preterm birth prevention in twin pregnancies with progesterone, pessary, or cerclage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG 2017; 124:1163-1173. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Jarde
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - O Lutsiv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - CK Park
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics; McMaster University Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - J Barrett
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto ON Canada
| | - J Beyene
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics; McMaster University Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - S Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
| | - JM Dodd
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Adelaide; Adelaide Australia
| | - PS Shah
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - JL Cook
- The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada; Ottawa ON Canada
| | - AB Biringer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - L Giglia
- Department of Pediatrics; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Z Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi Province China
| | - K Staub
- Canadian Premature Babies Foundation; Sherwood Park AB Canada
| | - W Mundle
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Clinic; Windsor Regional Hospital; Windsor ON Canada
| | - C Vera
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Escuela de Medicina; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - L Sabatino
- Midwifery Education Program; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - SK Liyanage
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - SD McDonald
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
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Hermanussen M, Aßmann C, Staub K, Groth D. Erratum: Monte Carlo simulation of body height in a spatial network. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70:756. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Panczak R, Held L, Moser A, Jones P, Ruhli FJ, Staub K. Finding ‘big shots’ – spatial analyses of obesity among Swiss male conscripts 2010-2012. Eur J Public Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cku165.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hermanussen M, Aßmann C, Groth D, Staub K. Final height, target height and the community. Georgian Med News 2014:30-34. [PMID: 24940854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Height varies with age, and it varies with historic time. Final height is determined by endocrine parameters and genetics, by nutrition and health, by environmental factors, by birth weight, early growth, BMI, and developmental tempo. European populations of the 19th century were short, but their shortness did not result from growth impairment at all ages. In those days, shortness was mainly due to a significantly blunted adolescent growth spurt. New modelling approaches suggest an independent regulation of adolescent growth and final height: the target for growth and final height appears to be set by the community. In order to test this hypothesis, we formed a geographic network of Switzerland consisting of 169 nodes (district capitals) and 335 connecting edges (roads), and investigated military conscript data obtained between 2004 and 2009. Average height of Swiss military conscripts was 178.2 cm (SD 6.5 cm). But conscripts from first order neighbouring districts were more similar in height than expected. Short stature districts have short, tall stature districts have tall neighbours. We found significant height correlations between 1st (r=0.58), 2nd (r=0.64), 3rd (r=0.45) and even 4th order neighbours (r=0.42). It appears that tall stature communities generate tall people, short stature communities generate short people, and migrants orientate towards the new height target of their host population (community effect on growth).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hermanussen
- Aschauhof 3, Altenhof, Germany; University of Bamberg, Germany; 3University of Potsdam, Germany; 4University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Aßmann
- Aschauhof 3, Altenhof, Germany; University of Bamberg, Germany; 3University of Potsdam, Germany; 4University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Groth
- Aschauhof 3, Altenhof, Germany; University of Bamberg, Germany; 3University of Potsdam, Germany; 4University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - K Staub
- Aschauhof 3, Altenhof, Germany; University of Bamberg, Germany; 3University of Potsdam, Germany; 4University of Zürich, Switzerland
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Hermanussen M, Meitinger T, Veldhuis JD, Low MJ, Pfäffle R, Staub K, Panczak R, Groth D, Brabec M, von Salisch M, Loh CPA, Tassenaar V, Scheffler C, Mumm R, Godina E, Lehmann A, Tutkuviene J, Gervickaite S, Nierop AFM, Holmgren A, Assmann C, van Buuren S, Koziel S, Zadzińska E, Varela-Silva I, Vignerová J, Salama E, El-Shabrawi M, Huiji A, Satake T, Bogin B. Adolescent growth: genes, hormones and the peer group. Proceedings of the 20th Aschauer Soiree, held at Glücksburg castle, Germany, 15th to 17th November 2013. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 2014; 11:341-353. [PMID: 24716402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The association between poverty, malnutrition, illness and poor socioeconomic conditions on the one side, and poor growth and short adult stature on the other side, is well recognized. Yet, the simple assumption by implication that poor growth and short stature result from poor living conditions, should be questioned. Recent evidence on the impact of the social network on adolescent growth and adult height further challenges the traditional concept of growth being a mirror of health. Twenty-nine scientists met at Glücksburg castle, Northern Germany, November 15th - 17th 2013, to discuss genetic, endocrine, mathematical and psychological aspects and related issues, of child and adolescent growth and final height.
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Hermanussen M, Lieberman LS, Janewa VS, Scheffler C, Ghosh A, Bogin B, Godina E, Kaczmarek M, El-Shabrawi M, Salama EE, Rühli FJ, Staub K, Woitek U, Blaha P, Assmann C, van Buuren S, Lehmann A, Satake T, Thodberg HH, Jopp E, Kirchengast S, Tutkuviene J, McIntyre MH, Wittwer-Backofen U, Boldsen JL, Martin DD, Meier J. Diversity in auxology: between theory and practice. Proceedings of the 18th Aschauer Soiree, 13th November 2010. Anthropol Anz 2012; 69:159-74. [PMID: 22606911 DOI: 10.1127/0003-5548/2012/0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Auxology has developed from mere describing child and adolescent growth into a vivid and interdisciplinary research area encompassing human biologists, physicians, social scientists, economists and biostatisticians. The meeting illustrated the diversity in auxology, with the various social, medical, biological and biostatistical aspects in studies on child growth and development.
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Staub K, Rühli F, Woitek U, Pfister C. The average height of 18- and 19-year-old conscripts (N=458,322) in Switzerland from 1992 to 2009, and the secular height trend since 1878. Swiss Med Wkly 2011; 141:w13238. [PMID: 21805409 DOI: 10.4414/smw.2011.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
QUESTION UNDER STUDY We determine the causes of secular changes in the average height of the male Swiss population for the first time by analysing an unbiased, individually measured, highly representative height-data sample of 18- and 19-year-old Swiss conscripts (N = 458,322) at the national level spanning the years 1992 to 2009. Furthermore, we add historical context based on earlier data from the same source. RESULTS In 2009, the average height of regularly 19-year-old Swiss conscripts was 178.2 cm. Percentiles were P5 = 168 cm, P10 = 170 cm, P25 = 174 cm, P50 = 178 cm, P75 = 182 cm, P90 = 187 cm, and P95 = 189 cm. Over the course of the 130 years between 1878-79 and 2009 the average height of 19-year-old conscripts increased by a total of 14.9 cm. The distribution shifted upwards. In 1878-79, 5.48% of conscripts were 175 cm tall or taller, but only 0.89% were 180 cm tall or taller. In 2008-09, 71.13% of the conscripts were 175 cm tall or taller, and 41.69% 180 cm tall or taller. In recent decades, this trend has slowed markedly. CONCLUSIONS While the increase in average height among Swiss conscripts (representative 90% of the male Swiss population) since the 19th century is usually attributed to improvements in living conditions, all of the factors contributing to the recent slowdown have yet to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Staub
- Centre for Evolutionary Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, CH.
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Hendrickx E, Guenther B, Zhang Y, Wang J, Staub K, Zhang Q, Marder S, Kippelen B, Peyghambarian N. Ellipsometric determination of the electric-field-induced birefringence of photorefractive dyes in a liquid carbazole derivative. Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(99)00049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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