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Lucchetti M, Aina KO, Grandmougin L, Jäger C, Pérez Escriva P, Letellier E, Mosig AS, Wilmes P. An Organ-on-Chip Platform for Simulating Drug Metabolism Along the Gut-Liver Axis. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2303943. [PMID: 38452399 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The human microbiome significantly influences drug metabolism through the gut-liver axis, leading to modified drug responses and potential toxicity. Due to the complex nature of the human gut environment, the understanding of microbiome-driven impacts on these processes is limited. To address this, a multiorgan-on-a-chip (MOoC) platform that combines the human microbial-crosstalk (HuMiX) gut-on-chip (GoC) and the Dynamic42 liver-on-chip (LoC), mimicking the bidirectional interconnection between the gut and liver known as the gut-liver axis, is introduced. This platform supports the viability and functionality of intestinal and liver cells. In a proof-of-concept study, the metabolism of irinotecan, a widely used colorectal cancer drug, is imitated within the MOoC. Utilizing liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), irinotecan metabolites are tracked, confirming the platform's ability to represent drug metabolism along the gut-liver axis. Further, using the authors' gut-liver platform, it is shown that the colorectal cancer-associated gut bacterium, Escherichia coli, modifies irinotecan metabolism through the transformation of its inactive metabolite SN-38G into its toxic metabolite SN-38. This platform serves as a robust tool for investigating the intricate interplay between gut microbes and pharmaceuticals, offering a representative alternative to animal models and providing novel drug development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Lucchetti
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
| | | | - Léa Grandmougin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Christian Jäger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Pau Pérez Escriva
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Elisabeth Letellier
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Alexander S Mosig
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, D-07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, L-4362, Luxembourg
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Siwczak F, Cseresnyes Z, Hassan MIA, Aina KO, Carlstedt S, Sigmund A, Groger M, Surewaard BGJ, Werz O, Figge MT, Tuchscherr L, Loffler B, Mosig AS. Human macrophage polarization determines bacterial persistence of Staphylococcus aureus in a liver-on-chip-based infection model. Biomaterials 2022; 287:121632. [PMID: 35728409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Infections with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) have been reported from various organs ranging from asymptomatic colonization to severe infections and sepsis. Although considered an extracellular pathogen, S. aureus can invade and persist in professional phagocytes such as monocytes and macrophages. Its capability to persist and manipulate macrophages is considered a critical step to evade host antimicrobial reactions. We leveraged a recently established human liver-on-chip model to demonstrate that S. aureus specifically targets macrophages as essential niche facilitating bacterial persistence and phenotype switching to small colony variants (SCVs). In vitro, M2 polarization was found to favor SCV-formation and was associated with increased intracellular bacterial loads in macrophages, increased cell death, and impaired recruitment of circulating monocytes to sites of infection. These findings expand the knowledge about macrophage activation in the liver and its impact on bacterial persistence and dissemination in the course of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatina Siwczak
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Nonnenplan 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Zoltan Cseresnyes
- Applied Systems Biology Research Group, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 13, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Mohamed I Abdelwahab Hassan
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Nonnenplan 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Kehinde Oluwasegun Aina
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Nonnenplan 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Swen Carlstedt
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Nonnenplan 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Anke Sigmund
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Marko Groger
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Nonnenplan 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Bas G J Surewaard
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Marc Thilo Figge
- Applied Systems Biology Research Group, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 13, 07745, Jena, Germany; Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Lorena Tuchscherr
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Bettina Loffler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander S Mosig
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Nonnenplan 1, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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