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Haugh KA, Ladinsky MS, Ullah I, Stone HM, Pi R, Gilardet A, Grunst MW, Kumar P, Bjorkman PJ, Mothes W, Uchil PD. In vivo imaging of retrovirus infection reveals a role for Siglec-1/CD169 in multiple routes of transmission. eLife 2021; 10:64179. [PMID: 34223819 PMCID: PMC8298093 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early events in retrovirus transmission are determined by interactions between incoming viruses and frontline cells near entry sites. Despite their importance for retroviral pathogenesis, very little is known about these events. We developed a bioluminescence imaging (BLI)-guided multiscale imaging approach to study these events in vivo. Engineered murine leukemia reporter viruses allowed us to monitor individual stages of retrovirus life cycle including virus particle flow, virus entry into cells, infection and spread for retroorbital, subcutaneous, and oral routes. BLI permitted temporal tracking of orally administered retroviruses along the gastrointestinal tract as they traversed the lumen through Peyer’s patches to reach the draining mesenteric sac. Importantly, capture and acquisition of lymph-, blood-, and milk-borne retroviruses spanning three routes was promoted by a common host factor, the I-type lectin CD169, expressed on sentinel macrophages. These results highlight how retroviruses co-opt the immune surveillance function of tissue-resident sentinel macrophages for establishing infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Haugh
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Mark S Ladinsky
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Helen M Stone
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Ruoxi Pi
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Alexandre Gilardet
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Michael W Grunst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Pamela J Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Pradeep D Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
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Ventura JD, Beloor J, Allen E, Zhang T, Haugh KA, Uchil PD, Ochsenbauer C, Kieffer C, Kumar P, Hope TJ, Mothes W. Longitudinal bioluminescent imaging of HIV-1 infection during antiretroviral therapy and treatment interruption in humanized mice. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008161. [PMID: 31805155 PMCID: PMC6917343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive bioluminescent imaging (NIBLI) of HIV-1 infection dynamics allows for real-time monitoring of viral spread and the localization of infected cell populations in living animals. In this report, we describe full-length replication-competent GFP and Nanoluciferase (Nluc) expressing HIV-1 reporter viruses from two clinical transmitted / founder (T/F) strains: TRJO.c and Q23.BG505. By infecting humanized mice with these HIV-1 T/F reporter viruses, we were able to directly monitor longitudinal viral spread at whole-animal resolution via NIBLI at a sensitivity of as few as 30-50 infected cells. Bioluminescent signal strongly correlated with HIV-1 infection and responded proportionally to virus suppression in vivo in animals treated daily with a combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimen. Longitudinal NIBLI following cART withdrawal visualized tissue-sites that harbored virus during infection recrudescence. Notably, we observed rebounding infection in the same lymphoid tissues where infection was first observed prior to ART treatment. Our work demonstrates the utility of our system for studying in vivo viral infection dynamics and identifying infected tissue regions for subsequent analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. Ventura
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Jagadish Beloor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Edward Allen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Tongyu Zhang
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Kelsey A. Haugh
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Pradeep D. Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Collin Kieffer
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Hope
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
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Abstract
Viruses are causative agents for many diseases and infect all living organisms on the planet. Development of effective therapies has relied on our ability to isolate and culture viruses in vitro, allowing mechanistic studies and strategic interventions. While this reductionist approach is necessary, testing the relevance of in vitro findings often takes a very long time. New developments in imaging technologies are transforming our experimental approach where viral pathogenesis can be studied in vivo at multiple spatial and temporal resolutions. Here, we outline a vision of a top-down approach using noninvasive whole-body imaging as a guide for in-depth characterization of key tissues, physiologically relevant cell types, and pathways of spread to elucidate mechanisms of virus spread and pathogenesis. Tool development toward imaging of infectious diseases is expected to transform clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep D Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA; , , ,
| | - Kelsey A Haugh
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA; , , ,
| | - Ruoxi Pi
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA; , , ,
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA; , , ,
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Uchil PD, Pi R, Haugh KA, Ladinsky MS, Ventura JD, Barrett BS, Santiago ML, Bjorkman PJ, Kassiotis G, Sewald X, Mothes W. A Protective Role for the Lectin CD169/Siglec-1 against a Pathogenic Murine Retrovirus. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 25:87-100.e10. [PMID: 30595553 PMCID: PMC6331384 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Lymph- and blood-borne retroviruses exploit CD169/Siglec-1-mediated capture by subcapsular sinus and marginal zone metallophilic macrophages for trans-infection of permissive lymphocytes. However, the impact of CD169-mediated virus capture on retrovirus dissemination and pathogenesis in vivo is unknown. In a murine model of the splenomegaly-inducing retrovirus Friend virus complex (FVC) infection, we find that while CD169 promoted draining lymph node infection, it limited systemic spread to the spleen. At the spleen, CD169-expressing macrophages captured incoming blood-borne retroviruses and limited their spread to the erythroblasts in the red pulp where FVC manifests its pathogenesis. CD169-mediated retroviral capture activated conventional dendritic cells 1 (cDC1s) and promoted cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses, resulting in efficient clearing of FVC-infected cells. Accordingly, CD169 blockade led to higher viral loads and accelerated death in susceptible mouse strains. Thus, CD169 plays a protective role during FVC pathogenesis by reducing viral dissemination to erythroblasts and eliciting an effective cytotoxic T lymphocyte response via cDC1s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep D Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Ruoxi Pi
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kelsey A Haugh
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Mark S Ladinsky
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - John D Ventura
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Brad S Barrett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mario L Santiago
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Pamela J Bjorkman
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - George Kassiotis
- Retrovirus Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Xaver Sewald
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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Haugh KA, Pi R, Fontes B, Mothes W, Uchil PD. A Biocontainment Procedure for Intravital Microscopy of High-Risk Pathogens. Appl Biosaf 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1535676018785177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruoxi Pi
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Haugh KA, Shalginskikh N, Nogusa S, Skalka AM, Katz RA, Balachandran S. The interferon-inducible antiviral protein Daxx is not essential for interferon-mediated protection against avian sarcoma virus. Virol J 2014; 11:100. [PMID: 24884573 PMCID: PMC4049388 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The antiviral protein Daxx acts as a restriction factor of avian sarcoma virus (ASV; Retroviridae) in mammalian cells by promoting epigenetic silencing of integrated proviral DNA. Although Daxx is encoded by a type I (α/β) interferon-stimulated gene, the requirement for Daxx in the interferon anti-retroviral response has not been elucidated. In this report, we describe the results of experiments designed to investigate the role of Daxx in the type I interferon-induced anti-ASV response. Findings Using an ASV reporter system, we show that type I interferons are potent inhibitors of ASV replication. We demonstrate that, while Daxx is necessary to silence ASV gene expression in the absence of interferons, type I interferons are fully-capable of inducing an antiviral state in the absence of Daxx. Conclusions These results provide evidence that Daxx is not essential for the anti-ASV interferon response in mammalian cells, and that interferons deploy multiple, redundant antiviral mechanisms to protect cells from ASV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Richard A Katz
- Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Room 422 Reimann Building, 333 Cottman Ave,, 19111 Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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