1
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Yoshida K, Okiyama N, Igarashi T. Visualization of reflectance, transmittance, and application amount distribution of the cosmetic foundation layer on skin. Opt Express 2022; 30:10199-10216. [PMID: 35299429 DOI: 10.1364/oe.454416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We developed a method for visualization of makeup finishing with structured lighting. By analyzing images with a sequence of projection patterns, reflectance and transmittance of the cosmetic foundation (FD) layer were extracted as spatial maps using the difference between the light spread of bare skin and made-up skin. The spatial maps reflect conditions and distribution of applied FD under real situations. By calibrating the relationship between optical properties and the amount of FD applied, the application amount distribution was also estimated. Additionally, we proposed approximation formulae to estimate the above values without images of bare skin. These formulae provide good agreement with the original formula for reflectance.
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2
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Yoshida K, Okiyama N. Estimation of reflectance, transmittance, and absorbance of cosmetic foundation layer on skin using translucency of skin. Opt Express 2021; 29:40038-40050. [PMID: 34809354 DOI: 10.1364/oe.442219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We developed a method to estimate the reflectance, transmittance, and absorbance of a layer of cosmetic foundation (FD) applied to skin from the reflectance of bare skin and FD applied to skin under two measurement conditions using the translucency of skin. Conversely, using the relationship between the applied amount of FD and the reflectance of the FD layer, the applied amount could be estimated. These values could be measured stably regardless of the similarity of reflectance and color between bare skin and made-up skin. The measured values were taken from actual skin, which satisfies the condition of actual usage.
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3
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Abstract
Facial blood flow, which typically exhibits distinctive oscillation at a frequency of around 0.1 Hz, has been extensively studied. Although this oscillation may include important information about blood flow regulation, its origin remains unknown. The spatial phase distribution of the oscillation is thus desirable. Therefore, we visualized facial blood volume oscillation at a frequency of around 0.1 Hz using a digital camera imaging method with an improved approximation equation, which enabled precise analysis over a large area. We observed a slow spatial movement of the 0.1-Hz oscillation. The oscillation phase was not synchronized, but instead moved slowly. The phase velocity varies with person, measurement location, and time. An average phase velocity of 3.8 mm/s was obtained for several subjects. The results are consistent with previous studies; however, the conventional explanation that the blood flow at a certain point oscillates independently of adjacent areas should be corrected. If the primary origin of the movement is myogenic activity, the movement may ascend along a blood vessel toward the upstream. Otherwise, the oscillation and its propagation can be considered to be related to Mayer waves. By determining the mechanism, some questions regarding Mayer waves can be answered. The direction of the wave (upstream or downstream) provides important information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Izumi Nishidate
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Nomura T, Amano Y, Yoshida K, Fujii A, Tanahashi M, Sugiyama Y, Iwata K, Murase T. Relationships between transepidermal water loss, cutaneous microcirculatory function and autonomic nerve activity. J Dermatol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.02.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ohtsu A, Yoshino T, Falcone A, Garcia-Carbonero R, Argiles G, Sobrero AF, Peeters M, Makris L, Benedetti FM, Zaniboni A, Shimada Y, Yamazaki K, Komatsu Y, Hochster HS, Lenz HJ, Tran B, Yoshida K, Van Cutsem E, Mayer RJ. Onset of neutropenia as an indicator of treatment response in the phase 3 RECOURSE trial of trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) versus placebo in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.35.4_suppl.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
775 Background: TAS-102 is comprised of an antineoplastic thymidine-based nucleoside analog, trifluridine (FTD), and a thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor, tipiracil. Primary results of the RECOURSE trial demonstrated a significant improvement in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) with TAS-102 vs placebo (pbo) in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer refractory/intolerant to standard therapies. Neutropenia is a common TAS-102–associated adverse event and it has been hypothesized to be associated with a relatively high FTD concentration in pts. Methods: RECOURSE data were analyzed post hoc for correlations between onset of neutropenia (Grade 3/4) and survival benefit. Results: Of 533 pts given TAS-102, 75 (14%) developed Grade 3/4 neutropenia in treatment cycle 1, 86 (16%) for the first time in cycle 2, and 39 (7%) for the first time in cycle ≥3. Onset of neutropenia at any cycle was associated with longer median OS and PFS compared with no neutropenia. A consistent survival benefit was observed regardless of the cycle of initial onset of neutropenia, as demonstrated by the hazard ratio (against cycle-matched pbo control groups) and corresponding median OS differences (Table). Conclusions: An association between occurrence of earliest onset of Grade 3/4 neutropenia and survival benefit was observed. The data indicate that such survival benefit occurred regardless of whether the initial onset of neutropenia occurred after cycle 1, cycle 2, or later. Further analyses are required to fully determine whether FTD pharmacokinetics correlate with TAS-102 efficacy and onset of neutropenia, and whether cycle initiation delays affect response. Clinical trial information: NCT01607957. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ohtsu
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Guillem Argiles
- Vall d' Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kentaro Yamazaki
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Komatsu
- Department of Cancer Chemotherapy, Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | - Ben Tran
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Cleary JM, Rosen LS, Yoshida K, Rasco D, Shapiro GI, Sun W. A phase 1 study of the pharmacokinetics of nucleoside analog trifluridine and thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor tipiracil (components of TAS-102) vs trifluridine alone. Invest New Drugs 2017; 35:189-197. [PMID: 28111727 PMCID: PMC5352756 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-016-0409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Trifluridine, a thymidine-based chemotherapeutic, has limited bioavailability after clinical administration as it is rapidly degraded via thymidine phosphorylase. An oral combination tablet combines trifluridine with a potent thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor, tipiracil hydrochloride. This study’s objective was to evaluate whether trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) administration increases trifluridine exposure vs trifluridine alone. Methods This open-label pharmacokinetic study randomly assigned patients with advanced solid tumors into two groups. On the morning of day 1, one group received a single 35 mg/m2 dose of trifluridine/tipiracil and the other group received a single 35-mg/m2 dose of trifluridine. Both groups received trifluridine/tipiracil 35 mg/m2 on the evening of day 1, then twice daily on days 2–5 and 8–12 in a 28-day cycle. Results Twenty patients received an initial one-time dose of trifluridine alone and 19 other patients received an initial dose of trifluridine/tipiracil. Trifluridine area under the curve (AUC0-last) and maximum observed plasma concentrations (Cmax) were approximately 37- and 22-fold higher, respectively, with trifluridine/tipiracil vs trifluridine alone. Plasma concentrations of the major metabolite of trifluridine were lower following the administration of trifluridine/tipiracil vs trifluridine alone. Conclusion Tipiracil administered in combination with trifluridine significantly increased exposure to trifluridine compared with trifluridine alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Cleary
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Lee S Rosen
- University of California, Los Angeles, 2020 Santa Monica Blvd., Ste. 600, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Kenichiro Yoshida
- Taiho Oncology, Inc., 101 Carnegie Center, Suite 101, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Drew Rasco
- South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, 4319 Medical Dr., Ste. 205, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Geoffrey I Shapiro
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Weijing Sun
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute/UPMC, 5150 Centre Avenue, Fifth Floor, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA.
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7
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Becerra CR, Yoshida K, Mizuguchi H, Patel M, Von Hoff D. A Phase 1, Open-Label, Randomized, Crossover Study Evaluating the Bioavailability of TAS-102 (Trifluridine/Tipiracil) Tablets Relative to an Oral Solution Containing Equivalent Amounts of Trifluridine and Tipiracil. J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 57:751-759. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manish Patel
- Florida Cancer Specialists/Sarah Cannon Research Institute; Sarasota Fl, USA
| | - Daniel Von Hoff
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute and HonorHealth; Scottsdale Az, USA
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Ohtsu A, Yoshino T, Falcone A, Garcia-Carbonero R, Argiles G, Sobrero AF, Peeters M, Makris L, Benedetti F, Zaniboni A, Shimada Y, Yamazaki K, Komatsu Y, Hochster HS, Lenz HJ, Tran B, Wahba M, Yoshida K, Van Cutsem E, Mayer RJ. Onset of neutropenia as an indicator of treatment response in the phase III RECOURSE trial of TAS-102 vs placebo in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.34.15_suppl.3556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ohtsu
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kentaro Yamazaki
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Japan, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Howard S. Hochster
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Ben Tran
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Bendell JC, Patel MR, Yoshida K, Seraj J, Weaver R, Lemech C, Todaro TG, Pant S, Arkenau HT. Phase 1 study of cardiac safety of TAS-102 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 77:1275-83. [PMID: 27151157 PMCID: PMC4882359 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose TAS-102 is a novel oral agent combining the antineoplastic thymidine-based nucleoside analogue, trifluridine, and the thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor, tipiracil (molar ratio 1:0.5). TAS-102 has shown good activity in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer with acceptable safety. No QT prolongation was seen in clinical studies. This study aimed to investigate TAS-102 cardiac safety for regulatory requirements. Methods This was a phase 1, non-randomized study in adults with advanced solid tumors. Intensive QT assessments were conducted at baseline, placebo, and following single and multiple doses of TAS-102 during a 28-day cycle. Results Following single- and multiple-dose administration (N = 30), the upper bounds of the one-sided 95 % confidence intervals for the difference between TAS-102 and placebo in time-matched baseline-subtracted 12-lead Holter QT intervals did not exceed 20 ms at any prespecified time point. One patient had a change from baseline in QTcI interval ≥60 ms, and one patient had a QTcI interval >500 ms following multiple-dose TAS-102 administration. No patient had an uncorrected QT, QTcF, or QTcB interval >500 ms. Based on the exposure-response analysis between TAS-102 plasma concentrations and the placebo-adjusted QTc intervals, none of the upper bounds of the one-sided 95 % prediction intervals exceeded 20 ms. There were no significant morphological changes for T or U waves. No cardiovascular AEs were reported in cycle 1. Across all cycles, no patient experienced an AE of ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, syncope, or seizure. Conclusions There was no clinically relevant relationship between TAS-102 plasma concentrations and QTc interval; TAS-102 had no clinically relevant effects on cardiac repolarization. Clinical trials ClinicalTrials.gov study number: NCT01867879.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C Bendell
- GI Oncology Research, Drug Development Unit, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, 250 25th Avenue N, Suite 100, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA.
| | - Manish R Patel
- Florida Cancer Specialists, 600 N Cattlemen Rd, Suite 200, Sarasota, FL, 34232, USA
| | - Kenichiro Yoshida
- Taiho Oncology Inc, 101 Carnegie Center, Suite 101, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Jabed Seraj
- Taiho Oncology Inc, 101 Carnegie Center, Suite 101, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Racquel Weaver
- Taiho Oncology Inc, 101 Carnegie Center, Suite 101, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Charlotte Lemech
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute UK, 93 Harley Street, London, W1G 6AD, UK
| | | | - Shubham Pant
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, Science Center, 800 NE 10th Street, Suite 2500, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
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10
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Sun W, Rosen LS, Rasco DW, Yoshida K, Seraj J, Shapiro G, Cleary JM. An open-label, randomized, parallel-group study of the pharmacokinetics of trifluridine as a component of TAS-102 versus FTD alone. J Clin Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.34.4_suppl.751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
751 Background: TAS-102 is a novel oral combination therapy of FTD plus tipiracil hydrochloride (TPI) with FTD:TPI molar and weight ratios of 1:0.5 and 1:0.471, respectively. FTD is a thymidine-based nucleoside analog that has shown antitumor effects in preclinical and clinical studies. TPI stabilizes orally administered FTD by inhibiting thymidine phosphorylase and TAS-102 has shown efficacy in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. The objective of this study was to show that TPI, administered with FTD as TAS-102, increases exposure to FTD in patients with advanced solid tumors. Methods: This is a Phase 1, randomized, open-label, pharmacokinetic study of TAS-102 in patients with advanced solid tumors. On the morning of Day 1, one group received TAS-102 35 mg/m2 and the other group received FTD 35 mg/m2. Both groups received TAS-102 35 mg/m2 on the evening of Day 1, then twice daily on Days 2-5 and 8-12 in a 28-day cycle. Blood samples were collected to evaluate FTD AUC0-last and Cmax (primary endpoints). Results: Overall, 44 patients (50% male, mean age 57 years) were treated. After a single dose, the ratio of the geometric mean of FTD AUC0-last and Cmax were 38- and 22-fold higher, respectively (Table) following TAS-102 vs FTD alone. After multiple doses (Day 12 in Cycles 1, 2, or 3), FTD AUC and Cmax were ~3- and 2-fold higher, respectively, than after a single dose of TAS-102 (Day 1). For TPI, AUC and Cmax were similar after single and multiple doses of TAS-102. After Cycle 1, FTD did not accumulate with successive cycles of TAS-102 treatment. The most commonly reported treatment-related adverse events were nausea (47.7%), fatigue (31.8%), and anemia (27.3%), with Grade 3-4 events at 4.5%, 2.3%, and 18.2%, respectively. Grade ≥ 3 decreases in neutrophil counts were observed in 42.9% of the TAS-102 group. Conclusions: TPI, in combination with FTD, substantially increased exposure to FTD vs FTD alone. Clinical trial information: NCT01867866. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lee S. Rosen
- Division of Hematoogy/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Santa Monica, CA
| | - Drew W. Rasco
- South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX
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11
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Lee JJ, Seraj J, Yoshida K, Mizuguchi H, Strychor S, Fiejdasz J, Faulkner T, Parise RA, Fawcett P, Pollice L, Mason S, Hague J, Croft M, Nugteren J, Tedder C, Sun W, Chu E, Beumer JH. Human mass balance study of TAS-102 using (14)C analyzed by accelerator mass spectrometry. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 77:515-26. [PMID: 26787503 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-2965-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TAS-102 is an oral fluoropyrimidine prodrug composed of trifluridine (FTD) and tipiracil hydrochloride (TPI) in a 1:0.5 ratio. FTD is a thymidine analog, and it is degraded by thymidine phosphorylase (TP) to the inactive trifluoromethyluracil (FTY) metabolite. TPI inhibits degradation of FTD by TP, increasing systemic exposure to FTD. METHODS Patients with advanced solid tumors (6 M/2 F; median age 58 years; PS 0-1) were enrolled on this study. Patients in group A (N = 4) received 60 mg TAS-102 with 200 nCi [(14)C]-FTD, while patients in group B (N = 4) received 60 mg TAS-102 with 1000 nCi [(14)C]-TPI orally. Plasma, blood, urine, feces, and expired air (group A only) were collected up to 168 h and were analyzed for (14)C by accelerator mass spectrometry and analytes by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS FTD: 59.8% of the (14)C dose was recovered: 54.8% in urine mostly as FTY and FTD glucuronide isomers. The extractable radioactivity in the pooled plasma consisted of 52.7% FTD and 33.2% FTY. TPI: 76.8% of the (14)C dose was recovered: 27.0% in urine mostly as TPI and 49.7% in feces. The extractable radioactivity in the pooled plasma consisted of 53.1% TPI and 30.9% 6-HMU, the major metabolite of TPI. CONCLUSION Absorbed (14)C-FTD was metabolized and mostly excreted in urine. The majority of (14)C-TPI was recovered in feces, and the majority of absorbed TPI was excreted in urine. The current data with the ongoing hepatic and renal dysfunction studies will provide an enhanced understanding of the TAS-102 elimination profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Lee
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Research Pavilion, Suite G27E, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Strychor
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Research Pavilion, Suite G27E, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jillian Fiejdasz
- Clinical Research Services, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tyeler Faulkner
- Clinical Research Services, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert A Parise
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Research Pavilion, Suite G27E, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Patrick Fawcett
- Clinical Research Services, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laura Pollice
- Clinical Research Services, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Scott Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Weijing Sun
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Research Pavilion, Suite G27E, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edward Chu
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Research Pavilion, Suite G27E, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jan Hendrik Beumer
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Research Pavilion, Suite G27E, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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12
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Lee JJ, Seraj J, Yoshida K, Narurkar M, Mizuguchi H, Strychor S, Fiejdasz J, Faulkner T, Pollice L, Mason S, Sun W, Chu E, Croft M, Nguteren J, Tedder C, Beumer JH. Mass balance study of TAS-102 using 14C labeling analyzed by accelerator mass spectrometry. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jillian Fiejdasz
- UPCI - Clinical and Translational Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Tyeler Faulkner
- UPCI - Clinical and Translational Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Scott Mason
- University of Pittsburgh - Health Science Schools, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Edward Chu
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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13
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Yoshida K, Nishidate I. Rapid calculation of diffuse reflectance from a multilayered model by combination of the white Monte Carlo and adding-doubling methods. Biomed Opt Express 2014; 5:3901-20. [PMID: 25426319 PMCID: PMC4242026 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.003901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
To rapidly derive a result for diffuse reflectance from a multilayered model that is equivalent to that of a Monte-Carlo simulation (MCS), we propose a combination of a layered white MCS and the adding-doubling method. For slabs with various scattering coefficients assuming a certain anisotropy factor and without absorption, we calculate the transition matrices for light flow with respect to the incident and exit angles. From this series of precalculated transition matrices, we can calculate the transition matrices for the multilayered model with the specific anisotropy factor. The relative errors of the results of this method compared to a conventional MCS were less than 1%. We successfully used this method to estimate the chromophore concentration from the reflectance spectrum of a numerical model of skin and in vivo human skin tissue.
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14
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Yamamiya I, Yoshisue K, Ishii Y, Yamada H, Yoshida KI. Species variation in the enantioselective metabolism of tegafur to 5-fluorouracil among rats, dogs and monkeys. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:1686-97. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Tegafur (FT), a pro-drug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is a racemate consisting of two enantiomers, R and S-FT. The aim of this study was to clarify interspecies variation in the enantioselective metabolism of FT.
Methods
Plasma concentrations of FT enantiomers were determined in rats, dogs and monkeys following intravenous and oral dosing of the racemate (5 mg/kg). In addition, the enzymatic conversion of FT enantiomers to 5-FU was assayed using hepatic preparations.
Key findings
Metabolic clearance of R-FT was higher than that of S-FT in rats and monkeys, but S-FT was the preferential substrate for dogs. An inhibition study revealed that cytochrome P450 is primarily responsible for the enantioselective metabolism of FT in rats and dogs. In contrast, in monkeys, thymidine phosphorylase was a determinant of the enantioselectivity in FT metabolism. Although oral bioavailability was not enantioselective, in-vitro and in-vivo kinetic studies suggested that the enantioselectivity in the hepatic intrinsic clearance of FT directly influences the body clearance in all animal species examined.
Conclusions
The interspecies variations were observed in the enantioselective pharmacokinetics of FT, and the in-vivo enantioselectivity could be extrapolated from the in-vitro metabolic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Yamamiya
- Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Yoshisue
- Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Yoshida
- Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
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15
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Yoshida K, Nishidate I, Ojima N, Iwata K. Reduction of shading-derived artifacts in skin chromophore imaging without measurements or assumptions about the shape of the subject. J Biomed Opt 2014; 19:16009. [PMID: 24407502 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.1.016009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To quantitatively evaluate skin chromophores over a wide region of curved skin surface, we propose an approach that suppresses the effect of the shading-derived error in the reflectance on the estimation of chromophore concentrations, without sacrificing the accuracy of that estimation. In our method, we use multiple regression analysis, assuming the absorbance spectrum as the response variable and the extinction coefficients of melanin, oxygenated hemoglobin, and deoxygenated hemoglobin as the predictor variables. The concentrations of melanin and total hemoglobin are determined from the multiple regression coefficients using compensation formulae (CF) based on the diffuse reflectance spectra derived from a Monte Carlo simulation. To suppress the shading-derived error, we investigated three different combinations of multiple regression coefficients for the CF. In vivo measurements with the forearm skin demonstrated that the proposed approach can reduce the estimation errors that are due to shading-derived errors in the reflectance. With the best combination of multiple regression coefficients, we estimated that the ratio of the error to the chromophore concentrations is about 10%. The proposed method does not require any measurements or assumptions about the shape of the subjects; this is an advantage over other studies related to the reduction of shading-derived errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Yoshida
- Kao Corporation, Beauty Research Center, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan
| | - Izumi Nishidate
- Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology, Graduate School of Bio-applications & Systems Engineering, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Ojima
- Kao Corporation, Beauty Research Center, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan
| | - Kayoko Iwata
- Kao Corporation, Beauty Research Center, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan
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Yoshida K, Ohkubo K, Ojima N, Iwata K. Application of the critical angle method to refractive index measurement of human skin in vivo under partial contact. J Biomed Opt 2013; 18:037002. [PMID: 23455964 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.3.037002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We adapted the critical angle method for measuring rough surfaces under partial contact to acquire an in vivo skin refractive index (RI). Assuming that the total reflection is the simple sum of reflection from areas that are in contact and reflection from those that are not in contact, the RI can be estimated even for partial contact with a rough surface. We found that cheek skin is sufficiently soft that a sufficiently large area can be in contact and that the critical angle was detectable. The RIs of the cheeks of adult females were measured. The RI range was about 1.51 to 1.53, at a wavelength of 550 nm, without considering systematic errors. The RIs of cheeks are significantly correlated with their conductance, which corresponds to their water content. We determined the relationship between the RI and conductance within the variation of skin under normal conditions; this relationship was theoretically obtained in previous studies. In the present study, a direct in vivo measurement method was developed that enabled us to measure the RI in daily life, although this method contains errors for several reasons, including disregarding absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Yoshida
- Beauty Research Center, Kao Corporation, Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Yoshida K, Komeda N, Ojima N, Iwata K. Simple and effective method for measuring translucency using edge loss: optimization of measurement conditions and applications for skin. J Biomed Opt 2011; 16:117003. [PMID: 22112135 DOI: 10.1117/1.3646208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a simple and effective method for everyday measurement of translucency with a handy spectral reflectometer using edge loss. Edge loss can be used to quantify the translucency index in terms of changes in reflectance under two types of measurement conditions. Here, a measurement condition represents the pairing of an illumination area and a measurement area. As a measure of the degree of lateral spread of reflected light, the translucency index can influence the appearance of human skin because this index represents eventual translucency. First, we estimated how edge loss changes when measurement conditions are varied. We then selected the combination of two measurement conditions of large and small edge loss to minimize errors. Finally, we estimated actual skin translucency changes before and after treatments comprising acetone-ether immersion and ultraviolet irradiation. The results were qualitatively consistent with the expectations under variations in absorbance and scattering capacity, indicating the effectiveness of this method in evaluating translucency. This method allows simultaneous measurement of translucency and reflectance as a spectrum, and also appears applicable for daily use, although common optical parameters cannot be derived using this method alone.
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Ajioka H, Morita F, Akizawa Y, Yoshida K, Kitamura R, Takimoto H. [Pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, and clinical profile of palonosetron hydrochloride (ALOXI I.V. Injection 0.75 mg), a novel antiemetic 5-HT3-receptor antagonist]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2010; 136:113-120. [PMID: 20702972 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.136.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Kitajima K, Kaji Y, Fukabori Y, Yoshida KI, Suganuma N, Sugimura K. Prostate cancer detection with 3 T MRI: comparison of diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in combination with T2-weighted imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 31:625-31. [PMID: 20187206 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the diagnostic ability of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging (DCEI) in combination with T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) for the detection of prostate cancer using 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a phased-array body coil. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-three patients with elevated serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were evaluated by T2WI, DWI, and DCEI prior to needle biopsy. The obtained data from T2WI alone (protocol A), a combination of T2WI and DWI (protocol B), a combination T2WI and DCEI (protocol C), and a combination of T2WI plus DWI and DCEI (protocol D) were subjected to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the ROC curve (Az) for region-based analysis were: 61%, 91%, 84%, and 0.8415, respectively, in protocol A; 76%, 94%, 90%, and 0.8931, respectively, in protocol B; 77%, 93%, 89%, and 0.8655, respectively, in protocol C; and 81%, 96%, 92%, and 0.8968, respectively in protocol D. ROC analysis revealed significant differences between protocols A and B (P = 0.0008) and between protocols A and D (P = 0.0004). CONCLUSION In patients with elevated PSA levels the combination of T2WI, DWI, DCEI using 3 T MRI may be a reasonable approach for the detection of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kitajima
- Department of Radiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
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Yamada S, Ito Y, Taki Y, Seki M, Nanri M, Yamashita F, Morishita K, Komoto I, Yoshida KI. The N-oxide metabolite contributes to bladder selectivity resulting from oral propiverine: muscarinic receptor binding and pharmacokinetics. Drug Metab Dispos 2010; 38:1314-21. [PMID: 20483954 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.033233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized contribution of N-oxide metabolites [1-methyl-4-piperidyl diphenylpropoxyacetate N-oxide (M-1) and 1-methyl-4-piperidyl benzilate N-oxide (M-2)] to the binding of muscarinic receptors in relation to the pharmacokinetics of propiverine in rats. The in vitro muscarinic receptor binding activity of M-2 was equipotent to that of propiverine, whereas M-1 was much less active. After the oral administration of propiverine (24.8-248 micromol/kg), there was relatively selective and longer-lasting binding of muscarinic receptors in the rat bladder compared with the submaxillary gland as shown by a significant increase in the apparent dissociation constant (K(d)) for specific binding of [N-methyl-(3)H]scopolamine ([(3)H]NMS). In addition, the intravesical instillation of M-2 produced a significant increase in K(d) for specific [(3)H]NMS binding in the rat bladder. Extremely high concentrations of M-1 and M-2 were detected in plasma after the oral administration of propiverine. The concentration of unbound M-2 was much higher than that of M-1 and propiverine in the rat plasma. The sum of maximal plasma unbound propiverine equivalents (C(max)) after the oral administration of propiverine at doses of 24.8, 74.3, and 248 micromol/kg was 66.0, 303, and 509 nM, respectively. The sum of corresponding area under the time-concentration curve from 0 to 12 h was 194, 2123, and 4645 nM . h, respectively. In fact, the unbound concentration of M-2 comprised more than 90% of sum of unbound propiverine equivalents in the plasma. After oral treatment with propiverine, the bladder showed the highest concentration of M-2, indicating specific distribution of this metabolite into the target organ. Thus, M-2 may contribute greatly to the relatively selective and long-lasting occupation of bladder muscarinic receptors after oral administration of propiverine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuo Yamada
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics and Global Center of Excellence (COE) Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan.
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Ito Y, Kato A, Fujino Oki T, Okura T, Yoshida K, Nanri M, Yamada S. Muscarinic Receptor Binding and Plasma Drug Concentration after the Oral Administration of Propiverine in Mice. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2010; 2:43-9. [PMID: 26676219 DOI: 10.1111/j.1757-5672.2010.00060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study was undertaken to characterize the binding of propiverine to muscarinic receptors in mouse tissues by measuring plasma concentrations of the drug and its metabolite. METHODS At 0.5-24 h after the oral administration of propiverine at pharmacologically relevant doses, muscarinic receptors in tissue homogenates were measured by a radioligand binding assay using [N-methyl- (3) H]scopolamine (NMS), along with the drug's concentration in plasma by the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method. RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, propiverine and its metabolite 1-methy-4-piperidyl benzilate N-oxide competed with [(3) H]NMS for binding sites in the bladder, submaxillary gland and heart of mice in a concentration-dependent manner. After the oral administration of propiverine, dose- and time-dependent increases in the dissociation constant for specific [(3) H]NMS binding were observed in the bladder and other tissues of mice, indicating that orally administered propiverine and/or its metabolite undergo significant binding to muscarinic receptors in mouse tissues. A longer-lasting binding of muscarinic receptor was seen in the bladder than in the submaxillary gland at relatively low doses of propiverine. Furthermore, the decrease in maximal number of binding sites values for [(3) H]NMS binding was more remarkable in the bladder than submaxillary gland of propiverine treated mice. There was a dose-dependent rise in the plasma concentrations of propiverine and 1-methy-4-piperidyl benzilate N-oxide in mice after the oral administration of propiverine. CONCLUSION The oral administration of propiverine exerts a more prominent and longer-lasting effect in the bladder than in the submaxillary gland of mice. The N-oxide metabolite may contribute significantly to the blockade of muscarinic receptors caused by oral propiverine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Ito
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics and Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, JapanTokushima Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Aya Kato
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics and Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, JapanTokushima Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomomi Fujino Oki
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics and Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, JapanTokushima Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Okura
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics and Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, JapanTokushima Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Yoshida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics and Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, JapanTokushima Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masato Nanri
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics and Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, JapanTokushima Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shizuo Yamada
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics and Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, JapanTokushima Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
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Furuya N, Kamai T, Tokui N, Abe H, Fukabori Y, Yoshida KI. [Interferon alpha and half-dose sorafenib is an effective treatment modality for interferon alpha-resistant metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a case report]. Hinyokika Kiyo 2009; 55:323-326. [PMID: 19588863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma is notoriously resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Immunotherapy with interferon alpha is widely used for the disease, but its treatment effects are poor. A 69-year-old Japanese women presented with gross hematuria. Imaging studies revealed a left renal tumor, 12 cm in diameter, and multiple pulmonary and hepatic lesions. No abnormal laboratory data were observed other than anemia with Hb 9.2 g/dl. Performance status was 0. She underwent radial left nepherectomy. Pathological examination showed clear cell renal cell carcinoma with moderate histological differentiation (grade 2) and microscopic vessel invasion; pT3aN0M1 (Pul, Hep). Memorial Sloon-Kettering Cancer Center classification was an intermediate risk due to anemia. She received interferon alpha, 5 million IU three times per week, postoperatively. In three months, hepatic lesions rapidly progressed although there was no interval change of pulmonary lesions. Then, the patient received interferon alpha at the same dose as described above and half-dose sorafenib, 400 mg per day. Grade 2 hypertension was under control by calcium channel blocker and the hand-foot syndrome was not obvious. No other grade 3/4 drug-related adverse events were observed. In one month after combination therapy, not only pulmonary lesions but also hepatic lesions were smaller. She has received this combination therapy with stable disease for six months. Performance status was 1 with grade 1 fatigue. The doses of this regimen may be tolerable, and might be an available treatment option for interferon alpha-resistant advanced renal cancer.
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Abstract
Neuromodulation has been reported to be effective for the treatment of stress and urgency urinary incontinence. The cure and improvement rates of pelvic floor neuromodulation in urinary incontinence are 30-50% and 60-90%, respectively. In clinical practice, vaginal, anal and surface electrodes are used for external, short-term stimulation, and sacral nerve stimulation for internal, chronic (long-term) stimulation. The effectiveness of neuromodulation has been verified in a randomized, placebo-controlled study. However, the superiority to other conservative treatments, such as pelvic floor muscle training has not been confirmed. A long-term effect has also been reported. In conclusion, pelvic floor exercise with adjunctive neuromodulation is the mainstay of conservative management for the treatment of stress incontinence. For urgency and mixed stress plus urgency incontinence, neuromodulation may therefore be the treatment of choice as an alternative to drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Yamanishi
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.
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Abe H, Kamai T, Shirataki H, Oyama T, Arai K, Yoshida KI. High expression of Ran GTPase is associated with local invasion and metastasis of human clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2008; 122:2391-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Uchida S, Kurosawa S, Fujino Oki T, Kato Y, Nanri M, Yoshida K, Yamada S. Binding activities by propiverine and its N-oxide metabolites of L-type calcium channel antagonist receptors in the rat bladder and brain. Life Sci 2007; 80:2454-60. [PMID: 17512953 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Revised: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to characterize the binding activities of propiverine and its N-oxide metabolites (1-methyl-4-piperidyl diphenylpropoxyacetate N-oxide: P-4(N-->O), 1-methyl-4-piperidyl benzilate N-oxide: DPr-P-4(N-->O)) toward L-type calcium channel antagonist receptors in the rat bladder and brain. Propiverine and P-4(N-->O) inhibited specific (+)-[(3)H]PN 200-110 binding in the rat bladder in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with that for propiverine, the K(i) value for P-4(N-->O) in the bladder was significantly greater. Scatchard analysis has revealed that propiverine increased significantly K(d) values for bladder (+)-[(3)H]PN 200-110 binding. DPr-P-4(N-->O) had little inhibitory effects on the bladder (+)-[(3)H]PN 200-110 binding. Oxybutynin and N-desethyl-oxybutynin (DEOB) also inhibited specific (+)-[(3)H]PN 200-110 binding in the rat bladder. Propiverine, oxybutynin and their metabolites inhibited specific [N-methyl-(3)H]scopolamine methyl chloride ([(3)H]NMS) binding in the rat bladder. The ratios of K(i) values for (+)-[(3)H]PN 200-110 to [(3)H]NMS were markedly smaller for propiverine and P-4(N-->O) than oxybutynin and DEOB. Propiverine and P-4(N-->O) inhibited specific binding of (+)-[(3)H]PN 200-110, [(3)H]diltiazem and [(3)H]verapamil in the rat cerebral cortex in a concentration-dependent manner. The K(i) values of propiverine and P-4(N-->O) for [(3)H]diltiazem were significantly smaller than those for (+)-[(3)H]PN 200-110 and [(3)H]verapamil. Further, their K(i) values for [(3)H]verapamil were significantly smaller than those for (+)-[(3)H]PN 200-110. The K(i) values of propiverine for each radioligand in the cerebral cortex were significantly (P<0.05) smaller than those of P-4(N-->O). In conclusion, the present study has shown that propiverine and P-4(N-->O) exert a significant binding activity of L-type calcium channel antagonist receptors in the bladder and these effects may be pharmacologically relevant in the treatment of overactive bladder after oral administration of propiverine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Uchida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics and Center of Excellence Program in the 21st Century, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka Taiho Pharmaceutical Co LTD, Japan
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Yamanishi T, Kamai T, Sakakibara R, Uchiyama T, Yamamoto T, Ito T, Yoshida KI. Which β-Adrenoceptor Subtypes are Important in the Treatment of Overactive Bladder? CDTH 2007. [DOI: 10.2174/157488507779422329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Fukabori Y, Yoshida KI. [Eugonadotropic germinal cell failure (idiopathic germinal cell failure)]. Nihon Rinsho 2006; Suppl 2:253-6. [PMID: 16817396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
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Yamaya H, Saeki M, Yoshida KI, Shibata J, Yano S, Sato Y, Takao A, Shindo T, Buzdar AU, Nagayama S. Distribution of (7alpha)-21-[4-[(diethylamino) methyl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]-7-methyl-19-norpregna-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol-20-[14C]2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate ([14C]TAS-108) and its metabolites after single oral administration to rats bearing 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene-induced mammary tumor. Drug Metab Dispos 2005; 34:331-8. [PMID: 16299166 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.105.005504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(7Alpha)-21-[4-[(diethylamino)methyl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]-7-methyl-19-norpregna-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate (TAS-108) is a novel steroidal antiestrogen, modulating the differential recruitment of transcriptional cofactors by liganded estrogen receptors and representing a promising agent for the treatment of breast cancer. To understand better the relationships between the drug exposure and the efficacy or toxicity of TAS-108, we investigated the metabolism and distribution of TAS-108 after oral administration of [14C]TAS-108 to rats bearing a 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene-induced mammary carcinoma. The metabolites (7alpha)-21-[4-[(ethylamino)methyl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]-7-methyl-19-norpregna-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol (deEt-TAS-108), (7alpha)-21-[4-[(diethylamino)methyl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]-7-methyl-19-norpregna-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol-N-oxide (TAS-108-N-oxide), and 3-methoxy-4-[(7alpha)-7-methyl-19-norpregna-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol-21-yl]oxybenzoic acid (TAS-108-COOH) were identified as the major metabolites in the plasma, and in addition, (7alpha)-21-[4-[(ethylamino)methyl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]-3-methoxy-7-methyl-19-norpregna-1,3,5(10)-triene (O-Me-deEt-TAS-108) was identified as a novel metabolite in this study. The time-concentration profiles of TAS-108 and its metabolites in the plasma were compared with those in the tumor and uterus of the rats. Radioactivity was found at a high level in various organs including lung, liver, spleen, ovary, and many glands at 12 h and was relatively higher in tumor tissue than in plasma. On the other hand, the levels of radioactivity in the brain and eyeball were very low or not detectable. TAS-108, deEt-TAS-108, and O-Me-deEt-TAS-108 were extensively distributed in the rat tissues and the tumor, with corresponding tissue/plasma ratios for Cmax and area under the curve in the range of 7 to 100. In contrast, TAS-108-COOH and TAS-108-N-oxide were hardly distributed to the tissues and thus may not contribute to the efficacy or toxicity of TAS-108. Thus, TAS-108, deEt-TAS-108, and O-Me-deEt-TAS-108, being distributed highly in tumor tissue, may be more important for the efficacy and toxicity of TAS-108 in vivo than TAS-108-COOH and TAS-108-N-oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Yamaya
- Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratory, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 224-2 Hiraishi, Ebisuno, Kawauchicho, Tokushima 771-0194, Japan.
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Yamanishi T, Yasuda K, Kamai T, Tsujii T, Sakakibara R, Uchiyama T, Yoshida KI. Combination of a cholinergic drug and an alpha-blocker is more effective than monotherapy for the treatment of voiding difficulty in patients with underactive detrusor. Int J Urol 2004; 11:88-96. [PMID: 14706012 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2004.00753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of a cholinergic drug, an alpha-blocker and combinations of the two for the treatment of underactive detrusor. METHODS One hundred and nineteen patients with underactive bladder were assigned to three groups: the cholinergic group, consisting of 40 patients taking bethanechol chloride (60 mg/day) or distigmine bromide (15 mg/day); the alpha-blocker group, consisting of 38 patients taking urapidil (60 mg/day); and the combination group, consisting of 41 patients taking both a cholinergic drug and an alpha-blocker. The effectiveness of each therapy was assessed 4 weeks after initialization of the therapy. RESULTS Total urinary symptom scores (International Prostate Symptom Score, IPSS) remained unchanged after the cholinergic therapy, but were significantly lower after the alpha-blocker treatment (P = 0.0001) and the combination therapy (P = 0.0001). With regard to the total IPSS, there were significant differences between the cholinergic and the alpha-blocker groups (P = 0.0008), and also between the cholinergic and combination groups (P = 0.0033), in favor of the latter. The average and maximum flow rates did not increase significantly after monotherapy with either the cholinergic drug or the alpha-blocker, but they significantly increased after combination therapy compared to baseline values (P = 0.0033 and P= 0.0004, respectively). Postvoid residual volume did not decrease significantly after the cholinergic drug therapy, but decreased significantly after the alpha-blocker (P = 0.0043) and the combination therapies (P = 0.0008). The percentage of residual urine decreased significantly after therapy in all groups (P = 0.0005, P= 0.0176 and P= 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSION Combination therapy with a cholinergic drug and an alpha-blocker appears to be more useful than monotherapy for the treatment of underactive detrusor.
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Komoto I, Yoshida KI, Matsushima E, Yamashita K, Aikawa T, Akashi S. Validation of a simple liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of propiverine hydrochloride and its N-oxide metabolite in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 799:141-7. [PMID: 14659446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A simple high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-tandem mass spectrometric method has been developed for determination of propiverine hydrochloride and its metabolite, propiverine N-oxide (M-1) in human plasma using stable isotopes, propiverine hydrochloride-d10 and M-1-d10, as internal standards. The analytes were extracted with dichloromethane from 0.2 ml of plasma in neutral condition (pH 7.0) and separated by HPLC on a C18 reversed-phase column using methanol-1% acetic acid (50:50) as a mobile phase, and detected using positive electrospray ionization in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. The method was validated over a concentration range of 2-500 ng/ml for propiverine hydrochloride and 4-1000 ng/ml for M-1 using 0.2 ml of human plasma per assay. The method developed was successfully applied to analysis of propiverine hydrochloride and M-1 in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikumi Komoto
- Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratory, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 224-2, Ebisuno, Hiraishi, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0194, Japan.
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Nakanishi K, Kamai T, Tatsumiya K, Kambara T, Tsuji T, Honda M, Yoshida KI. [Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma: a case report]. Hinyokika Kiyo 2003; 49:333-5. [PMID: 12894731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
A 67-year-old male presented for examination of a retroperitoneal tumor, incidentally found by abdominal computed tomography (CT). CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a round heterogeneous tumor, 10 cm in diameter, at the left renal hilus and involving the left renal vein. The tumor was low-intensity on T1-weighted MRI imaging, and high-intensity on T2-weight MRI imaging. The tumor was easily resected via a transabdominal approach. The pathological diagnosis was ganglioneuroma.
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Masuda A, Tsujii T, Kojima M, Sakamoto SI, Moriguchi H, Honda M, Yoshida KI. Primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma arising from the male urethra. A case report and review of the literature. Pathol Res Pract 2003; 198:571-5. [PMID: 12390001 DOI: 10.1078/0344-0338-00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphomas rarely arise from the lower urinary tract, the urethra being the most uncommon site of origin. Herein, we report the immunohistochemical findings of a case of primary marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) arising from the male urethra. To clarify the clinicopathological findings of primary urethral lymphoma, we reviewed 14 previously reported cases. A 56-year-old man presented with gross hematuria. Cystourethroscopy demonstrated a nodular bulge of the urethral wall. Histologically, a transurethral biopsy specimen showed a dense lymphoplasmacytoid infiltrate in the urethral mucosa. The tumor cells were composed of centrocyte-like cells, plasma cells and plasmacytoid cells. A few plasma cells contained intracytoplasmic pseudoinclusions (Dutcher bodies). Immunohistochemical study revealed monotypic intracytoplasmic kappa-light chain in the plasma cells and plasmacytoid cells. The patient received a total of 50 Gy extrabeam irradiation. Follow-up 21 months later did not disclose any sign of local or other recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Masuda
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
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Tsujii T, Kambara T, Shimizu K, Tsubaki M, Kamai T, Abe H, Umeda H, Honma K, Yoshida KI. Adenocarcinoma with extensive neuroendocrine differentiation arising in an ileal diverticulum: report of a case. Surg Today 2002; 32:439-42. [PMID: 12061697 DOI: 10.1007/s005950200071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A 62-year-old man presented with right-sided abdominal pain. Radiologic examinations disclosed a solid tumor in the ileocecal mesentery that obstructed the right ureter, thus resulting in urinary extravasation. An en bloc tumor resection with the ascending colon, the terminal ileum, and a portion of the right ureter was performed. Histopathologically, the tumor was adenocarcinoma with extensive neuroendocrine differentiation which had arisen in an ileal diverticulum. The patient developed metastases to the lymph nodes, liver, and brain, and died 18 months after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Tsujii
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, Japan
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Kitahara S, Yoshida KI. [Male infertility]. Nihon Rinsho 2002; 60 Suppl 4:587-90. [PMID: 12013949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kitahara
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Koshigaya Hospital
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Yamanishi T, Chapple CR, Yasuda K, Yoshida K, Chess-Williams R. The role of beta(3)-adrenoceptors in mediating relaxation of porcine detrusor muscle. Br J Pharmacol 2002; 135:129-34. [PMID: 11786488 PMCID: PMC1573128 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. beta-adrenoceptors mediate relaxation of bladder detrusor smooth muscle. This study investigates the contribution of beta(3)-adrenoceptors to relaxation of the pig urinary bladder. 2. Cell membranes were prepared from detrusor muscle of the pig bladder dome and competition experiments with [(3)H]-dihydroalprenolol (DHA), a non-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist was used as a specific radioligand to determine the presence of beta-adrenoceptor subtypes. In functional experiments, isolated detrusor muscle strips were used to determine the potency of agonists and the affinity of antagonists. 3. In competition binding experiments, CGP20712A (beta(1)-adrenoceptor selective) displaced [(3)H]-DHA from a single binding site with a low affinity. In contrast, displacement data for ICI 118551 (beta(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist) and SR59230A (beta(3)-adrenoceptor antagonist) best fitted a two-site model suggesting a predominant (70%) population of beta(3)-adrenoceptors. 4. In functional studies, isoprenaline and salbutamol (beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist) relaxed KCl precontracted muscle strips with high potency (pEC(50) 7.7 and 7.2, respectively), whilst CGP12177 and BRL37344 (beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonists) had low potency and were partial agonists. CGP20712A and atenolol (beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists) antagonised responses with a low affinity. ICI118551 antagonized responses to isoprenaline and salbutamol with a high affinity (pK(B)=7.8 and 8.7, respectively), but the Schild slopes were low suggesting that responses were mediated by more than one beta-adrenoceptor. The Schild plot for SR59230A was biphasic, apparent pK(B) values for 3 - 10 nM SR59230A being 8.6 and those for 30 nM - 1 microM being 7.7. 5. These data suggest that beta(3)-adrenoceptors are the predominant beta-adrenoceptor subtype present in the pig bladder and that beta-adrenoceptor mediated responses of this tissue are mediated via both the beta(2)- and beta(3)-adrenoceptor subtypes.
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Kamai T, Arai K, Koga F, Abe H, Nakanishi K, Kambara T, Furuya N, Tsujii T, Yoshida KI. Higher expression of K-ras is associated with parathyroid hormone-related protein-induced hypercalcaemia in renal cell carcinoma. BJU Int 2001; 88:960-6. [PMID: 11851621 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-4096.2001.01294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether the K-ras oncogene is associated with parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) production in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and whether the serum value of PTHrP is related to the patients' survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS The serum levels of PTHrP and corrected serum calcium levels were analysed in 51 consecutive patients (29 men and 22 women, mean age 63.7 years, range 33-82) with newly diagnosed RCC. Matched pairs were analysed of the mRNA levels of K-ras and PTHrP in tumour and in corresponding non-tumour tissue originating from the same patient, using the polymerase chain reaction after reverse transcription. RESULTS Seven patients had elevated serum PTHrP values at the diagnosis of RCC. The mRNA expression of K-ras and PTHrP were detected in both tumour and non-tumour tissues, with K-ras mRNA levels being higher in the former than the latter (P < 0.05), and correlated with tumour stage (P < 0.05). There were no differences in PTHrP mRNA levels between the tissues. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of K-ras and PTHrP in seven tumours from patients with high serum values of PTHrP were higher than in tumours from those with normal values (both P < 0.01). The expression of mRNAs of K-ras and PTHrP was positively correlated (r = 0.771, P < 0.001). In seven patients with high serum PTHrP values the mRNA levels of PTHrP correlated with serum values of PTHrP and calcium (r = 0.875, P < 0.01 and r = 0.762, P < 0.05, respectively). Kaplan-Meier plots of survival rate in patients with elevated or normal serum PTHrP showed that high serum PTHrP was associated with a shorter overall survival (P < 0.05). The Cox proportional hazards model showed that serum PTHrP was an independent predictor of overall survival (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that K-ras may be associated with PTHrP-induced hypercalcaemia and that PTHrP levels may reflect the aggressiveness of tumour cells through the K-ras oncogene in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kamai
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan.
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Tsuji T, Ohga Y, Yoshikawa Y, Sakata S, Abe T, Tabayashi N, Kobayashi S, Kohzuki H, Yoshida KI, Suga H, Kitamura S, Taniguchi S, Takaki M. Rat cardiac contractile dysfunction induced by Ca2+ overload: possible link to the proteolysis of alpha-fodrin. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2001; 281:H1286-94. [PMID: 11514299 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.3.h1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the mechanisms of Ca2+ overload-induced contractile dysfunction in rat hearts independent of ischemia and acidosis. Experiments were performed on 30 excised cross-circulated rat heart preparations. After hearts were exposed to high Ca2+, there was a contractile failure associated with a parallel downward shift of the linear relation between myocardial O(2) consumption per beat and systolic pressure-volume area (index of a total mechanical energy per beat) in left ventricles from all seven hearts that underwent the protocol. This result suggested a decrease in O(2) consumption for total Ca2+ handling in excitation-contraction coupling. In the hearts that underwent the high Ca2+ protocol and had contractile failure, we found marked proteolysis of a cytoskeleton protein, alpha-fodrin, whereas other proteins were unaffected. A calpain inhibitor suppressed the contractile failure by high Ca2+, the decrease in O(2) consumption for total Ca2+ handling, and membrane alpha-fodrin degradation. We conclude that the exposure to high Ca2+ may induce contractile dysfunction possibly by suppressing total Ca2+ handling in excitation-contraction coupling and degradation of membrane alpha-fodrin via activation of calpain.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tsuji
- Department of Surgery III, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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Kamai T, Takagi K, Asami H, Ito Y, Oshima H, Yoshida KI. Decreasing of p27(Kip1)and cyclin E protein levels is associated with progression from superficial into invasive bladder cancer. Br J Cancer 2001; 84:1242-51. [PMID: 11336477 PMCID: PMC2363875 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The p27(Kip1)(p27) protein is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor of the transition from G1 to S phase. It has been reported that decreased p27 protein level is a negative prognostic indicator in human tumours including bladder cancer. We studied the relationship between protein levels of p27, cyclin E and Ki-67 and clinicopathological features of 145 consecutive Japanese patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder using immunohistochemical staining. Low protein levels of p27 were associated with low staining of cyclin E (P = 0.0302), high Ki-67 index (P = 0.0306), poorly differentiated grade (P = 0.0006), muscle invasion (P = 0.0019) and lymph node metastsis (P = 0.0002). Low staining of cyclin E and high Ki-67 index correlated with poorly differentiated grade, muscle invasion and lymph node metastsis. Cyclin E protein levels was inversely related with Ki-67 index (P = 0.0002). Kaplan-Meier plots of survival rate in patients with low versus high p27 staining showed that low protein levels of p27 were associated with a shortened disease-free and overall survival (P< 0.0001 and P< 0.0001, respectively). Similarly, low staining of cyclin E and high Ki-67 index correlated with a shortened disease-free and overall survival. On multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards model, low protein levels of p27 and high Ki-67 index were independent predictors of shortened disease-free (P< 0.0001, P = 0.0031, respectively), and low protein levels of p27, low staining of cyclin E and high Ki-67 index of overall survival (P = 0.0017, P = 0.0009, P = 0.0003, respectively). In superficial bladder tumours (Ta, T1; 86 patients), significant correlations were observed between low p27 staining and high Ki-67 index and early recurrence (P = 0.0048, P = 0.0178, respectively). Among the recurrenced superficial tumours (35 patients), the tumours which remained at a low stage showed high protein levels of p27 and cyclin E, and the tumours which progressed to invasive disease showed a gradual decrease in p27 and cyclin E protein levels over time. Our findings suggest that decreased protein levels of p27 and cyclin E play a role in the progression of bladder cancer and to evaluate these protein levels may be useful in management of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kamai
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
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Otani T, Yoshida KI, Kubota H, Kawai S, Ito S, Hori H, Ishiyama T, Oki T. Novel triene-beta-lactone antibiotics, oxazolomycin derivative and its isomer, produced by Streptomyces sp. KSM-2690. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2000; 53:1397-400. [PMID: 11217805 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.53.1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Otani
- Research Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
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Imai T, Inoue S, Kuzuhara K, Hosoya Y, Honda M, Takasaki E, Yoshida KI, Manaka K, Nishimura Y, Bekku Y, Tomikawa S, Nagao T, Uchida H. Immunosuppressive effect of bactobolamine on in vitro lymphocyte alloactivation: synergism with cyclosporine. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:2060-2. [PMID: 11120066 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Imai
- Kidney Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
The ytrABCDEF operon of Bacillus subtilis was deduced to encode a putative ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport system. YtrB and YtrE could be the ABC subunits, and YtrC and YtrD are highly hydrophobic and could form a channel through the cell membrane, while YtrF could be a periplasmic lipoprotein for substrate binding. Expression of the operon was examined in cells grown in a minimal medium. The results indicate that the expression was induced only early in the stationary phase. The six ytr genes form a single operon, transcribed from a putative sigma(A)-dependent promoter present upstream of ytrA. YtrA, which possesses a helix-turn-helix motif of the GntR family, acts probably as a repressor and regulates its own transcription. Inactivation of the operon led to a decrease in maximum cell yield and less-efficient sporulation, suggesting its involvement in the growth in stationary phase and sporulation. It is known that B. subtilis produces acetoin as an external carbon storage compound and then reuses it later during stationary phase and sporulation. When either the entire ytr operon or its last gene, ytrF, was inactivated, the production of acetoin was not affected, but the reuse of acetoin became less efficient. We suggest that the Ytr transport system plays a role in acetoin utilization during stationary phase and sporulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Yoshida
- Department of Biotechnology, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the significance of p27(Kip1) (p27) for tumour behaviour and prognosis of patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the renal pelvis and ureter. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using immunohistochemical staining, the relationship was evaluated between p27 protein level (low < 50%, high > 50%) and the Ki-67 labelling index (low < 30%, high > 30%) and clinicopathological features of 37 consecutive Japanese patients with TCC of the renal pelvis and ureter. RESULTS Low levels of p27 correlated with higher tumour stage (P < 0.05) and positive lymph node metastases (P < 0.05). There was no significant association between p27 staining and the grade and tumour proliferation as assessed by the Ki-67 index. A high Ki-67 index correlated with higher grade and stage (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier plots of survival rate in patients with low or high p27 staining showed that low levels correlated with a shorter disease-free and overall survival (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). Similarly, patients with a high Ki-67 index had lower disease-free and overall survival than those with a low Ki-67 index (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). The Cox proportional hazards model showed that a low level of p27 was an independent predictor of a shorter disease-free (P < 0.01) and overall survival (P < 0.05) on univariate analysis, but not of overall survival on multivariate analysis. A high Ki-67 index was an independent prognostic marker for shorter disease-free survival on univariate and multivariate analysis (P < 0.01) and for overall survival on multivariate analysis (P < 0.05). In those with a high Ki-67 index, increased p27 staining was associated with a better prognosis than decreased staining for disease-free and overall survival (log-rank test, P < 0. 01 and P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The finding that a low level of p27 is associated with tumour invasion and unfavourable prognosis indicates that p27 may be a useful prognostic marker for survival in upper urinary tract cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kamai
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
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Sumi S, Arai K, Kitahara S, Yoshida KI. Preliminary report of the clinical performance of a new urinary bladder cancer antigen test: comparison to voided urine cytology in the detection of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Clin Chim Acta 2000; 296:111-20. [PMID: 10807975 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(00)00208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We compared the ability of a new urinary bladder cancer antigen (UBC) test with conventional cytology for the detection of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder using voided urine samples. The UBC was measured and corrected for the creatinine concentration in the urine of 61 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (group 1), 23 patients without recurrent bladder tumors during follow-up (group 2), 28 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (group 3), nine patients with prostate cancer (group 4), and 90 healthy volunteers free of urological diseases (group 5). The UBC concentrations were 408.8+/-578.5, 18.8+/-26.6, 23.9+/-32.7, 17.5+/-18.6 and 4.6+/-6.7 ngmg(-1) creatinine (mean+/-S. D.) for groups 1-5, respectively. The level for group 1 was significantly higher than for any other group. The sensitivity and specificity, which were optimized using receiver-operating characteristic curves for groups 1 and 2 were 82.0% and 82.6%, respectively, at a threshold value of 39 ngmg(-1) creatinine. The sensitivity and specificity of cytology for these same groups were 60.7% and 86.9%, respectively. The sensitivity of the UBC was significantly higher than that of cytology, not only for total bladder tumors (82.0% vs. 60.7%, P<0.02) but also for grade I transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (76.5% vs. 11.8%, P<0. 001). While offering a similarly high specificity, the UBC test might have an advantage over cytology in terms of superior sensitivity, particularly for low-grade tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sumi
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether the number of CAG repeats in the androgen receptor gene is enhanced in patients with idiopathic azoospermia. METHODS Using the polymerase chain reaction, the number of CAG repeats was assayed in 41 patients with idiopathic azoospermia and in 48 normozoospermic fertile men. RESULTS In the control group, the CAG repeat length ranged from 17 to 30 (mean 23.9 +/- 2.9); in the azoospermic group, the CAG repeat length ranged from 20 to 34 (mean 26.5 +/- 3.5). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.0013). None of the men in the control group had a CAG repeat length greater than 31; four of the azoospermic men had 34 CAG repeats. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that an increase in the number of CAG repeats in the androgen receptor gene to 31 or greater may be associated with the etiology of at least some cases of idiopathic azoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
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Yoshida KI, Shibayama T, Aoyama D, Fujita Y. Interaction of a repressor and its binding sites for regulation of the Bacillus subtilis iol divergon. J Mol Biol 1999; 285:917-29. [PMID: 9887260 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1998.2398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transcription of the Bacillus subtilis iol divergon is negatively regulated by a repressor encoded by iolR, which belongs to the DeoR family of bacterial regulators. Gel retardation analysis involving the IolR protein synthesized in Escherichia coli revealed that IolR bound specifically and independently to each of the iol and iolRS promoter regions, with higher affinity to iol. DNase I footprinting revealed that IolR affected DNase I sensitivity either in the iol promoter region between nucleotides -46 and +51 or in iolRS between -79 and -2 (+1 is the transcription initiation nucleotide of both iol and iolRS), indicating its interaction with the extended regions of the iol and iolRS promoters. Deletion analysis indicated that the iol region between -23 and +21 is involved mainly in IolR binding and negative regulation, while the iolRS region between -70 and -44 comprises at least part of the cis-acting sequences for IolR binding and negative regulation. Sequence examination of the extended regions revealed that a tandem direct repeat consisting of two relatively conserved 11-mer sequences, WRAYCAADARD (where D is A, G or T; R is A or G; W is A or T; and Y is C or T), found in each of the iol and iolRS regions might be a determinant sequence for the IolR-DNA interaction. Actual involvement of the direct repeats in the IolR-DNA interaction was shown by the deficiency of IolR-binding and negative regulation that was caused by substitution of the conserved bases within the conserved sequences. These results imply a unique mode of interaction of IolR with the target DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Yoshida
- Faculty of Engineering, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, 729-0292, Japan
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Yoshida KI, Sumi S, Arai K, Koga F, Umeda H, Hosoya Y, Honda M, Yano M, Moriguchi H, Kitahara S. Serum concentration of type I collagen metabolites as a quantitative marker of bone metastases in patients with prostate carcinoma. Cancer 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19971101)80:9<1760::aid-cncr10>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Yoshida KI, Honda M, Arai K, Hosoya Y, Moriguchi H, Sumi S, Ueda Y, Kitahara S. Serial lectin affinity chromatography with concavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin demonstrates altered asparagine-linked sugar-chain structures of prostatic acid phosphatase in human prostate carcinoma. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1997; 695:439-43. [PMID: 9300882 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00186-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Differences between human prostate carcinoma (PCA, five cases) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, five cases) in asparagine-linked (Asn) sugar-chain structure of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) were investigated using lectin affinity chromatography with concanavalin A (Con A) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). PAP activities were significantly decreased in PCA-derived PAP, while no significant differences between the two PAP preparations were observed in the enzymatic properties (Michaelis-Menten value, optimal pH, thermal stability, and inhibition study). In these PAP preparations, all activities were found only in the fractions which bound strongly to the Con A column and were undetectable in the Con A unbound fractions and in the fractions which bound weakly to the Con A column. The relative amounts of PAP which bound strongly to the Con A column but passed through the WGA column, were significantly greater in BPH-derived PAP than in PCA-derived PAP. In contrast, the relative amounts of PAP which bound strongly to the Con A column and bound to the WGA column, were significantly greater in PCA-derived PAP than in BPH-derived PAP. The findings suggest that Asn-linked sugar-chain structures are altered during oncogenesis in human prostate and also suggest that studies of qualitative differences of sugar-chain structures of PAP might lead to a useful diagnostic tool for PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
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48
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Abstract
Previous determination of the nucleotide sequence of the iol region of the Bacillus subtilis genome allowed us to predict the structure of the iol operon for myo-inositol catabolism, consisting of 10 iol genes (iolA to iouJ); iolG corresponds to idh, encoding myo-inositol 2-dehydrogenase (Idh). Primer extension analysis suggested that an inositol-inducible promoter for the iol operon (iol promoter) might be a promoter-like sequence in the 5' region of iolA, which is probably recognized by sigmaA. S1 nuclease analysis implied that a rho-independent terminator-like structure in the 3' region of iolJ might be a terminator for iol transcription. Disruption of the iol promoter prevented synthesis of the iol transcript as well as that of Idh, implying that the iol operon is most probably transcribed as an 11.5-kb mRNA containing the 10 iol genes. Immediately upstream of the iol operon, two genes (iolR and iolS) with divergent orientations to the iol operon were found. Disruption of iolR (but not iolS) caused constitutive synthesis of the iol transcript and Idh, indicating that the iolR gene encodes a transcription-negative regulator (presumably a repressor) for the iol operon. Northern and S1 nuclease analyses revealed that the iolRS genes were cotranscribed from another inositol-inducible promoter, which is probably recognized by sigmaA. The promoter assignments of the iol and iolRS operons were confirmed in vivo with a lacZ fusion integrated into the amyE locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Yoshida
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
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49
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Suzuki T, Yano M, Sumi S, Honda M, Hosoya Y, Yoshida KI. Study of the structure of struvite stones with scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Urol Int 1997; 58:88-92. [PMID: 9096269 DOI: 10.1159/000282957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Topographic features of eight struvite calculi were investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). Perpendicularly cracked fragments showed concentric laminations composed of compact and loosely packed strata alternately. Magnesium and phosphorus were detected in the compact strata with their characteristic dispersive X-ray spectra. There existed numerous spherular crystals with smooth or porous surfaces and scattered penta- or hexa-hedral coffin-lid shaped crystals in the loosely packed strata. The former crystals showed the dispersive X-ray spectra of calcium and phosphorus, and were estimated to be calcium phosphate (CaP). The latter ones were presumed to be magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) with EDX. The surfaces of the fragments were cracked like eggshells and displayed numerous CaP crystals and scattered MAP crystals in most cases, while in only 1 case some faces of pieces demonstrated wavy MAP phases, sundry areas which were rimmed with aggregated CaP spherulites. The mean molar ratios of Mg/P and Ca/P in each case were 0.88-1.03 and 1.25-1.52, respectively. Though EDX was inadequate to determine the accurate chemical formula of CaP and MAP crystals by detecting their molar ratios of Ca/P and Mg/P with EDX, SEM/EDX is useful to observe these urolith crystals and to surmise them to be CaP or MAP crystals by detecting their atomic elements with EDX.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Suzuki
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
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50
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Kasahara Y, Yoshida KI, Matsuo T, Kimura I, Mukai T. Propagation Characteristics of Auroral Hiss Observed by Akebono Satellite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.5636/jgg.47.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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