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Nye LE, Cruz K, Friedman S, Rose D, Befort C, Sullivan DK, Hamilton-Reeves JM, Harlan-Williams LM, Behbod F, Wick J, Irwin M, Klemp J. Abstract PS7-44: Energetics and lifestyle in inherited syndromes (ELLIE'S study). Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs20-ps7-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: US women have a 1 in 8 lifetime chance of developing breast cancer (BC), with an estimated 10% resulting from a hereditary BC gene mutation. Individuals with mutations in genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 have an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer, as well as other types of cancers. At present, there are more than a dozen other hereditary cancer related genetic mutations that have an associated moderate to high risk of developing cancer. Along with an ability to identify and characterize risk in individuals with a hereditary cancer mutation, there is a need to study modifiable factors such as dietary intake and physical activity in relation to an individual’s risk for cancer.
Obesity and poor physical fitness are independently associated with an increased risk of BC and recurrence. There is a paucity of data on the impact of BMI, obesity, and physical activity on primary and recurrent BC in genetic mutation carriers. Women with a moderate penetrance gene mutation are at a high risk for BC and yet are likely to have an impact from modifiable risk factors. The impact of obesity, diet, and physical activity on BC risk and outcomes needs to be further characterized in genetic mutation carriers.
Methods: A short REDCap electronic survey was disseminated on social media and through our advocate partner Facing our Risk of Cancer Empowered (FORCE). Eligible participants include males or females, ≥18 years with a hereditary cancer genetic mutation. The survey includes questions regarding personal health, weight, height, metabolic risk factors, reproductive history as well as personal and/or family history of cancer and gene mutation status. In addition, includes a standardized assessment for diet (14-Item Mediterranean Diet Tool) and physical activity (IPAQ and modifiable PAQ). The first 1000 participants are compensated for their time with a $10 e-card. The survey is available in English and Spanish. The Spanish version was developed in collaboration with JUNTOS Kansas City.
Objectives: To establish a cohort and describe obesity rates, physical activity, metabolic factors, and nutrition in a cohort of individuals that have an increased risk of cancer due to a hereditary cancer genetic mutation.
Results: A total of N = 1,117 surveys have been completed as of June 30, 2020. Of them, 61.2% were removed from final analysis due to incomplete surveys, internet bots, and multiple single-user entries. A total N = 443 surveys have been verified and included in this analysis. Demographics: 98.6% female (n= 437), 94.4% white (n = 418) and median age 46 (range 19 – 77 yrs). Mutations represented in the cohort include: BRCA2 (39.0%), BRCA1 (29.1%), CHEK2 (13.1%), and ATM (5.9%) and < 5%: PALB2, RAD51D, and TP53. Median BMI 24.9 ± 6.06 stdv. BMI 25 to < 30: 26.4% (n = 117). BMI 30 or > 30: 23.47% (n = 104). 61.3% responders are currently trying to lose weight. Attempts at weight loss: No attempts: n = 60 (13.5%), at least 1: n = 55 (12.4%), 2-5: n = 211 (47.6%), 6 or more: n = 117 (26.4%). Limitations to exercise include motivation (26.9%), time (23.5%), not liking exercise (15.6%), and lack of gym memberships (12.4%). 74.9% (n = 332) responded that they are interested in participating in future studies. The Spanish survey was made available 3/3/2020, no responses to date.
Conclusion: Individuals harboring a hereditary cancer genetic mutation are interested and willing to participate in research focused on lifestyle modifications and association with cancer risk. Rates of being overweight or obese are high and many have made multiple attempts at weight loss and find common barriers to exercise. Social media is a feasible platform to recruit to a lifestyle research project in a rare population. Additional steps to limit internet trolls, bots, and repetitive responses are necessary but did not impede recruitment. Further effort and collaboration are needed to expand the survey to underrepresented minorities.
Citation Format: Lauren E Nye, Kendra Cruz, Sue Friedman, Diane Rose, Christie Befort, Debra K Sullivan, Jill M Hamilton-Reeves, Lisa M Harlan-Williams, Fariba Behbod, Jo Wick, Melinda Irwin, Jennifer Klemp. Energetics and lifestyle in inherited syndromes (ELLIE'S study) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS7-44.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sue Friedman
- 2FORCE: Facing Our Risk of Cancer Empowered, Tampa, FL
| | - Diane Rose
- 2FORCE: Facing Our Risk of Cancer Empowered, Tampa, FL
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jo Wick
- 3University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS
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Engstrom TA, Pogoda K, Cruz K, Janmey PA, Schwarz JM. Compression stiffening in biological tissues: On the possibility of classic elasticity origins. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:052413. [PMID: 31212528 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.052413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Compression stiffening, or an increase in shear modulus with increasing compressive strain, has been observed in recent rheometry experiments on brain, liver, and fat tissues. Here we extend the known types of biomaterials exhibiting this phenomenon to include agarose gel and fruit flesh. The data reveal a linear relationship between shear storage modulus and uniaxial prestress, even up to 40% strain in some cases. We focus on this less-familiar linear relationship to show that two different results from classic elasticity theory can account for the phenomenon of linear compression stiffening. One result is due to Barron and Klein, extended here to the relevant geometry and prestresses; the other is due to Birch. For incompressible materials, there are no adjustable parameters in either theory. Which one applies to a given situation is a matter of reference state, suggesting that the reference state is determined by the tendency of the material to develop, or not develop, axial stress (in excess of the applied prestress) when subjected to torsion at constant axial strain. Our experiments and analysis also strengthen the notion that seemingly distinct animal and plant tissues can have mechanically similar behavior at the quantitative level under certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Engstrom
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - K Pogoda
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences PL-31342, Krakow, Poland
| | - K Cruz
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - P A Janmey
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Departments of Physiology and Physics & Astronomy, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - J M Schwarz
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
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Walker JT, Beachley G, Amos HM, Baron JS, Bash J, Baumgardner R, Bell MD, Benedict KB, Chen X, Clow DW, Cole A, Coughlin JG, Cruz K, Daly RW, Decina SM, Elliott EM, Fenn ME, Ganzeveld L, Gebhart K, Isil SS, Kerschner BM, Larson RS, Lavery T, Lear GG, Macy T, Mast MA, Mishoe K, Morris KH, Padgett PE, Pouyat RV, Puchalski M, Pye HOT, Rea AW, Rhodes MF, Rogers CM, Saylor R, Scheffe R, Schichtel BA, Schwede DB, Sexstone GA, Sive BC, Sosa Echeverría R, Templer PH, Thompson T, Tong D, Wetherbee GA, Whitlow TH, Wu Z, Yu Z, Zhang L. Toward the improvement of total nitrogen deposition budgets in the United States. Sci Total Environ 2019; 691:1328-1352. [PMID: 31466212 PMCID: PMC7724633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Frameworks for limiting ecosystem exposure to excess nutrients and acidity require accurate and complete deposition budgets of reactive nitrogen (Nr). While much progress has been made in developing total Nr deposition budgets for the U.S., current budgets remain limited by key data and knowledge gaps. Analysis of National Atmospheric Deposition Program Total Deposition (NADP/TDep) data illustrates several aspects of current Nr deposition that motivate additional research. Averaged across the continental U.S., dry deposition contributes slightly more (55%) to total deposition than wet deposition and is the dominant process (>90%) over broad areas of the Southwest and other arid regions of the West. Lack of dry deposition measurements imposes a reliance on models, resulting in a much higher degree of uncertainty relative to wet deposition which is routinely measured. As nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions continue to decline, reduced forms of inorganic nitrogen (NHx = NH3 + NH4+) now contribute >50% of total Nr deposition over large areas of the U.S. Expanded monitoring and additional process-level research are needed to better understand NHx deposition, its contribution to total Nr deposition budgets, and the processes by which reduced N deposits to ecosystems. Urban and suburban areas are hotspots where routine monitoring of oxidized and reduced Nr deposition is needed. Finally, deposition budgets have incomplete information about the speciation of atmospheric nitrogen; monitoring networks do not capture important forms of Nr such as organic nitrogen. Building on these themes, we detail the state of the science of Nr deposition budgets in the U.S. and highlight research priorities to improve deposition budgets in terms of monitoring and flux measurements, leaf- to regional-scale modeling, source apportionment, and characterization of deposition trends and patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Walker
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, United States of America.
| | - G Beachley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - H M Amos
- AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellow hosted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - J S Baron
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - J Bash
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - R Baumgardner
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - M D Bell
- National Park Service, Air Resources Division, Lakewood, CO, United States of America
| | - K B Benedict
- Colorado State University, Department of Atmospheric Science, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - X Chen
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - D W Clow
- U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Water Science Center, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - A Cole
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Air Quality Research Division, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J G Coughlin
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - K Cruz
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - R W Daly
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - S M Decina
- University of California, Department of Chemistry, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - E M Elliott
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Geology & Environmental Science, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - M E Fenn
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - L Ganzeveld
- Meteorology and Air Quality (MAQ), Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - K Gebhart
- National Park Service, Air Resources Division, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - S S Isil
- Wood Environment & Infrastructure Solutions, Inc., Newberry, FL, United States of America
| | - B M Kerschner
- Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, United States of America
| | - R S Larson
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - T Lavery
- Environmental Consultant, Cranston, RI, United States of America
| | - G G Lear
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - T Macy
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - M A Mast
- U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Water Science Center, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - K Mishoe
- Wood Environment & Infrastructure Solutions, Inc., Newberry, FL, United States of America
| | - K H Morris
- National Park Service, Air Resources Division, Lakewood, CO, United States of America
| | - P E Padgett
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - R V Pouyat
- U.S. Forest Service, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - M Puchalski
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - H O T Pye
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - A W Rea
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - M F Rhodes
- D&E Technical, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - C M Rogers
- Wood Environment & Infrastructure Solutions, Inc., Newberry, FL, United States of America
| | - R Saylor
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Air Resources Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - R Scheffe
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - B A Schichtel
- National Park Service, Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - D B Schwede
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - G A Sexstone
- U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Water Science Center, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - B C Sive
- National Park Service, Air Resources Division, Lakewood, CO, United States of America
| | - R Sosa Echeverría
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - P H Templer
- Boston University, Department of Biology, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - T Thompson
- AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellow hosted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Policy, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - D Tong
- George Mason University. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Air Resources Laboratory, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - G A Wetherbee
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hydrologic Networks Branch, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - T H Whitlow
- Cornell University, Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Z Wu
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Z Yu
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Geology & Environmental Science, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - L Zhang
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Air Quality Research Division, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Leszczyńska K, Namiot A, Cruz K, Byfield FJ, Won E, Mendez G, Sokołowski W, Savage PB, Bucki R, Janmey PA. Potential of ceragenin CSA-13 and its mixture with pluronic F-127 as treatment of topical bacterial infections. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 110:229-38. [PMID: 20961363 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04874.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Ceragenin CSA-13 is a synthetic mimic of cationic antibacterial peptides, with facial amphiphilic morphology reproduced using a cholic acid scaffold. Previous data have shown that this molecule displays broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, which decreases in the presence of blood plasma. However, at higher concentrations, CSA-13 can cause lysis of erythrocytes. This study was designed to assess in vitro antibacterial and haemolytic activity of CSA-13 in the presence of pluronic F-127. METHODS AND RESULTS CSA-13 bactericidal activity against clinical strains of bacteria associated with topical infections and in an experimental setting relevant to their pathophysiological environment, such as various epithelial tissue fluids and the airway sputum of patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF), was evaluated using minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC) measurements and bacterial killing assays. We found that in the presence of pluronic F-127, CSA-13 antibacterial activity was only slightly decreased, but CSA-13 haemolytic activity was significantly inhibited. CSA-13 exhibits bacterial killing activity against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa present in CF sputa, and biofilms formed by different Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria. CSA-13 bactericidal action is partially compromised in the presence of plasma, but is maintained in ascites, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The synergistic action of CSA-13, determined by the use of a standard checkerboard assay, reveals an increase in CSA-13 antibacterial activity in the presence of host defence molecules such as the cathelicidin LL-37 peptide, lysozyme, lactoferrin and secretory phospholipase A (sPLA). CONCLUSION These results suggest that CSA-13 may be useful to prevent and treat topical infection. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Combined application of CSA-13 with pluronic F-127 may be beneficial by reducing CSA-13 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Leszczyńska
- Department of Diagnostic Microbiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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