1
|
Pather K, Mobley EM, Awad ZT. Utility of gastrostomy tube placement at the time of pancreaticoduodenectomy. Surg Endosc 2024; 38:2205-2211. [PMID: 38448619 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-024-10735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate the utility of gastrostomy tube (G-tube) placement in reducing delayed gastric emptying (DGE) among patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients undergoing PD from 2015 to 2020 at our institution. Thirty-day patient outcomes including DGE, length of stay (LOS), reoperation rates, and morbidity were analyzed in patients with or without G-tube placement. RESULTS 128 patients with resectable pancreatic head cancer (54 females, median age 68.50 [59.00-74.00]) underwent PD (66 had G-tube placement and 62 did not). There was no significant difference in the incidence of DGE (n = 17 vs. n = 17, p = 0.612), and LOS between the groups. Postoperative ileus (p = 0.007) was significantly lower while atrial fibrillation (p = 0.037) was higher among the G-tube group. Gastrostomy-related complications (p = 0.001) developed in ten patients: skin-related complications (n = 6), tube dislodgement (n = 3) and clogging (n = 1). Nine patients required reoperation during index admission (n = 4 vs. n = 5, p = 1.000). There was no difference in 30-day readmissions (n = 7 vs. n = 5, p = 0.471) and no difference in 30 or 90-day mortality. CONCLUSION Gastrostomy tube placement during index PD did not affect the incidence of DGE. However, patients experienced significant morbidities due to G-tube-related complications. Placement of gastrostomy tubes at the index PD offers no clinical benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keouna Pather
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, 655 W. 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA
| | - Erin M Mobley
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, 655 W. 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA
| | - Ziad T Awad
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, 655 W. 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mobley EM, Guerrier C, Tfirn I, Gutter MS, Vigal K, Pather K, Braithwaite D, Nataliansyah MM, Tsai S, Baskovich B, Awad ZT, Parker AS. Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Stage at Diagnosis for US Adults with Pancreatic Cancer: a Population-Based Study. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:2826-2835. [PMID: 36596980 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We evaluated whether Medicaid expansion is associated with earlier stage at diagnosis for pancreatic cancer taking into account key demographic, clinical, and geographic factors. METHODS We obtained Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results (SEER-18) data on individuals diagnosed with pancreatic cancer from 2007 to 2016 (< 65 years of age). We defined non-metastatic as either local or regional disease (vs. metastatic disease). To estimate the association of Medicaid expansion with pancreatic cancer stage at diagnosis, we used a difference-in-differences model, at the individual level, comparing those from early-adopting states in 2014 to non-early-adopting states. We utilized cluster-robust standard errors and explored the role of demographic factors (race, sex, insurance at diagnosis), clinical indicator (disease in the head of the pancreas), and county characteristics (Urban Influence Code, Social Deprivation Index). RESULTS In the univariable setting, the probability of non-metastatic disease at diagnosis increased by 3.9 percentage points (ppt) for those from Medicaid expansion states post-expansion (n = 36,609). After adjustment for covariates, the ppt was attenuated to 2.7. Of particular note, we observed evidence of interactions with sex and race. The beneficial effect was less pronounced for men (increase in the probability of non-metastatic stage at diagnosis by 2.1ppt) than women (3.6ppt) and non-existent for blacks (- 3.1ppt) compared to whites (4.9ppt) and other races (4.8ppt). CONCLUSION Medicaid expansion is associated with increased probability of non-metastatic stage at diagnosis for pancreatic cancer; however, this beneficial effect is not uniform across sex and race. This underscores the need to investigate the impact of policy and implementation strategies on pancreatic cancer survival disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Mobley
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Christina Guerrier
- Center for Data Solutions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ian Tfirn
- Center for Data Solutions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Michael S Gutter
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kim Vigal
- Center for Data Solutions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Keouna Pather
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Dejana Braithwaite
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mochamad M Nataliansyah
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Susan Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Brett Baskovich
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ziad T Awad
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Alexander S Parker
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mobley EM, Chen G, Xu J, Edgar L, Pather K, Daly MC, Awad ZT, Parker AS, Xie Z, Suk R, Mathews S, Hong YR. Association of Medicaid expansion with 2-year survival and time to treatment initiation in gastrointestinal cancer patients: A National Cancer Database study. J Surg Oncol 2023; 128:1285-1301. [PMID: 37781956 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We evaluated whether Medicaid expansion (ME) was associated with improved 2-year survival and time to treatment initiation (TTI) among patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. METHODS GI cancer patients diagnosed 40-64 years were queried from the National Cancer Database. Those diagnosed from 2010 to 2012 were considered pre-expansion; those diagnosed from 2014 to 2016 were considered post-expansion. Cox models estimated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 2-year overall survival. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI of TTI within 30- and 90 days. Multivariable Difference-in-Difference models were used to compare expansion/nonexpansion cohorts pre-/post-expansion, adjusting for patient, clinical, and hospital factors. RESULTS 377,063 patients were included. No significant difference in 2-year survival was demonstrated across ME and non-ME states overall or in site-based subgroup analysis. In stage-based subgroup analysis, 2-year survival significantly improved among stage II cancer, with an 8% decreased hazard of death at 2 years (0.92; 0.87-0.97). Those with stage IV had a 4% increased hazard of death at 2 years (1.04; 1.01-1.07). Multivariable GEE models showed increased TTI within 30 days (1.12; 1.09-1.16) and 90 days (1.22; 1.17-1.27). Site-based subgroup analyses indicated increased likelihood of TTI within 30 and 90 days among colon, liver, pancreas, rectum, and stomach cancers, by 30 days for small intestinal cancer, and by 90 days for esophageal cancer. In subgroup analyses, all stages experienced improved odds of TTI within 30 and 90 days. CONCLUSION ME was not associated with significant improvement in 2-year survival for those with GI cancer. Although TTI increased after ME for both cohorts, the 30- and 90-day odds of TTI was higher for those from ME compared with non-ME states. Our findings add to growing evidence of associations with ME for those diagnosed with GI cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Mobley
- Division of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Guanming Chen
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lauren Edgar
- Division of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Keouna Pather
- Division of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Meghan C Daly
- Division of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ziad T Awad
- Division of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Zhigang Xie
- Department of Public Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ryan Suk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Simon Mathews
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Young-Rock Hong
- Department of Health Services Research, Management, and Policy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alabbas H, Mobley EM, Pather K, Andrews WG, Awad ZT. Does Fixation of the Gastric Conduit Reduce the Incidence of Gastric Volvulus After Esophagectomy? J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 27:3092-3095. [PMID: 37940809 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-023-05871-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute volvulus of the gastric conduit is a rare complication after esophagectomy that warrants surgical intervention and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study is to evaluate whether fixation of the gastric conduit would reduce the incidence of postoperative volvulus following esophagectomy. METHODS This single-center retrospective analysis of patients who underwent esophagectomy was conducted to determine the incidence of acute postoperative volvulus following a change in practice. All patients who underwent an esophagectomy from September 2013 to November 2022 were included. We compared postoperative outcomes of gastric conduit volvulus, reoperations, morbidity, and mortality among those who had fixation versus non-fixation of the conduit to the right pleural edge. RESULTS Two hundred and forty-two consecutive patients underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy (81% male, 41% were < 67 years old). The first 121 (50%) patients did not undergo fixation of the gastric conduit, while the subsequent 121 (50%) patients did undergo fixation. Comparing both groups, there were no significant differences in major complications, anastomotic leak, and 30-day and 90-day all-cause mortality. Four (2%) patients developed gastric conduit volvulus in the non-fixation group, requiring reoperative intervention. Following implementation of fixation, no patient experienced gastric volvulus. CONCLUSION Acute volvulus of the gastric conduit is a rare complication after esophagectomy. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention are critical. In this study, although not statistically significant, fixation of the gastric conduit did reduce the number of patients who experienced postoperative volvulus. Additional future studies are needed to validate this technique and the prevention of postoperative acute gastric conduit volvulus among a diverse patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haytham Alabbas
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, 653 West 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Erin M Mobley
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, 653 West 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Keouna Pather
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, 653 West 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Weston G Andrews
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, 653 West 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ziad T Awad
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, 653 West 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pather K, Mobley EM, Alabbas HH, Awad Z. A Comparison of Whipple Outcomes Between a Safety-Net Hospital and American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) in African Americans. Cureus 2023; 15:e43487. [PMID: 37588132 PMCID: PMC10425274 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to compare 30-day adverse events following pancreaticoduodenectomy between our safety-net hospital and the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) in a matched cohort of Black/African American (AA) patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed consecutive Black/AA patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomies from 2015 to 2020 at our safety-net institution. The corresponding patients from the ACS-NSQIP (2015-2019) were queried. Propensity-score matching was performed between safety-net and ACS-NSQIP Black/AA cohorts to equate baseline characteristics, and 30-day outcomes were compared between propensity-matched cohorts. Results Thirty-two Black/AAs (16 females; 62.1±10.7 years) were identified from 128 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomies at our safety-net institution and were propensity-score matched to 32 ACS-NSQIP patients. After matching, baseline characteristics did not significantly differ between cohorts. Postoperatively, surgical site infections, wound disruptions, respiratory events, cardiovascular events, urinary tract infections, acute renal failure, sepsis, delayed gastric emptying, and pancreatic fistulas were not significantly different between our safety-net and ACS-NSQIP cohorts. Our length of stay (LOS) was longer (17.0(12.3-27.0) versus 10.0(7.0-16.0) days); however, patients with a LOS>30 days were comparable. Furthermore, 30-day readmissions were similar, and 30-day reoperations were lower (p=0.03) at our safety-net institution. Conclusions Black/AA patients who underwent pancreatectomies at a safety-net hospital had similar outcomes and fewer reoperations compared to a corresponding national cohort. Although we illustrate comparable outcomes, clinical pathways to mitigate and alleviate health disparities in marginalized populations at a safety-net hospital should be emphasized to continue improving outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keouna Pather
- Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Erin M Mobley
- Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Haytham H Alabbas
- Surgery/General and Oncology Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
- Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Ziad Awad
- Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pather K, Mobley EM, Guerrier C, Esma R, Awad ZT. A Comparison of Clinical and Cost Outcomes After Pancreatectomies at a Safety-net Hospital using a National Registry. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2023; 33:184-190. [PMID: 36971522 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000001163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our institution (UFHJ) meets the criteria of both a large, specialized medical center (LSCMC) and a safety-net hospital (AEH). Our aim is to compare pancreatectomy outcomes at UFHJ against other LSCMCs, AEHs, and against institutions that meet criteria for both LSCMC and AEH. In addition, we sought to evaluate differences between LSCMCs and AEHs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pancreatectomies for pancreatic cancer were queried from the Vizient Clinical Data Base (2018 to 2020). Clinical and cost outcomes were compared between UFHJ and LSCMCs, AEHs, and a combined group, respectively. Indices >1 indicated the observed value was greater than the expected national benchmark value. RESULTS The mean number of pancreatectomy cases performed per institution in the LSCMC group was 12.15, 11.73, and 14.31 in 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively. At AEHs, 25.33, 24.56, and 26.37 mean cases per institution per year, respectively. In the combined group of both LSCMCs and AEHs, 8.10, 7.60, and 7.22 mean cases, respectively. At UFHJ, 17, 34, and 39 cases were performed each year, respectively. Length of stay index decreased below national benchmarks at UFHJ (1.08 to 0.82), LSCMCs (0.91 to 0.85), and AEHs (0.94 to 0.93), with an increasing case mix index at UFHJ (3.33 to 4.20) from 2018 to 2020. In contrast, length of stay index increased in the combined group (1.14 to 1.18) and overall was the lowest at LSCMCs (0.89). Mortality index declined at UFHJ (5.07 to 0.00) below national benchmarks compared with LSCMCs (1.23 to 1.29), AEHs (1.19 to 1.45), and the combined group (1.92 to 1.99), and was significantly different between all groups ( P <0.001). Thirty-day re-admissions were lower at UFHJ (6.25% to 10.26%) compared with LSCMCs (17.62% to 16.83%) and AEHs (18.93% to 15.51%), and significantly lower at AEHs compared with LSCMCs ( P <0.001). Notably, 30-day re-admissions were lower at AEHs compared with LSCMCs ( P <0.001) and declined over time and were the lowest in the combined group in 2020 (17.72% to 9.52%). Direct cost index at UFHJ declined (1.00 to 0.67) below the benchmark compared with LSCMCs (0.90 to 0.93), AEHs (1.02 to 1.04), and the combined group (1.02 to 1.10). When comparing LSCMCs and AEHs, there were no significant differences between direct cost percentages ( P =0.56); however, the direct cost index was significantly lower at LSCMCs. CONCLUSION Pancreatectomy outcomes at our institution have improved over time exceeding national benchmarks and often were significant to LSCMCs, AEHs, and a combined comparator group. In addition, AEHs were able to maintain good quality care when compared with LSCMCs. This study highlights the role that safety-net hospitals can provide high-quality care to a medically vulnerable patient population in the presence of high-case volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keouna Pather
- University of Florida College of Medicine Jacksonville
| | - Erin M Mobley
- University of Florida College of Medicine Jacksonville
| | | | | | - Ziad T Awad
- University of Florida College of Medicine Jacksonville
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pather K, Mobley EM, Guerrier C, Esma R, Kendall H, Awad ZT. Long-term survival outcomes of esophageal cancer after minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:50. [PMID: 35209914 PMCID: PMC8876443 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the long-term overall and disease-free survival and factors associated with overall survival in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing a totally minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (MILE) at a safety-net hospital. Methods This was a single-center retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent MILE from September 2013 to November 2017. Overall and disease-free survival were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier estimates, and hazard ratios (HR) were derived from multivariable Cox regression models. Results Ninety-six patients underwent MILE during the study period. Overall survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 83.2%, 61.9%, and 55.9%, respectively. Disease-free survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 83.2%, 60.6%, and 47.5%, respectively. Overall survival (p < 0.001) and disease-free survival (p < 0.001) differed across pathological stages. By multivariable analysis, increasing age (HR, 1.06; p = 0.02), decreasing Karnofsky performance status score (HR, 0.94; p = 0.002), presence of stage IV disease (HR, 5.62; p = 0.002), locoregional recurrence (HR, 2.94; p = 0.03), and distant recurrence (HR, 4.78; p < 0.001) were negatively associated with overall survival. Overall survival significantly declined within 2 years and was independently associated with stage IV disease (HR, 3.29; p = 0.04) and distant recurrence (HR, 5.78; p < 0.001). Conclusion MILE offers favorable long-term overall and disease-free survival outcomes. Age, Karnofsky performance status score, stage IV, and disease recurrence are shown to be prognostic factors of overall survival. Prospective studies comparing long-term outcomes after different MIE approaches are warranted to validate survival outcomes after MILE. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12957-022-02518-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keouna Pather
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA. .,Division of General Surgery, Faculty Clinic, UF College of Medicine - Jacksonville, 653 West 8th Street, FC12, 3rd Floor, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA.
| | - Erin M Mobley
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Christina Guerrier
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Rhemar Esma
- UF Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Ziad T Awad
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mobley EM, Tfirn I, Guerrier C, Gutter MS, Vigal K, Pather K, Baskovich B, Awad ZT, Parker AS. Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Pancreatic Cancer: An Examination of Sociodemographic Disparity in 1-Year Survival. J Am Coll Surg 2022; 234:75-84. [PMID: 35213464 PMCID: PMC9132328 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the effect of Medicaid expansion on 1-year survival of pancreatic cancer for nonelderly adults. We further evaluated whether sociodemographic and county characteristics alter the association of Medicaid expansion and 1-year survival. STUDY DESIGN We obtained data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End-Results dataset on individuals diagnosed with pancreatic cancer from 2007 to 2015. A Difference-in-Differences model compared those from early-adopting states to non-early-adopting states, before and after adoption (2014), while taking into consideration sociodemographic and county characteristics to estimate the effect of Medicaid expansion on 1-year survival. RESULTS In the univariable Difference-in-Differences model, the probability of 1-year survival for pancreatic cancer increased by 4.8 percentage points (ppt) for those from Medicaid expansion states postexpansion (n = 35,347). After adjustment for covariates, the probability of 1-year survival was reduced to 0.8 ppt. Interestingly, after multivariable adjustment the effect of living in an expansion state on 1-year survival was similar for men and women (0.6 ppt for men vs 1.2 ppt for women), was also similar for Whites (2.6 ppt), and was higher in those of other races (5.9 ppt) but decreased for Blacks (-2.0 ppt). Those who were insured (-0.1 ppt) or uninsured (-2.2 ppt) experienced a decrease in the probability of 1-year survival; however, those who were covered by Medicaid at diagnosis experienced an increase in the probability of 1-year survival (7.4 ppt). CONCLUSIONS Medicaid expansion during or after 2014 is associated with an increase in the probability of 1-year survival for pancreatic cancer; however, this effect is attenuated after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics. Of note, the positive association was more pronounced in certain categories of key covariates suggesting further inquiry focused on these subgroups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Mobley
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Ian Tfirn
- Center for Data Solutions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Christina Guerrier
- Center for Data Solutions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Michael S. Gutter
- Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kim Vigal
- Center for Data Solutions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Keouna Pather
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Brett Baskovich
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Ziad T. Awad
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hacker S, Pather K, Guerrier C, Esma R, Mobley E, Awad ZT. Utility of Gastrostomy Tubes in Pancreaticoduodenectomy Patients. J Am Coll Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2021.07.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
10
|
Mobley EM, Guerrier C, Tfirn I, Vigal K, Hacker S, Pather K, Esma R, Baskovich B, Awad ZT, alexander parker P. Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Pancreatic Cancer Survival: An Examination of Geographic, Racial, and Access Disparities. J Am Coll Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2021.08.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
11
|
Pather K, Ravindran K, Guerrier C, Esma R, Kendall H, Hacker S, Awad ZT. Improved Quality of Care and Efficiency Do Not Always Mean Cost Recovery After Minimally Invasive Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy. J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 25:2742-2749. [PMID: 33528787 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-021-04931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to determine the financial impact of clinical complications and outcomes after minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (MILE) at a safety-net hospital. METHODS This was a single-center retrospective analysis of consecutive patients undergoing MILE from 2013 to 2018. Postoperative complications were classified by Clavien-Dindo grade and associated total and direct recovered costs were assessed. Direct cost and LOS index were defined as the ratio of observed to expected values (>1 denotes above nationwide expectations). Annual outcomes were based on Medicare fiscal years. RESULTS One hundred twenty-four patients (99 males, mean age 65.7 ± 9.3) were surgically treated for esophageal malignancy (n = 118) and benign disease (n = 6) by MILE between 2014 and 2018. Mean ICU LOS (5.8 ± 6.6 versus 4.3 ± 6.3 days) and LOS index (1.16 versus 0.76) improved from 2014 to 2018. Both direct cost index (1.03 versus 0.99) and indirect costs (43.4% versus 41.4%) decreased over time. However, direct costs recovered (213.6 to 159.0%) and total costs recovered (119.1 to 92.5%) declined during this period. Clinical complications grade was not associated with total costs recovered (p = 0.69). Extent of recovered expenditure was significantly higher from commercial/private payers as compared to government-sponsored payers (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Improvement in clinical outcomes and efficiency of care are not reflected by annual recovered expenditure. Furthermore, clinical complications do not correlate with the ability to recover hospital spending. Financial recovery was primary payer dependent. Enhanced collaboration with hospital administration may be needed in an effort to maximize financial fidelity in the presence of good quality of care after highly complex procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christina Guerrier
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, 653 West 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA
| | - Rhemar Esma
- UF Health-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Ziad T Awad
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, 653 West 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pather K, Ghannam AD, Hacker S, Guerrier C, Mobley EM, Esma R, Awad ZT. Reoperative Surgery After Minimally Invasive Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2021; 32:60-65. [PMID: 34516475 PMCID: PMC8814731 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000000996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to identify factors influencing reoperations following minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy and associated mortality and hospital costs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 2013 and 2018, 125 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Outcomes included reoperations, mortality, and hospital costs. Multivariable logistic regression analyses determined factors associated with reoperations. RESULTS In-hospital reoperations (n=10) were associated with in-hospital mortality (n=3, P<0.01), higher hospital costs (P<0.01), and longer hospital stay (P<0.01). Conversely, reoperations after discharge were not associated with mortality. By multivariable analysis, baseline cardiovascular (P=0.02) and chronic kidney disease (P=0.01) were associated with reoperations. However, anastomotic leaks were not associated with reoperations nor mortality. CONCLUSION The majority of reoperations occur within 30 days often during index hospitalization. Reoperations were associated with increased in-hospital mortality and hospital costs. Notably, anastomotic leaks did not influence reoperations nor mortality. Efforts to optimize patient baseline comorbidities should be emphasized to minimize reoperations following minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keouna Pather
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Alexander D. Ghannam
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Shoshana Hacker
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Christina Guerrier
- Center for Data Solutions, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Erin M. Mobley
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Rhemar Esma
- University of Florida Health, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Ziad T. Awad
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Balachandran PW, Colglazier JJ, Pather K, Khasawneh M, Bower TC, DeMartino RR. Patient-Reported Outcomes of Surgical Management of Functional Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome. J Vasc Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
14
|
Pather K, Deladisma AM, Guerrier C, Kriley IR, Awad ZT. Indocyanine green perfusion assessment of the gastric conduit in minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. Surg Endosc 2021; 36:896-903. [PMID: 33580319 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-021-08346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anastomotic leak is a serious complication following esophagectomy. The aim of the study was to report our experience with indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG-FA)-PINPOINT® assisted minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (MILE) and assess factors associated with anastomotic leak. METHODS We reviewed consecutive patients undergoing MILE from 2013 to 2018. Intraoperative real-time assessment of gastric conduit was performed using ICG-FA with PINPOINT®. Perfusion was categorized as good perfusion (brisk ICG visualization to conduit tip) or non-perfusion (any demarcation along the conduit). RESULTS 100 patients (81 males, median age 68 [60-72]) underwent MILE for malignancy in 96 patients and benign disease in 4 patients. There were six anastomotic leaks all managed with endoscopic stent placement. There was no intraoperative mortality and no 30-day mortality in leak patients. Patients with a leak were more likely to be overweight with BMI > 25 (100% versus 53%, p = 0.03), have pre-existing diabetes (50% versus 13%, p = 0.04), and have higher intraoperative estimated blood loss (260 mL [95-463] versus 75 mL [48-150], p = 0.03). Anastomotic leaks occurred more frequently in the non-perfusion (67%) versus the good perfusion category (33%, p = 0.03). By multivariable analysis, diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 6.42; p = 0.04) and non-perfusion (OR 6.60; p = 0.04) were independently associated with leak. CONCLUSION Intraoperative use of ICG-FA may be a useful adjunct to assess perfusion of the gastric conduit with non-perfusion being independently associated with a leak. While perfusion plays an important role in anastomotic integrity, development of a leak is multifactorial, and ICG-FA should be used in conjunction with the optimization of patient and procedural components to minimize leak rates. Prospective, randomized studies are required to validate the interpretation, efficacy, and application of this novel technology in minimally invasive esophagectomies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keouna Pather
- Department of Surgery, UF Health, 653 West 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA.
| | - Adeline M Deladisma
- Department of Surgery, UF Health, 653 West 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA
| | | | - Isaac R Kriley
- Department of Surgery, UF Health, 653 West 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA
| | - Ziad T Awad
- Department of Surgery, UF Health, 653 West 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA.,University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pather K, Kärkkäinen JM, Tenorio ER, Bower TC, Kalra M, DeMartino R, Colglazier J, Oderich GS. Long-term symptom improvement and health-related quality of life after operative management of median arcuate ligament syndrome. J Vasc Surg 2020; 73:2050-2058.e4. [PMID: 33249207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate long-term symptom improvement and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after operative intervention for median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS). METHODS Clinical data of all consecutive patients treated by operative management of MALS from 1999 to 2018 were reviewed. A cross-sectional questionnaire using the Visick score, the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index, and Short Form (SF)-12v2 questionnaires was performed to assess long-term outcomes. The SF-12 HRQOL domains were compared between symptom-free and symptomatic patient groups and to averages for the US general population. Treatment failure was defined as no relief after surgery and Visick category 3 to 4 symptoms. Freedom from symptoms was estimated at 5 years. RESULTS A total of 100 patients were treated for MALS (mean age, 38 ± 18 years; 75% female). Open surgical release was performed in 81 and laparoscopic release in 19 patients. The most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain in 99 patients with postprandial exacerbation in 85. There was no mortality. Major adverse events at 30 days had occurred in 21 patients (open 19, laparoscopic 2) including myocardial infarction (n = 1), pancreatitis (n = 2), respiratory failure (n = 4), estimated blood loss of more than 1 L (n = 8), and postoperative ileus (n = 8). One patient treated by laparoscopic release required conversion for an aortic injury, which was treated by primary repair and splenectomy. Forty-six patients responded to the questionnaire with a mean follow-up of 8 ± 4 years. Initial symptom resolution or improvement was reported by 38 patients (83%), whereas 8 patients (17%) reported treatment failure. Seven of the 38 patients (18%) with initial treatment success reported symptom recurrence. The estimated 5-year freedom from symptoms was 67 ± 7%. All SF-12 HRQOL domains were significantly lower and below the average population range in symptomatic patients compared with those who were symptom free, in which all domains were within the average population range. The Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index scores were also significantly lower in symptomatic patients. Forty respondents (87%) reported that they would still undergo operative management if given the choice, including all respondents who reported symptom recurrence. CONCLUSIONS The operative management of MALS can be performed with a low rate of complications. Approximately two-thirds of respondents were free of symptoms 5 years after the procedure. Treatment success in symptom-free patients was associated with an improved HRQOL on par with the population average compared with symptomatic patients. The vast majority of respondents would opt to have the operation again if given a choice. However, patients should be well-informed about the possibility of failure to relieve symptoms and symptom recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keouna Pather
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Jussi M Kärkkäinen
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn; Heart Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Emanuel R Tenorio
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Tex
| | - Thomas C Bower
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Manju Kalra
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Randall DeMartino
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Jill Colglazier
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Gustavo S Oderich
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Tex.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pather K, Augustine TN. Tamoxifen induces hypercoagulation and alterations in ERα and ERβ dependent on breast cancer sub-phenotype ex vivo. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19256. [PMID: 33159119 PMCID: PMC7648622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75779-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen shows efficacy in reducing breast cancer-related mortality but clinically, is associated with increased risk for thromboembolic events. We aimed to determine whether breast tumour sub-phenotype could predict propensity for thrombosis. We present two ex vivo Models of Tamoxifen-therapy, Model 1 in which treatment recapitulates accumulation within breast tissue, by treating MCF7 and T47D cells directly prior to exposure to blood constituents; and Model 2 in which we recreate circulating Tamoxifen by treating blood constituents prior to exposure to cancer cells. Blood constituents included whole blood, platelet-rich plasma and platelet-poor plasma. Hypercoagulation was assessed as a function of thrombin activity, expression of CD62P and CD63 activation markers defined as an index of platelet activation, and platelet morphology; while oestrogen receptor expression was assessed using immunocytochemistry with quantitative analysis. We determined, in concert with clinical studies and contrary to selected laboratory investigations, that Tamoxifen induces hypercoagulation, dependent on sub-phenotypes, with the T47D cell line capacity most enhanced. We determined a weak positive correlation between oestrogen receptor expression, and CD62P and CD63; indicating an association between tumour invasion profiles and hypercoagulation, however, other yet unknown factors may play a predictive role in defining hypercoagulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Pather
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
| | - T N Augustine
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kärkkäinen JM, Oderich GS, Tenorio ER, Pather K, Oksala N, Macedo TA, Vrtiska T, Mees B, Jacobs MJ. Psoas muscle area and attenuation are highly predictive of complications and mortality after complex endovascular aortic repair. J Vasc Surg 2020; 73:1178-1188.e1. [PMID: 33002587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.08.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the psoas muscle area and attenuation (radiodensity), quantified by computed tomography, together with clinical risk assessment, as predictors of outcomes after fenestrated and branched endovascular aortic repair (FBEVAR). METHODS The present single-center study included 504 patients who had undergone elective FBEVAR for pararenal or thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. The clinical risk assessment included age, sex, comorbidities, body mass index, glomerular filtration rate, aneurysm size and extent, cardiac stress test results, ejection fraction, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score. Preoperative computed tomography was used to measure the psoas muscle area and attenuation at the L3 level. The lean psoas muscle area (LPMA; area in cm2 multiplied by attenuation in Hounsfield units [HU]) was calculated by multiplying the area by the attenuation. The risk factors for 90-day mortality, major adverse events (MAEs), and long-term mortality were determined using multivariable analysis. MAEs included 30-day or in-hospital death, acute kidney injury, myocardial infarction, respiratory failure, paraplegia, stroke, and bowel ischemia. A novel risk stratification method was proposed according to the strongest predictors of mortality and MAEs on multivariable analysis. RESULTS The 30-day mortality, 90-day mortality, and MAE rates were 2.0%, 5.6%, and 20%, respectively. The independent predictors of 90-day mortality were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, ASA score, and LPMA. The independent predictors of MAEs were aneurysm diameter, glomerular filtration rate, and LPMA. For long-term mortality, the independent predictors were chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, extent I-III thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms, ASA score, and LPMA. The patients were stratified into three groups according to the ASA score and LPMA: low risk, ASA score II or LPMA >350 cm2HU (n = 290); medium risk, ASA score III and LPMA ≤350 cm2HU (n = 181); and high risk, ASA score IV and LPMA ≤350 cm2HU (n = 33). The 90-day mortality and MAE rates were 1.7% and 16% in the low-, 7.2% and 24% in the medium-, and 30% and 33% in the high-risk patients, respectively (P < .001 and P = .02, respectively). Patients with ASA score IV and LPMA <200 cm2HU, indicating sarcopenia (n = 14) had a 43% risk of death within 90 days. The 3-year survival estimates were 80% ± 3% for the low-, 70% ± 4% for the medium-, and 35% ± 9% for the high-risk patients (P < .001). The mean follow-up time was 3.1 ± 2.3 years. CONCLUSIONS LPMA was a strong predictor of outcomes and the only independent predictor of both mortality and MAEs after FBEVAR. A high muscle mass was protective against complications, regardless of the ASA score. Risk stratification based on the ASA score and LPMA can be used to identify patients at excessively high operative risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jussi M Kärkkäinen
- Advanced Endovascular Aortic Research Program, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn; Heart Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gustavo S Oderich
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Texas Health Science, Houston, Tex.
| | - Emanuel R Tenorio
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Texas Health Science, Houston, Tex
| | - Keouna Pather
- Advanced Endovascular Aortic Research Program, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Niku Oksala
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Centre for Vascular Surgery and Interventional Radiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Thanila A Macedo
- Advanced Endovascular Aortic Research Program, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Terri Vrtiska
- Advanced Endovascular Aortic Research Program, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Barend Mees
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands; European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael J Jacobs
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands; European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kärkkäinen JM, Tenorio ER, Jain A, Mendes BC, Macedo TA, Pather K, Gloviczki P, Oderich GS. Outcomes of target vessel endoleaks after fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair. J Vasc Surg 2020; 72:445-455. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
19
|
Pather K, Karkkainen JM, Tenorio ER, Bower TC, Kalra M, DeMartino RR, Colglazier JJ, Oderich GS. Long-Term Symptom Improvement and Health-Related Quality of Life After Operative Management of Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome. J Vasc Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.04.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
20
|
Augustine TN, Pather K, Mak D, Klonaros D, Xulu K, Dix-Peek T, Duarte R, van der Spuy WJ. Ex vivo interaction between blood components and hormone-dependent breast cancer cells induces alterations associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and thrombosis. Ultrastruct Pathol 2020; 44:262-272. [PMID: 32252581 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2020.1749197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of breast cancer is steadily increasing with metastasis and thromboembolic complications identified as the most common causes of death. The acquisition of an aggressive phenotype by hormone-dependent breast cancers is mediated by Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1) expression and is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and, potentially, increased propensity for thrombosis. We investigated this phenomenon by assessing the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and whole blood (WB) on parameters of EMT and hypercoagulation in vitro. MCF-7 breast cancer cells were cultured under standard conditions, followed by co-culture with PRP or WB. Cells were processed for real-time PCR (TGF-β1 and vimentin), electron microscopy or immunocytochemistry (TGF-β1). Micrographs were qualitatively assessed, and real-time PCR data analyzed with PAST Statistical Software. The addition of blood components heightened TGF-β1 immunolocalization and significantly increased corresponding gene expression. Both PRP and WB significantly increased vimentin expression and induced a shape change from a typical epithelial phenotype to a spindle-shape morphology, indicative of EMT. Fibrin fiber, network and plaque formation indicated a hypercoagulatory environment. The results thus show that in preparation for hematogenous metastasis, hormone-dependent breast cancer cells assume an aggressive phenotype associated with EMT, simultaneously increasing the propensity for the formation of thrombo-emboli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T N Augustine
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - K Pather
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - D Mak
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - D Klonaros
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - K Xulu
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - T Dix-Peek
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - R Duarte
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - W J van der Spuy
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kärkkäinen JM, Tenorio ER, Pather K, Mendes BC, Macedo TA, Wigham J, Diderrich A, Oderich GS. Outcomes of Small Renal Artery Targets in Patients Treated by Fenestrated-Branched Endovascular Aortic Repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2020; 59:910-917. [PMID: 32197996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate renal related outcomes in patients who had incorporation of a small (<4.0 mm) renal artery (RA) during fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair (F-BEVAR). METHODS A total of 215 consecutive patients enrolled in a prospective F-BEVAR trial were reviewed. Computed tomography angiography centreline of flow reconstruction was used to measure mean RA diameter. Patients who had at least one <4.0 mm main or accessory RA incorporated by fenestration or directional branch (study group) were compared with patients who had incorporation of two ≥5.0 mm RAs (control group). Endpoints were technical success of RA incorporation, RA rupture and kidney loss, primary and secondary RA patency, RA branch instability and re-interventions, and renal function deterioration. RESULTS Twenty-four patients with 28 <4.0 mm RAs (16 accessory and 12 main RAs) were compared with 144 patients with 288 ≥5.0 mm incorporated RAs. Study group patients were significantly younger than controls (72 ± 8 vs. 75 ± 8 years, p = .04) and more often females (46% vs. 21%, p = .018); there were no differences in cardiovascular risk factors and aneurysm extent. Technical success was 92% for <4.0 mm and 99% for ≥5.0 mm RA incorporation (p = .05). Inadvertent RA rupture occurred in three patients in the study group (13%) and in one (1%) in the control group (p = .009) resulting in kidney loss in two study group patients (8%) and one (1%) control group patient (p = .05). At one year, primary patency was 79 ± 9% vs. 94 ± 1% (p < .001) and secondary patency was 84 ± 8% vs. 97 ± 1% (p < .001) for study vs. control group; freedom from branch instability was 79 ± 9% vs. 93 ± 2% (p = .005), respectively. There were no differences in re-intervention rates and renal function deterioration between the groups. The mean follow up time was 21 ± 14 months. CONCLUSION Incorporation of <4.0 mm RAs during F-BEVAR is associated with lower technical success, higher risk of arterial disruption and kidney loss, and lower patency rates at one year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jussi M Kärkkäinen
- Mayo Clinic Aortic Centre, Advanced Endovascular Aortic Research Program, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Emanuel R Tenorio
- Mayo Clinic Aortic Centre, Advanced Endovascular Aortic Research Program, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Keouna Pather
- Mayo Clinic Aortic Centre, Advanced Endovascular Aortic Research Program, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bernardo C Mendes
- Mayo Clinic Aortic Centre, Advanced Endovascular Aortic Research Program, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Thanila A Macedo
- Mayo Clinic Aortic Centre, Advanced Endovascular Aortic Research Program, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jean Wigham
- Mayo Clinic Aortic Centre, Advanced Endovascular Aortic Research Program, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alisa Diderrich
- Mayo Clinic Aortic Centre, Advanced Endovascular Aortic Research Program, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gustavo S Oderich
- Mayo Clinic Aortic Centre, Advanced Endovascular Aortic Research Program, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mozes GD, Pather K, Oderich GS, Mirza A, Colglazier JJ, Shuja F, Mendes BC, Kalra M, Bjarnason H, Bower TC, Huang Y, Gloviczki P, DeMartino RR. Outcomes of Onyx® Embolization of Type II Endoleaks After Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. Ann Vasc Surg 2020; 67:223-231. [PMID: 32173471 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type II endoleaks (T2ELs) are common following endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (EVAR). Embolization with ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx) may present an effective treatment alternative for T2ELs. Due to limited data supporting its use, we sought to analyze outcomes of Onyx embolization for T2ELs. METHODS Retrospective review of consecutive patients treated for T2ELs utilizing Onyx embolization agent from 2009-2018. All pre- and post-Onyx intervention CT scans were analyzed for diameter and volume changes with 3D reconstruction software. The primary outcomes were change in maximum AAA diameter and volume. Secondary outcomes included additional interventions, rupture, and mortality. A subset analysis was performed with patients with isolated T2ELs (no other types of endoleaks present). RESULTS We identified 85 patients (73 males, mean age 77.6 ± 7.6 years) who underwent 112 Onyx interventions. Average time to first Onyx intervention after index EVAR was 3.3 ± 2.6 years and average sac growth was 6.3 ± 6.7 mm. Patients underwent mean 1.3 Onyx interventions using a mean of 4.9 ± 4.7 ml for treatment. Three complications occurred (Onyx extravasation, colon ischemia, and access site hematoma). Mean follow-up was 2.5 ± 2.1 years after initial Onyx treatment. At the most recent follow-up, sac diameter stabilization was seen in 47% and reduction >5 mm was seen in 19%. Sac growth of >5 mm was seen in 34% of patients following the first Onyx intervention. In our subset of isolated T2EL, 72% had sac stabilization or reduction >5 mm. Four patients experienced a ruptured aneurysm (3 had active type 1 endoleaks). Rupture-free survival was 95% at 5 years, and overall survival was 54% at 5 years. Notably, increasing Onyx interventions were not associated with sac stabilization or reduction (OR 0.6, P = 0.1). On multivariable analysis, AAA sac diameter stabilization or reduction was independently associated with BMI >30 kg/m2 (OR 4.2, P = 0.01) and having only 1 Onyx intervention (OR 3.8, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Onyx for embolization of T2ELs resulted in AAA sac diameter stabilization or reduction in 66% of patients, and up to 72% in isolated T2ELs. Further, increasing Onyx interventions were not associated with either aneurysm sac stabilization or reduction. Given its similar outcomes to other embolization strategies in the literature, Onyx embolization for management of T2ELs needs to be judiciously considered, particularly for T2ELs persisting after an initial Onyx embolization intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gergely D Mozes
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Keouna Pather
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Gustavo S Oderich
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Aleem Mirza
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jill J Colglazier
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Fahad Shuja
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Bernardo C Mendes
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Manju Kalra
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Haraldur Bjarnason
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Thomas C Bower
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ying Huang
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Peter Gloviczki
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tenorio ER, Pather K, Kärkkäinen JM, Mendes BC, DeMartino RR, Macedo TA, Gloviczki P, Oderich GS. Impact of Intentional Coverage of Accessory Renal Arteries on Renal Function Among Patients Treated by Fenestrated-Branched Endografts. J Vasc Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
24
|
Pather K, Tenorio ER, Kärkkäinen JM, Mendes BC, DeMartino RR, Macedo TA, Gloviczki P, Oderich GS. Outcomes of fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair in patients with a solitary functional kidney. J Vasc Surg 2020; 72:457-469.e2. [PMID: 31987670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes of fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair (F-BEVAR) of pararenal abdominal aortic aneurysms or thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs) in patients with a solitary functional kidney (SFK). METHODS We analyzed the outcomes of 287 consecutive patients (206 male; mean age, 74 ± 8 years old) enrolled in a prospective nonrandomized study to investigate use of F-BEVAR for treatment of patients with pararenal abdominal aortic aneurysms or TAAAs between 2013 and 2018. Outcomes were analyzed in patients with solitary kidney (functional or congenital) and compared with control patients who had two functioning kidneys. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was defined using Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of kidney function, and End-stage renal disease criteria, and renal function deterioration (RFD) was defined by a decline in estimated glomerular filtration the estimated glomerular filtration rate of more than 30% from baseline. End points included 30-day mortality and major adverse events, AKI, freedom from RFD, and patient survival. RESULTS There where 30 patients (10%) with a SFK and 257 patients with two functioning kidneys. Patients with a SFK were younger and had significantly (P < .05) higher baseline creatinine (+0.3 mg/dL), lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (-16 mL/minute/1.73 m2) and more often had stage III to V chronic kidney disease (73% vs 43%). There were no differences in cardiovascular risk factors and aneurysm extent. Technical success was achieved in 98.9% of patients with SFK and in 99.8% of controls (P = .10). At 30 days, there was no significant differences in mortality (0% vs 1%) and major adverse events (40% vs 24%; P = .08), including rates of AKI (20% vs 12%) and new-onset dialysis (3% vs 1%) between patients with a SFK and the control group, respectively. Mean follow-up was 18 ± 15 months. At 2 years, there was no difference (P = .36) in patient survival (92 ± 5% vs 84 ± 3%) and freedom from RFD (100 ± 0% vs 84 ± 3%) for patients with SFK and controls, respectively. Presence of a SFK was not a predictor for AKI or RFD. By multivariable analysis, estimated blood loss of more than 1 L (odds ratio [OR], 2.9; P = .04) and total fluoroscopy time (OR, 1.8; P = .05) were predictors for AKI, and postoperative AKI (OR, 4.9; P < .001), renal branch occlusion/stenosis (OR, 3.1; P = .001), and Crawford extent II TAAA (OR, 2.4; P = .007) were predictors for RFD. CONCLUSIONS Despite the worse baseline renal function, F-BEVAR is safe and effective with nearly identical outcomes in patients with a SFK as compared with patients with two functioning kidneys. Development of postoperative AKI is the most important predictor for RFD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keouna Pather
- Advanced Endovascular Aortic Research Program, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Emanuel R Tenorio
- Advanced Endovascular Aortic Research Program, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Jussi M Kärkkäinen
- Advanced Endovascular Aortic Research Program, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Bernardo C Mendes
- Advanced Endovascular Aortic Research Program, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Randall R DeMartino
- Advanced Endovascular Aortic Research Program, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Thanila A Macedo
- Advanced Endovascular Aortic Research Program, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Peter Gloviczki
- Advanced Endovascular Aortic Research Program, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Gustavo S Oderich
- Advanced Endovascular Aortic Research Program, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pather K, Tenorio ER, Kärkkäinen JM, Mendes BC, DeMartino RR, Macedo TA, Gloviczki P, Oderich GS. Outcomes of Fenestrated and Branched Endovascular Aortic Repair in Patients With Solitary Kidney. J Vasc Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.06.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
26
|
Kärkkäinen JM, Pather K, Tenorio ER, Mees B, Oderich GS. Should endovascular approach be considered as the first option for thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysms? J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2019; 60:298-312. [PMID: 30855116 DOI: 10.23736/s0021-9509.19.10905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Open surgical repair has been the gold standard for treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs). The technique of open TAAA repair has evolved from the use of "island" patch incorporation to separate branch vessel bypass, from "clamp and go" to routine use of distal perfusion, and towards more extensive repair in patients with connective tissue disorders. Open TAAA repair can be done with excellent results in highly specialized centers. However, these operations continue to carry excessive risk when performed outside large aortic centers, with 30-day mortality estimated on 20% according to statewide and national databases. In octogenarians, the mortality of elective open TAAA repair can be up to 40%. Endovascular repair was introduced as an alternative to open surgical repair in the elderly or higher risk patients using hybrid reconstruction, parallel grafts or fenestrated and branched endografts. Several large aortic centers have developed dedicated clinical programs to advance techniques of fenestrated-branched endovascular repair using patient-specific and off-the-shelf devices, offering a minimally invasive alternative to open repair allowing treatment of increasingly older and sicker TAAA patients. During the last decade, improvements in device design, patient selection, spinal cord injury protocols, and perioperative management have contributed to a continued decline in morbidity and mortality of fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair, challenging open surgical repair as the new "gold standard" for treatment of TAAAs. Despite the improved results, endovascular repair is a highly technical procedure that requires vast experience, involves a significant risk of complications, and also, has an impact on patients' physical quality of life. In this article, we review the current technical aspects of endovascular TAAA repair with the main focus on the evidence of open versus endovascular outcomes of TAAA repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jussi M Kärkkäinen
- Advanced Endovascular Aortic Research Program, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Keouna Pather
- Advanced Endovascular Aortic Research Program, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Emanuel R Tenorio
- Advanced Endovascular Aortic Research Program, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Barend Mees
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gustavo S Oderich
- Advanced Endovascular Aortic Research Program, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA -
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pather K, Dix-Peek T, Duarte R, Chetty N, Augustine TN. Breast cancer cell-induced platelet activation is compounded by tamoxifen and anastrozole in vitro. Thromb Res 2019; 177:51-58. [PMID: 30851629 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-tumour cell interaction is implicated in the initiation of breast cancer-associated thrombosis, with hormone-therapy (Tamoxifen/Anastrozole), increasing this risk. However, recent in vitro research indicates that Tamoxifen inhibits platelet activation, while the effects of Anastrozole on platelet activation are not well characterised. This study investigated platelet activation caused by Tamoxifen or Anastrozole-treated breast cancer cells in vitro. MCF7 and T47D cells were pre-treated with Tamoxifen or Anastrozole to mimic the effects of the drugs in vivo, and co-cultured with whole blood. Platelet activation was determined using flow cytometry. Platelet (CD41a+CD62P+) was determined using an interval gating strategy. Platelet morphology was visualised using scanning electron microscopy. Our results support clinical findings, showing that hormone-therapy is associated with platelet activation. Tamoxifen-treated MCF7 cells increased P-selectin expression, with ultrastructural analysis showing fully spread platelets. Conversely, Tamoxifen-treated T47D cells decreased P-selectin expression with platelets showing signs of early aggregation. Anastrozole pre-treatment decreased P-selectin expression, with treated MCF7 cells inducing platelet membrane folds and lamellipodia extension, and treated T47D cells inducing platelet aggregation and fibrin network formation indicating hypercoagulation. The findings support clinical studies. Hormone-therapy augments tumour cell-induced platelet activation, which may be linked to cell phenotype. This may have clinical implications for treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Pather
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - T Dix-Peek
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - R Duarte
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - N Chetty
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS), 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - T N Augustine
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas were induced in hamster buccal pouch epithelium by twice weekly topical applications of N-methyl-N-benzylnitrosamine (MBN) or 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) over a period of 15 weeks. Each of the 22 tumors induced (14 MBN and eight DMBA) were evaluated by single-strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing to identify mutations in conserved exons (E5-E8) of the p53 tumor suppressor gene and codons 12/13 and 61 of Ha-ras. In addition, Northern blot analysis of 10 MBN tumors and five DMBA tumors was performed to determine whether the mdm-2 gene was overexpressed, p53 mutations were detected in five of 14 (35%) MBN-induced carcinomas and in two of eight (25%) DMBA-induced carcinomas. Ha-ras mutations were detected in three of 14 (21%) MBN-induced carcinomas and in three of eight (37%) DMBA-induced carcinomas. One MBN-induced carcinoma exhibited a mutation in both the p53 and Ha-ras genes. The majority (five of seven of p53/Ha-ras mutations induced by MBN were G->A transitions and two of these occurred at hamster p53 codon 248, which corresponds to human p53 codon 245, a known mutational tumor 'hot spot'. A->T transversion at Ha-ras codon 61 accounted for three of five (60%) DMBA-induced mutations. There was no evidence of mdm-2 overexpression in any of the tumors evaluated. Overall, the results provide additional support for the validity of the hamster buccal pouch model of oral carcinogenesis, as applied to sequential cellular and molecular analysis and cancer chemoprevention studies.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Carcinogens
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Cheek
- Cricetinae
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- Dimethylnitrosamine/analogs & derivatives
- Genes, p53/drug effects
- Genes, p53/genetics
- Genes, ras/drug effects
- Genes, ras/genetics
- Male
- Mesocricetus
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mouth Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Mouth Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Point Mutation/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K W Chang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|