1
|
Li BT, Daly B, Gospodarowicz M, Bertagnolli MM, Brawley OW, Chabner BA, Fashoyin-Aje L, de Claro RA, Franklin E, Mills J, Legos J, Kaucic K, Li M, The L, Hou T, Wu TH, Albrecht B, Shao Y, Finnegan J, Qian J, Shahidi J, Gasal E, Tendler C, Kim G, Yan J, Morrow PK, Fuchs CS, Zhang L, LaCaze R, Oelrich S, Murphy MJ, Pazdur R, Rudd K, Wu YL. Reimagining patient-centric cancer clinical trials: a multi-stakeholder international coalition. Nat Med 2022; 28:620-626. [PMID: 35440725 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01775-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bob T Li
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Bobby Daly
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Gospodarowicz
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, , University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Otis W Brawley
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bruce A Chabner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Society for Translational Oncology, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lola Fashoyin-Aje
- Oncology Center of Excellence, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - R Angelo de Claro
- Oncology Center of Excellence, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark Li
- Resolution Bioscience, Agilent Technologies, Kirkland, WA, USA
| | - Lydia The
- McKinsey Cancer Center, McKinsey & Company
| | - Tina Hou
- McKinsey Cancer Center, McKinsey & Company
| | | | | | - Yi Shao
- McKinsey Cancer Center, McKinsey & Company
| | | | - Jing Qian
- Asia Society Policy Institute, Asia Society, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Craig Tendler
- Janssen, Johnson and Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Charles S Fuchs
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.,Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Martin J Murphy
- Society for Translational Oncology, Durham, NC, USA.,Shanghai TuoXin Health Promotion Center, Shanghai, China.,CEO Roundtable on Cancer, Morrisville, NC, USA
| | - Richard Pazdur
- Oncology Center of Excellence, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Rudd
- Asia Society Policy Institute, Asia Society, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Thoracic Oncology Group, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wieczorek R, Phillips G, Czekala L, Trelles Sticken E, O'Connell G, Simms L, Rudd K, Stevenson M, Walele T. A comparative in vitro toxicity assessment of electronic vaping product e-liquids and aerosols with tobacco cigarette smoke. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 66:104866. [PMID: 32353510 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of electronic vaping products (EVPs) continues to increase worldwide among adult smokers in parallel with accumulating information on their potential toxicity and relative safety compared to tobacco smoke. At this time, in vitro assessments of many widely available EVPs are limited. In this study, an in vitro battery of established assays was used to examine the cytotoxic (Neutral red uptake), genotoxic (In vitro micronucleus) and mutagenic (Bacterial reverse mutation) responses of two commercial EVPs (blu GO™ disposable and blu PLUS+™ rechargeable) when compared to smoke from a reference cigarette (3R4F). In total, 12 commercial products were tested as e-liquids and as aerosols. In addition, two experimental base liquids containing 1.2% and 2.4% nicotine were also assessed to determine the effect of flavour and nicotine on all three assays. In the bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) and in vitro micronucleus (IVM) assays, exposures to e-liquids and EVP aerosols, with and without nicotine and in a range of flavourings, showed no mutagenic or genotoxic effects compared to tobacco smoke. The neutral red uptake (NRU) assay showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity (P < .05) for whole undiluted EVP aerosols compared to tobacco smoke, which by contrast was markedly cytotoxic even when diluted. The reduced in vitro toxicological responses of the EVPs add to the increasing body of scientific weight-of-evidence supporting the role of high-quality EVPs as a harm reduction tool for adult smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Wieczorek
- Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH - Imperial Brands, Albert-Einstein-Ring 7, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Phillips
- Imperial Brands PLC, 121 Winterstoke Road, Bristol BS3 2LL, UK.
| | - L Czekala
- Imperial Brands PLC, 121 Winterstoke Road, Bristol BS3 2LL, UK
| | - E Trelles Sticken
- Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH - Imperial Brands, Albert-Einstein-Ring 7, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G O'Connell
- Imperial Brands PLC, 121 Winterstoke Road, Bristol BS3 2LL, UK
| | - L Simms
- Imperial Brands PLC, 121 Winterstoke Road, Bristol BS3 2LL, UK
| | - K Rudd
- Imperial Brands PLC, 121 Winterstoke Road, Bristol BS3 2LL, UK
| | - M Stevenson
- Imperial Brands PLC, 121 Winterstoke Road, Bristol BS3 2LL, UK
| | - T Walele
- Imperial Brands PLC, 121 Winterstoke Road, Bristol BS3 2LL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shimony E, Shekhar A, Bonow RO, Mokdad A, Lupel A, Rød-Larsen T, Rudd K, Narula J. Peace and Epidemiologic Transitions in Patterns of Health and Disease. Eur Heart J 2019; 40:2286-2288. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Shimony
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1190 Fifth Avenue, Guggenheim Pavilion - Box 1030, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aditya Shekhar
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1190 Fifth Avenue, Guggenheim Pavilion - Box 1030, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert O Bonow
- Northwestern Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, NMH/Galter Room 3-150, 251 E Huron, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Ali Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) and Chief Strategy Officer for Population Health at the University of Washington, 2301 5th Avenue, Suite 600, Seattle, WA
| | - Adam Lupel
- International Peace Institute, 777 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY, USA
| | - Terje Rød-Larsen
- International Peace Institute, 777 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Rudd
- International Peace Institute, 777 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1190 Fifth Avenue, Guggenheim Pavilion - Box 1030, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rudd K, Hantrakun V, Boonsri C, Somayaji R, Fitzpatrick A, Day N, Teparrukkul P, Limmathurotsakul D, West T. SEPSIS MANAGEMENT IN ADULTS ADMITTED TO A THAI REGIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL. Chest 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.02.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
5
|
Rudd K, Hantrakun V, Boonsri C, Somayaji R, Day N, Teparrukkul P, West T, Limmathurotsakul D. PRESENTATION, MANAGEMENT, AND OUTCOMES OF ADULT PATIENTS WITH CULTURE-POSITIVE BURKHOLDERIA PSEUDOMALLEI INFECTION AT A THAI REGIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL. Chest 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.02.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
6
|
Abstract
We describe a case of knotting of a femoral nerve catheter which prevented removal by traction after knee replacement surgery. In this context, early surgical removal should be performed as bacterial colonization of femoral catheters is common. Radiological imaging of the catheter may assist decision-making about whether to persist with traction and what surgical approach is required. Minimizing the length of catheter inserted to less than 10 cm makes knotting unlikely, but will decrease the chance of achieving lumbar plexus blockade which could improve analgesia if the catheter passes centrally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Rudd
- Lismore Base Hospital, Lismore and East Coast Anaesthesia, Byron Bay, New South Wales
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rudd K. Health reform and nursing. Aust Nurs J 2010; 17:9. [PMID: 20449961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
|
8
|
|
9
|
Lynch JE, Pouch A, Sanders R, Hinders M, Rudd K, Sevick J. Gaseous microemboli sizing in extracorporeal circuits using ultrasound backscatter. Ultrasound Med Biol 2007; 33:1661-75. [PMID: 17570578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2006] [Revised: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes efforts to estimate the size of gaseous microemboli (GME) in extracorporeal blood circuits based on the amplitude of backscattered ultrasound, starting with analytic modeling of the scattering behavior of GME in blood. After neglecting resonance effects, this model predicts a linear relationship between the amplitude of backscattered echoes and the diameter of GME. Computer simulations based on the cylindrical acoustic finite integration technique were performed to test some of the simplifying assumptions of the analytical model, with the simulations predicting small deviations from the linear approximation that could be treated as random scatter. Ultrasonic and microscopic measurements of injected GME were then performed on a test circuit to determine the linear correlation coefficient between echo amplitude and GME diameter in conditions like those employed in real cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuits. The correlation coefficient determined through this study was further validated in a closed-loop CPB circuit using canine blood. This study shows that the amplitude of ultrasonic backscattered echoes can be used to accurately estimate the size distribution of a population of detected GME when the spacing of emboli is great enough to minimize interference and other multi-path scattering effects. With the high flow rates found in CPB circuits, typically ranging from 2 to 6 L per minute (equivalent to a flow velocity of 0.3 to 1 m/s through the circuit tubing), this assumption will be valid even when hundreds of emboli per second pass through the circuit. Therefore, sizing of GME using the ultrasonic backscatter models described in this paper is a viable method for estimating embolic load delivered to a patient during a CPB procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John E Lynch
- Luna Innovations Incorporated, Hampton, VA 23185, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Allman D, Lindsley RC, DeMuth W, Rudd K, Shinton SA, Hardy RR. Resolution of three nonproliferative immature splenic B cell subsets reveals multiple selection points during peripheral B cell maturation. J Immunol 2001; 167:6834-40. [PMID: 11739500 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.12.6834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although immature/transitional peripheral B cells may remain susceptible to selection pressures before full maturation, the nature and timing of these selection events remain unclear. We show that correlated expression of surface (s) IgM (sIgM), CD23, and AA4 defines three nonproliferative subpopulations of immature/transitional peripheral B cells. We designate these populations transitional (T) 1 (AA4(+)CD23(-)sIgM(high)), T2 (AA4(+)CD23(+)sIgM(high)), and T3 (AA4(+)CD23(+)sIgM(low)). Cells within all three subsets are functionally immature as judged by their failure to proliferate following sIgM cross-linking in vitro, and their rapid rate of turnover in vivo as assessed by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine labeling. These labeling studies also reveal measurable cell loss at both the T1-T2 and T2-T3 transitions, suggesting the existence of multiple selection points within the peripheral immature B cell pool. Furthermore, we find that Btk-deficient (xid) mice exhibit an incomplete developmental block at the T2-T3 transition within the immature B cell pool. This contrasts markedly with lyn(-/-) mice, which exhibit depressed numbers but normal ratios of each immature peripheral B cell subset and severely reduced numbers of mature B cells. Together, these data provide evidence for multiple selection points among immature peripheral B cells, suggesting that the B cell repertoire is shaped by multiple unique selection events that occur within the immature/transitional peripheral B cell pool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Allman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
B cells and dendritic cells (DCs) each develop from poorly described progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM). Although a subset of DCs has been proposed to arise from lymphoid progenitors, a common developmental pathway for B cells and BM-derived DCs has not been clearly identified. To address this possibility, we performed a comprehensive analysis of DC differentiative potential among lymphoid and B lymphoid progenitor populations in adult mouse BM. We found that both the common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs), shown here and elsewhere to give rise exclusively to lymphocytes, and a down-stream early B-lineage precursor population devoid of T and NK cell precursor potential each give rise to DCs when exposed to the appropriate cytokines. This result contrasts with more mature B-lineage precursors, all of which failed to give rise to detectable numbers of DCs. Significantly, both CLP and early B-lineage-derived DCs acquired several surface markers associated with functional DCs, and CLP-derived DCs readily induced proliferation of allogeneic CD4(+) T cells. Surprisingly, however, DC differentiation from both lymphoid-restricted progenitors was accompanied by up-regulation of CD11b expression, a cell surface molecule normally restricted to myeloid lineage cells including putative myeloid DCs. Together, these data demonstrate that loss of DC developmental potential is the final step in B-lineage commitment and thus reveals a previously unrecognized link between early B cell and DC ontogeny.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Izon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Conrad J, Niu L, Rudd K, Lane BG, Ofengand J. 16S ribosomal RNA pseudouridine synthase RsuA of Escherichia coli: deletion, mutation of the conserved Asp102 residue, and sequence comparison among all other pseudouridine synthases. RNA 1999; 5:751-63. [PMID: 10376875 PMCID: PMC1369802 DOI: 10.1017/s1355838299990167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The gene for RsuA, the pseudouridine synthase that converts U516 to pseudouridine in 16S ribosomal RNA of Escherichia coli, has been deleted in strains MG1655 and BL21/DE3. Deletion of this gene resulted in the specific loss of pseudouridine516 in both cell lines, and replacement of the gene in trans on a plasmid restored the pseudouridine. Therefore, rsuA is the only gene in E. coli with the ability to produce a protein capable of forming pseudouridine516. There was no effect on the growth rate of rsuA- MG1655 either in rich or minimal medium at either 24, 37, or 42 degrees C. Plasmid rescue of the BL21/DE3 rsuA- strain using pET15b containing an rsuA gene with aspartate102 replaced by asparagine or threonine demonstrated that neither mutant was active in vivo. This result supports a role for this aspartate, located in a unique GRLD sequence in this gene, at the catalytic center of the synthase. Induction of wild-type and the two mutant synthases in strain BL21/DE3 from genes in pET15b yielded a strong overexpression of all three proteins in approximately equal amounts showing that the mutations did not affect production of the protein in vivo and thus that the lack of activity was not due to a failure to produce a gene product. Aspartate102 is found in a conserved motif present in many pseudouridine synthases. The conservation and distribution of this motif in nature was assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Conrad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida 33101, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rudd K. What I expect from a commercial laboratory. J Dent Technol 1998; 15:43. [PMID: 10337282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
|
14
|
Abstract
Rifampin, an antibiotic which is known to bind to and inhibit RNA polymerase, was used to probe the molecular regulation of development in Myxococcus xanthus. Rifampin-resistant mutants were screened for defects in fruiting-body formation. About 20% of the isolates in the initial screenings showed major defects in developmental aggregation or sporulation. Eleven independent mutants with wild-type growth rates and stable phenotypes were analyzed by transduction. In these strains, the rifampin-resistant and nonfruiting phenotypes showed cotransduction frequencies equal to or greater than 99.0 to 99.9%. The RNA polymerase activities were resistant to rifampin in vitro, indicating that the RNA polymerase is altered in these strains. Although their fruiting phenotypes are heterogeneous, these strains can be divided into two classes based on the level of aggregation. The results suggest that RNA polymerase plays a significant role in the regulation of development in M. xanthus since mutations which cause no apparent changes in vegetative growth result in striking defects in fruiting-body formation.
Collapse
|