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Amarah A, Elsabagh AA, Ouda A, Karen O, Ferih K, Elmakaty I, Malki MI. Emerging roles of activating transcription factor 2 in the development of breast cancer: a comprehensive review. Precis Clin Med 2023; 6:pbad028. [PMID: 37955015 PMCID: PMC10639104 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA binding proteins that are responsible for regulating various genes that play an essential role in major biological and cellular functions. Since ATF2 plays a vital role in cellular proliferation and apoptosis, it is believed that it greatly affects the development of breast cancers. However, its exact role in breast cancer is incompletely understood. It remains a subject of debate, ambiguity, and continuous research. Several studies have suggested the role of ATF2 as an oncogene, promoting cellular proliferation and worsening the outcome of cancers. In contrast, other studies have postulated that ATF2 plays a tumor suppressive role in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. The ambiguity surrounding its role in breast cancer is the reason why there is an influx of recent studies and research in this area. In this narrative review, we investigate several studies that have been published about the role of ATF2 in breast cancer. We also explore studies that have examined the association between ATF2 and endocrine therapy resistance. ATF2 has been suggested to modulate estrogen receptor (ER) expression and activity, potentially affecting tamoxifen sensitivity in breast cancer cells. Therefore, the role of ATF2 in DNA repair mechanisms and drug resistance has been deeply explored in this review. Additionally, there are numerous ongoing clinical trials exploring the effect of targeting ATF2 pathways and mechanisms on the outcome of breast cancers, some of which we have discussed. The studies and clinical trials that are being conducted to understand the multifaceted role of ATF2 and its signaling pathways may provide valuable insight for developing efficient targeted therapeutic solutions to enhance the outcomes of breast cancer and overcome endocrine resistance. We suggest further research to elucidate the dual roles of ATF2 in breast cancer and potential therapeutic therapies for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Amarah
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Adel Elsabagh
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amr Ouda
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar Karen
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaled Ferih
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ibrahim Elmakaty
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Imad Malki
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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Bibi Z, Nawaz AD, Al Kurbi M, Fakhroo S, Ferih K, Al-Jaber N, Alex M, Elawad KH, Chivese T, Zughaier SM. Real-World Effectiveness of the Varicella Vaccine among Children and Adolescents in Qatar: A Case-Control Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1567. [PMID: 37896970 PMCID: PMC10611158 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the availability of a highly efficacious vaccine, varicella outbreaks are still being reported globally. In this study, we evaluated the real-world effectiveness of varicella vaccination among children between the ages of 1 and 18 years old during the period 2017 to 2019 in Qatar. METHODS A matched case-control study was conducted that included all reported varicella-infected children who visited the primary healthcare system in Qatar from January 2017 to December 2019. The cases were children under the age of 18 years who were clinically diagnosed with varicella. The controls were of the same age, who visited the Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC) during 2017-2019 with a skin rash where varicella infection was ruled out. The data on varicella vaccination for each participant were obtained from the electronic database in the PHCC during the study period. RESULTS We included 862 cases of varicella and 5454 matched controls, with a median age of 8 years (IQR 3-12); 47.4% were female and almost 50% were of Qatari nationality. The year 2019 had the highest varicella infection count with a total of 416 cases. The cases were less likely to be vaccinated against varicella, with approximately a quarter (25.6%) of cases and 36.7% of the controls having either one or two doses of the vaccine (p < 0.001). Compared to not being vaccinated, a single dose vaccination showed a 56% reduction in the odds of varicella infection [OR 0.44, 95% CI: 0.34-0.55; p < 0.000], and a two-dose vaccination showed an 86% reduction in the odds of varicella infection [OR 0.13, 95% CI: 0.06-0.29; p < 0.000]. CONCLUSION In this multicultural setting, a two-dose varicella vaccination shows reasonable protection against varicella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bibi
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (Z.B.)
| | - Ahmed Daniyal Nawaz
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (Z.B.)
| | - Maha Al Kurbi
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (Z.B.)
| | - Shahad Fakhroo
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (Z.B.)
| | - Khaled Ferih
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (Z.B.)
| | - Noor Al-Jaber
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (Z.B.)
| | - Merin Alex
- Health Protection, Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Doha P.O. Box 26555, Qatar
| | - Khalid H. Elawad
- Health Protection, Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Doha P.O. Box 26555, Qatar
| | - Tawanda Chivese
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (Z.B.)
| | - Susu M. Zughaier
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (Z.B.)
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Elsabagh AA, Elhadary M, Elsayed B, Elshoeibi AM, Ferih K, Kaddoura R, Alkindi S, Alshurafa A, Alrasheed M, Alzayed A, Al-Abdulmalek A, Altooq JA, Yassin M. Artificial intelligence in sickle disease. Blood Rev 2023; 61:101102. [PMID: 37355428 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly becoming an established arm in medical sciences and clinical practice in numerous medical fields. Its implications have been rising and are being widely used in research, diagnostics, and treatment options for many pathologies, including sickle cell disease (SCD). AI has started new ways to improve risk stratification and diagnosing SCD complications early, allowing rapid intervention and reallocation of resources to high-risk patients. We reviewed the literature for established and new AI applications that may enhance management of SCD through advancements in diagnosing SCD and its complications, risk stratification, and the effect of AI in establishing an individualized approach in managing SCD patients in the future. Aim: to review the benefits and drawbacks of resources utilizing AI in clinical practice for improving the management for SCD cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Basel Elsayed
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Khaled Ferih
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rasha Kaddoura
- Pharmacy Department, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Salam Alkindi
- Professor of Hematology, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
| | - Awni Alshurafa
- Department of Hematology, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Mona Alrasheed
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Aladnan Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait
| | | | | | | | - Mohamed Yassin
- Hematology Section, Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar.
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Khalil SK, Saeed L, Fadul A, Elawad MF, Ferih K. DVT as the Initial Presentation of Multiple Myeloma: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e42600. [PMID: 37644932 PMCID: PMC10461026 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma patients are recognized to have a higher risk of venous thrombosis. The cause of this could be attributed to several risk factors, such as circulating prothrombotic microparticles, disease-specific variables, and alterations in coagulation and fibrinolysis factors. Recent research has revealed that these individuals also experience greater arterial thrombosis, including acute myocardial infarction and stroke. In this case report, we present the clinical profile and management of a 42-year-old patient who presented with signs and symptoms of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and was diagnosed with multiple myeloma. The aim of this case report is to highlight a rare clinical presentation and diagnostic workup in a patient with multiple myeloma. Additionally, we discuss the possible factors provoking the development of DVT as a first presentation before treatment initiation and their possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondos K Khalil
- Internal Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT
| | - Leena Saeed
- Internal Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT
| | - Abdalla Fadul
- Internal Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT
| | | | - Khaled Ferih
- Medicine, College of Medicine Qatar University, Doha, QAT
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Ferih K, Elsayed B, Elshoeibi AM, Elsabagh AA, Elhadary M, Soliman A, Abdalgayoom M, Yassin M. Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Thalassemia: A Comprehensive Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13091551. [PMID: 37174943 PMCID: PMC10177591 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13091551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects the beta or alpha subunits of the hemoglobin structure. Thalassemia is classified as a hypochromic microcytic anemia and a definitive diagnosis of thalassemia is made by genetic testing of the alpha and beta genes. Thalassemia carries similar features to the other diseases that lead to microcytic hypochromic anemia, particularly iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Therefore, distinguishing between thalassemia and other causes of microcytic anemia is important to help in the treatment of the patients. Different indices and algorithms are used based on the complete blood count (CBC) parameters to diagnose thalassemia. In this article, we review how effective artificial intelligence is in aiding in the diagnosis and classification of thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Ferih
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Basel Elsayed
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Amgad M Elshoeibi
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Ahmed A Elsabagh
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Elhadary
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Ashraf Soliman
- Hematology Section, Pediatrics Department, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Abdalgayoom
- Hematology Section, Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Yassin
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Hematology Section, Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
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Elhadary M, Elsabagh AA, Ferih K, Elsayed B, Elshoeibi AM, Kaddoura R, Akiki S, Ahmed K, Yassin M. Applications of Machine Learning in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071330. [PMID: 37046547 PMCID: PMC10093579 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by dysregulated growth and the proliferation of myeloid cells in the bone marrow caused by the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. Clinically, CML demonstrates an increased production of mature and maturing granulocytes, mainly neutrophils. When a patient is suspected to have CML, peripheral blood smears and bone marrow biopsies may be manually examined by a hematologist. However, confirmatory testing for the BCR-ABL1 gene is still needed to confirm the diagnosis. Despite tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) being the mainstay of treatment for patients with CML, different agents should be used in different patients given their stage of disease and comorbidities. Moreover, some patients do not respond well to certain agents and some need more aggressive courses of therapy. Given the innovations and development that machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) have undergone over the years, multiple models and algorithms have been put forward to help in the assessment and treatment of CML. In this review, we summarize the recent studies utilizing ML algorithms in patients with CML. The search was conducted on the PubMed/Medline and Embase databases and yielded 66 full-text articles and abstracts, out of which 11 studies were included after screening against the inclusion criteria. The studies included show potential for the clinical implementation of ML models in the diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment processes of patients with CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elhadary
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | | | - Khaled Ferih
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Basel Elsayed
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | | | - Rasha Kaddoura
- Pharmacy Department, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Susanna Akiki
- Diagnostic Genomic Division, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Khalid Ahmed
- Department of Hematology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Yassin
- Hematology Section, Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha 3050, Qatar
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Zaqout S, Mannaa A, Klein O, Krajewski A, Klose J, Luise-Becker L, Elsabagh A, Ferih K, Kraemer N, Ravindran E, Makridis K, Kaindl AM. Proteome changes in autosomal recessive primary microcephaly. Ann Hum Genet 2023; 87:50-62. [PMID: 36448252 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a rare and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by intellectual disability and microcephaly at birth, classically without further organ involvement. MCPH3 is caused by biallelic variants in the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 2 gene CDK5RAP2. In the corresponding Cdk5rap2 mutant or Hertwig's anemia mouse model, congenital microcephaly as well as defects in the hematopoietic system, germ cells and eyes have been reported. The reduction in brain volume, particularly affecting gray matter, has been attributed mainly to disturbances in the proliferation and survival of early neuronal progenitors. In addition, defects in dendritic development and synaptogenesis exist that affect the excitation-inhibition balance. Here, we studied proteomic changes in cerebral cortices of Cdk5rap2 mutant mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used large-gel two-dimensional gel (2-DE) electrophoresis to separate cortical proteins. 2-DE gels were visualized by a trained observer on a light box. Spot changes were considered with respect to presence/absence, quantitative variation and altered mobility. RESULT We identified a reduction in more than 30 proteins that play a role in processes such as cell cytoskeleton dynamics, cell cycle progression, ciliary functions and apoptosis. These proteome changes in the MCPH3 model can be associated with various functional and morphological alterations of the developing brain. CONCLUSION Our results shed light on potential protein candidates for the disease-associated phenotype reported in MCPH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Zaqout
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Atef Mannaa
- Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, New Borg AlArab City, Alexandria, Egypt.,Inserm U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire & Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Oliver Klein
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies BCRT, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Krajewski
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies BCRT, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Klose
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Institute of Human Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Luise-Becker
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahmed Elsabagh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaled Ferih
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nadine Kraemer
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ethiraj Ravindran
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin Makridis
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela M Kaindl
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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