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Mopuri R, Welbourn S, Charles T, Ralli-Jain P, Rosales D, Burton S, Aftab A, Karunakaran K, Pellegrini K, Kilembe W, Karita E, Gnanakaran S, Upadhyay AA, Bosinger SE, Derdeyn CA. High throughput analysis of B cell dynamics and neutralizing antibody development during immunization with a novel clade C HIV-1 envelope. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011717. [PMID: 37878666 PMCID: PMC10627474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A protective HIV-1 vaccine has been hampered by a limited understanding of how B cells acquire neutralizing activity. Our previous vaccines expressing two different HIV-1 envelopes elicited robust antigen specific serum IgG titers in 20 rhesus macaques; yet serum from only two animals neutralized the autologous virus. Here, we used high throughput immunoglobulin receptor and single cell RNA sequencing to characterize the overall expansion, recall, and maturation of antigen specific B cells longitudinally over 90 weeks. Diversification and expansion of many B cell clonotypes occurred broadly in the absence of serum neutralization. However, in one animal that developed neutralization, two neutralizing B cell clonotypes arose from the same immunoglobulin germline and were tracked longitudinally. Early antibody variants with high identity to germline neutralized the autologous virus while later variants acquired somatic hypermutation and increased neutralization potency. The early engagement of precursors capable of neutralization with little to no SHM followed by prolonged affinity maturation allowed the two neutralizing lineages to successfully persist despite many other antigen specific B cells. The findings provide new insight into B cells responding to HIV-1 envelope during heterologous prime and boost immunization in rhesus macaques and the development of selected autologous neutralizing antibody lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Mopuri
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sarah Welbourn
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tysheena Charles
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Pooja Ralli-Jain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David Rosales
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Samantha Burton
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Areeb Aftab
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kirti Karunakaran
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Pellegrini
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | | | - Sandrasegaram Gnanakaran
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Amit A. Upadhyay
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cynthia A. Derdeyn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Infectious Diseases and Translational Medicine Unit, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Maruthupandian D, Karunakaran K, Arul V. Right non recurrent laryngeal nerve associated with anomalous origin of right subclavian artery and a bicarotid trunk. Bangladesh J Med Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v15i3.22989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Non recurrent laryngeal nerve is a rare anatomical variation with an incidence in literature of 0.3 % to 1.6 % on the right side. This variation places the nerve at risk of inadvertent injury during head and neck surgeries. Awareness about this abnormality and meticulous dissection of the nerve in every case is the only way to stay safeguarded. Here we present a case of right non recurrent laryngeal nerve in a 32 years old female patient who underwent near total thyroidectomy for nontoxic multi nodular goitre. During surgery, the right recurrent laryngeal nerve could not be identified in its normal location. Further dissection revealed a non recurrent laryngeal nerve arising from the vagal trunk. A CT angiogram was done post operatively and showed an anomalous origin of the right subclavian artery as the last branch of the aortic arch and a bi-carotid trunk. Every surgeon operating on the neck should be aware of and anticipate this variation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve especially when the nerve cannot be identified in the normal location.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(3) 2016 p.485-487
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Karunakaran K, Marudhupandian D, Ganesan R, Gobinath M. Anamolous course of right common carotid artery in a case of papillary carcinoma thyroid. Indian J Surg 2014; 75:145-6. [PMID: 24426411 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-012-0440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anamolous Course of Carotid Artery is one of the rarest of the rare anamoly, we describe one such case of anamolous Course of Right Common Carotid Artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Karunakaran
- Department of General Surgery, Madurai Medical College & Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai, 625 020 Tamil Nadu India
| | - D Marudhupandian
- Department of General Surgery, Madurai Medical College & Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai, 625 020 Tamil Nadu India
| | - R Ganesan
- Department of General Surgery, Madurai Medical College & Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai, 625 020 Tamil Nadu India
| | - M Gobinath
- Department of General Surgery, Madurai Medical College & Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai, 625 020 Tamil Nadu India
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Raja M, Karunakaran K. Kinetics and Mechanism of meso
-Tetraphenyl-porphyriniron (III) Chloride Catalyzed Oxidation of Aniline and Its Substituents by Oxone in Aqueous Acetic Acid Medium. INT J CHEM KINET 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Raja
- Department of Chemistry; Sona College of Technology; Salem 636 005 India
| | - K. Karunakaran
- Department of Chemistry; Sona College of Technology; Salem 636 005 India
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Venkatesh R, Karunakaran K. Kinetic Investigation of Oxidation of Aromatic Anils by Potassium Peroxymonosulfate in Aqueous Acidic Medium. INT J CHEM KINET 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Venkatesh
- Department of Chemistry; Sona College of Technology (Autonomous); Salem 636 005 India
| | - K. Karunakaran
- Department of Chemistry; Sona College of Technology (Autonomous); Salem 636 005 India
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Prasad BD, Yarramma A, Reddy P, Murthy KK, Reddy R, Babu AAG, Karunakaran K, Lingampally S. SU-E-J-51: Effect of Exactrac 6D Correction On Dose for SRT Patients with IR Body Markers. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Navaneethan G, Karunakaran K, Elango KP. Development and application of stability-indicating HPLC method for the determination of nevirapine and its impurity in combination drug product. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.24.2012.4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Karunakaran K, Navaneethan G, Elango KP. Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol, Tramadol HCl and Domperidone in a Combined Dosage Form. TROP J PHARM RES 2012. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v11i1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Abstract
Paget's disease (PD) is a chronic progressive disease of the bone characterized by abnormal bone resorption and deposition affecting either single bone (monostotic) or many bones (polyostotic) with uncertain etiology. We report a case of isolated mandibular involvement in a 65-year-old female patient, clinically asymptomatic with abnormally increased alkaline phosphatase level (1 368.1 U/l). Although prevalence of PD is common in western countries, but rare in Asian chapter, that too isolated mandibular involvement, considering this fact, we report this case of PD for documentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Karunakaran
- Department of Oral Pathology, J. K. K. Nataraja Dental College and Hospital, Komarapalayam, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Murugesan
- Department of Bio-Chemistry, J. K. K. Nataraja Dental College and Hospital, Komarapalayam, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Rajeshwar
- Department of Oral Pathology, J. K. K. Nataraja Dental College and Hospital, Komarapalayam, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sharlenesara Babu
- Department of Oral Pathology, J. K. K. Nataraja Dental College and Hospital, Komarapalayam, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
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Thamilarasu P, Karunakaran K. Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies on removal of Cr(VI) by activated carbon prepared fromRicinus communisseed shell. CAN J CHEM ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.20675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Karunakaran K, Navaneethan G, Elango KP. Development of a New RP-UPLC Method for the Determination of Rabeprazole Sodium in Pharmaceutical Formulation and Application in Dissolution Studies. TROP J PHARM RES 2011. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v10i5.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Thamilarasu P, Karunakaran K. Removal of Ni (II) from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto Ricinus communis seed shell activated carbons. J Environ Sci Eng 2011; 53:7-14. [PMID: 22324139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption studies on the removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solution using Ricinus communis seed shells activated carbon and polypyrrole coated Ricinus communis seed shells activated carbon were carried out under various experimental conditions. The effects of various process parameters have been investigated by following the batch adsorption technique. Adsorption data was modeled with Freundlich, Langmuir and tempkin adsorption isotherms. Thermodynamics parameters such as DeltaH0, DeltaS0, and DeltaG0 were calculated indicating that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic nature. A mechanism, involving intra particle diffusion and surface adsorption, has been proposed for the adsorption of Ni(II) onto the adsorbent. Adsorbent used in this study is characterized by FTIR and SEM before and after the adsorption of metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Thamilarasu
- Department of Chemistry, AMS Engineering College, Namakkal--637 013, India
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Senbagavalli P, Geetha S, Karunakaran K, Banu Rekha V, Venkatesan P, Ramanathan V. Reduced erythrocyte CR1 levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is an acquired phenomenon. Clin Immunol 2008; 128:109-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kolappan C, Subramani R, Karunakaran K, Narayanan PR. Mortality of tuberculosis patients in Chennai, India. Bull World Health Organ 2006; 84:555-60. [PMID: 16878229 PMCID: PMC2627396 DOI: 10.2471/blt.05.022087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2005] [Accepted: 06/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to measure the mortality rate and excess general mortality as well as identify groups at high risk for mortality among a cohort of tuberculosis patients treated in Chennai Corporation clinics in south India. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study we followed up 2674 patients (1800 males and 874 females) who were registered and treated under the DOTS strategy in Chennai Corporation clinics in 2000. The follow-up period from the date of start of treatment to either the date of interview, or death was 600 days. FINDINGS The mortality rate among this cohort of tuberculosis patients was 60/1000 person-years. The excess general mortality expressed as standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 6.1 (95% confidence interval (CI)=5.4-6.9). Younger patients, men, patients with Category II disease, patients who defaulted on, or failed courses of treatment, and male smokers who were alcoholics, all had higher mortality ratios when compared to the rest of the cohort. CONCLUSION The excess mortality in this cohort was six times more than that in the general population. Young age, male sex, smear-positivity, treatment default, treatment failure and the combination of smoking and alcoholism were identified as risk factors for tuberculosis mortality. We suggest that mortality rate and excess mortality be routinely used as a monitoring tool for evaluating the efficiency of the national control programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kolappan
- Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Tamilnadu, India.
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Karunakaran K, Elango KP. Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of (arylthio)acetic acids by pyridinium hydrobromide perbromide. J PHYS ORG CHEM 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.610080607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
Sera samples of 400 apparently healthy broiler poultry from 23 commercial farms and 120 sera samples from commercial layer poultry [with specific lesions of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in the internal organs] were screened for the presence of IBD serotypes I, II and the variant strain by the agar gel immuno diffusion (AGID) test, employing standard antigens. Likewise the bursae, spleen and kidney specimen from 96 layer poultry with lesions suggestive of IBD were screened for the presence of IBD antigens employing standard antisera by the AGID test. The study revealed that antibodies to all three strains of IBD virus existed in 73.75% of sera from 400 broilers, while only serotype II antigen was detectable in tissues of the 96 layer birds that exhibited characteristic lesions of IBD. It was concluded that the serotype I vaccine did not protect the layer poultry against serotype II infection and the totally unvaccinated broiler poultry had suffered subclinical infection from all the three serotypes of IBD virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Karunakaran
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Madras Veterinary College, India
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Karunakaran K. Voluntary euthanasia and suicide. Singapore Med J 1983; 24:241-2. [PMID: 6648556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Nayak B, Karunakaran K. Studies on the electrodeposition of nickel from a Wattss' bath in the presence of sodium naphthalene-2-sulphonate and acrylamide additives. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00615098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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