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Aftab A, Raina OK, Maxton A, Masih SA. Advances in diagnostic approaches to Fasciola infection in animals and humans: An overviews. J Helminthol 2024; 98:e12. [PMID: 38269544 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x23000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Fasciolosis, caused by Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, is an impediment to the livestock industry’s expansion and has a massively negative socio-economic impact due to its widespread prevalence in livestock. It is a waterborne zoonosis affecting human populations in the countries where rural economies are associated with livestock rearing. Conventional diagnosis of Fasciola infection is done by detecting parasite eggs in the faeces of infected animals or by immunological methods. Accurate and quick immunodiagnosis of Fasciola infection in animals and humans is based on the detection of antibodies and specific antigens expressed in the prepatent stage of the parasite. Both molecular and serodiagnostic tests developed thus far have enhanced the reliability of Fasciola diagnosis in both man and animals but are not widely available in resource-poor nations. A pen-side diagnostic test based on a lateral flow assay or a DNA test like loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) would be simple, fast, and cost-effective, enabling clinicians to treat animals in a targeted manner and avoid the development of drug resistance to the limited flukicides. This review focuses on the recent advances made in the diagnosis of this parasite infection in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aftab
- Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj-211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - O K Raina
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Maxton
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj-211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S A Masih
- Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj-211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Mopuri R, Welbourn S, Charles T, Ralli-Jain P, Rosales D, Burton S, Aftab A, Karunakaran K, Pellegrini K, Kilembe W, Karita E, Gnanakaran S, Upadhyay AA, Bosinger SE, Derdeyn CA. High throughput analysis of B cell dynamics and neutralizing antibody development during immunization with a novel clade C HIV-1 envelope. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011717. [PMID: 37878666 PMCID: PMC10627474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A protective HIV-1 vaccine has been hampered by a limited understanding of how B cells acquire neutralizing activity. Our previous vaccines expressing two different HIV-1 envelopes elicited robust antigen specific serum IgG titers in 20 rhesus macaques; yet serum from only two animals neutralized the autologous virus. Here, we used high throughput immunoglobulin receptor and single cell RNA sequencing to characterize the overall expansion, recall, and maturation of antigen specific B cells longitudinally over 90 weeks. Diversification and expansion of many B cell clonotypes occurred broadly in the absence of serum neutralization. However, in one animal that developed neutralization, two neutralizing B cell clonotypes arose from the same immunoglobulin germline and were tracked longitudinally. Early antibody variants with high identity to germline neutralized the autologous virus while later variants acquired somatic hypermutation and increased neutralization potency. The early engagement of precursors capable of neutralization with little to no SHM followed by prolonged affinity maturation allowed the two neutralizing lineages to successfully persist despite many other antigen specific B cells. The findings provide new insight into B cells responding to HIV-1 envelope during heterologous prime and boost immunization in rhesus macaques and the development of selected autologous neutralizing antibody lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Mopuri
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sarah Welbourn
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tysheena Charles
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Pooja Ralli-Jain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David Rosales
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Samantha Burton
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Areeb Aftab
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kirti Karunakaran
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Pellegrini
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | | | - Sandrasegaram Gnanakaran
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Amit A. Upadhyay
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cynthia A. Derdeyn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Infectious Diseases and Translational Medicine Unit, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Lam J, Aftab A, Lee E, Jeste D. Subjective age and positive psychiatry: Identifying the positive characteristics associated with successful aging. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9565994 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
For older adults, feeling subjectively younger is associated with improvements in cognition, subjective well-being and depressive symptoms. Positive psychiatry is the field that focuses on patient strengths and the promotion of positive outcomes, rather than just mitigation of illness. Younger subjective age may be a useful measure of successful aging, but little is known about how subjective age is associated with positive psychosocial characteristics.
Objectives
Our objective is to characterize how subjective age is related validated positive psychosocial measures, with the goal of better understanding the determinants of successful aging.
Methods
The Successful Aging Evaluation (SAGE) longitudinal study recruited over 1,300 community-dwelling residents of San Diego County, CA, from age 21 to over 100. A single-item question asked “How old/young do you feel?” We used spearman correlations to assess the relationship between subjective age and validated positive psychosocial scales such as the Self-Rated Successful Aging, Life Orientation Test, Personal Mastery Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Adult Hope Scale, and Social Support Index.
Results
Mean chronological age was 65.5, and mean subjective age was 53.6. Mean age discrepancy was 11.5 years. Younger subjective age was positively associated with most of the positive psychosocial characteristics measured, including self-rated successful aging, optimism, personal mastery, resilience, curiosity, hope, and social support.
Conclusions
There is a growing movement within psychiatry to understand the positive characteristics that lead to successful aging. This is one of the first studies demonstrating younger age identities are associated with positive psychosocial characteristics and successful aging.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
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Olagunju AT, Morgan JA, Aftab A, Gatchel JR, Chen P, Dols A, Sajatovic M, Regenold WT. A Review of the Evidence Base for Nutrition and Nutritional Supplements in Older Adults with Bipolar Disorder: A report from the OABD task force. J Frailty Aging 2021; 10:241-246. [PMID: 34105708 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2020.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To better understand the role of nutrition in older adults (aged 50 years or older) with bipolar disorders (OABD), we conducted a systematic review of the literature and appraise existing evidence. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched databases including Medline/PubMed, PsychINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Register, FDA website, and clinical trial registries through 2019 for eligible reports. The search string combined MeSH terms for bipolar disorder, nutrition and older adults. This was supplemented by snowball searching of references in relevant studies and authors were contacted to request their work where necessary. All included studies were rated with the National Institutes of Health Study Quality Assessment Tools based on study designs. RESULTS Of 2280 papers screened, ten studies including eight observational and two interventional studies. The topic foci of the papers examined several nutrients, (including vitamin B12, vitamin D, coenzyme Q10, homocysteine, and folate), nutritional deficiencies and biochemical correlates. The prevalence rates of deficiencies varied with specific nutrients (3.7% to 71.6% for Vitamin B12 and 34.6% for Vitamin D), and between inpatient versus outpatient populations. While nutritional interventions appeared to be associated with improvement in both affective and cognitive outcomes, the sample sizes of OABD varied and were generally small. CONCLUSION While there is evidence for the benefits of nutritional interventions on affective, cognitive and overall outcome in OABD, the quality of the evidence is limited. Our findings underscore the need for high quality studies to inform evidence-based guidelines for nutritional assessment and supplemention in OABD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Olagunju
- Andrew T. Olagunju, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University/St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7 Canada,
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Affiliation(s)
- F H See
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Y Goh
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - C-H Sia
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - B Y-Q Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - L L-L Yeo
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Vijayan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - A Aftab
- Division of Neurology, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore
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UMAIR F, Aftab A, Amin I, Muhammad Dalia R. SUN-248 USE OF VERY LOW DOSE UNFRACTIONATED HEPARIN IN MODERATE TO HIGH RISK MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS. Kidney Int Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.02.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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UMAIR F, Abar Ali A, Aftab A. SUN-435 GOOD PASTURE DISEASE: A RARE HAPPY ENDING. Kidney Int Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.02.975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Ismail AR, Sulaiman WRW, Jaafar MZ, Aftab A, Razi AA, Ibupoto ZH. The application of MWCNT to enhance the rheological behavior of drilling fluids at high temperature. Mal J Fund Appl Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v12n3.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Drilling fluid is the key component to drill oil and gas wells. The rheological behavior of drilling fluid will be affected when drilling deep wells especially at high temperature and high pressure reservoir. This research was conducted to study the effect of the nanoparticles over the rheological properties of the drilling fluid when aging at high temperature condition. Several drilling fluids were prepared using synthetic based fluids (Sarapar and Saraline) to study the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) at different concentrations. The rheological properties of drilling fluid were analyzed after aging at 250 °F and 350 °F for 16 hours. The results revealed that the addition of MWCNT improved the 10-sec gel strength by 33% and filtrate loss volume was reduced to 10% after aging at 250°F in Saraline drilling fluid. Moreover, the plastic viscosity of Saraline and Sarapar drilling fluid after addition of MWCNT was enhanced by 6% and 27% at 350 °F. Filtrate loss volume of Sarapar drilling fluid was reduced by 19 % after aging at 250 °F for 16 hours. The overall results showed that the addition of MWCNT into the drilling fluid have slightly improved the rheological properties of drilling fluids under high temperature conditions.
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Aftab A. A comparison of transcatheter aortic valve implantation against conventional therapies in the treatment of severe aortic stenosis in risk patients. Int J Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.08.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Najmi AK, Pillai KK, Pal SN, Akhtar M, Mujeeb M, Aftab A. Neuropharmacological safety evaluation of jigrine: A polyherbal hepatoprotective formulation. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2011; 2:329-32. [PMID: 21180466 PMCID: PMC2996071 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.72134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Jigrine is a herbal hepatoprotective formulation containing aqueous extracts of 14 medicinal plants. Present study was designed to evaluate per se neuropharmacological effects of jigrine in mice. Materials and Methods Jigrine was evaluated in a number of pharmacological test paradigms, viz. open field arena, actophotometer, hole board, rotarod, traction test, grip strength test, spontaneous alternation behavior, passive avoidance task, and phenobarbital sleeping time. Results and Conclusions Jigrine pretreatment (1 and 2 ml/kg, p.o.) did not produce any significant effect as compared to normal saline treated animals and was found to be free from any acute undesirable central effects at these two dose levels.
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Groarke JD, Gallagher J, Stack J, Aftab A, Dwyer C, McGovern R, Courtney G. Use of an admission early warning score to predict patient morbidity and mortality and treatment success. Emerg Med J 2008; 25:803-6. [DOI: 10.1136/emj.2007.051425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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