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Fusade-Boyer M, Djegui F, Batawui K, Byuragaba DK, Jones JC, Wabwire-Mangeni F, Erima B, Atim G, Ukuli QA, Tugume T, Dogno K, Adjabli K, Nzuzi M, Adjin R, Jeevan T, Rubrum A, Go-Maro W, Kayali G, McKenzie P, Webby RJ, Ducatez MF. Antigenic and molecular characterization of low pathogenic avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses in sub-Saharan Africa from 2017 through 2019. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:753-761. [PMID: 33754959 PMCID: PMC8057090 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1908097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa was historically considered an animal influenza cold spot, with only sporadic highly pathogenic H5 outbreaks detected over the last 20 years. However, in 2017, low pathogenic avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses were detected in poultry in Sub-Saharan Africa. Molecular, phylogenetic, and antigenic characterization of isolates from Benin, Togo, and Uganda showed that they belonged to the G1 lineage. Isolates from Benin and Togo clustered with viruses previously described in Western Africa, whereas viruses from Uganda were genetically distant and clustered with viruses from the Middle East. Viruses from Benin exhibited decreased cross-reactivity with those from Togo and Uganda, suggesting antigenic drift associated with reduced replication in Calu-3 cells. The viruses exhibited mammalian adaptation markers similar to those of the human strain A/Senegal/0243/2019 (H9N2). Therefore, viral genetic and antigenic surveillance in Africa is of paramount importance to detect further evolution or emergence of new zoonotic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jeremy C. Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Bernard Erima
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gladys Atim
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Titus Tugume
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Koffi Dogno
- Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Mvibudulu Nzuzi
- IHAP, UMR1225, Université de Toulouse, INRAe, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Trushar Jeevan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Adam Rubrum
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Ghazi Kayali
- Human Link, Hazmieh, Lebanon
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pamela McKenzie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard J. Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Fusade-Boyer M, Pato PS, Komlan M, Dogno K, Jeevan T, Rubrum A, Kouakou CK, Couacy-Hymann E, Batawui D, Go-Maro E, McKenzie P, Webby RJ, Ducatez MF. Evolution of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Poultry, Togo, 2018. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 25:2287-2289. [PMID: 31742528 PMCID: PMC6874233 DOI: 10.3201/eid2512.190054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2015, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses reemerged in poultry in West Africa. We describe the introduction of a reassortant clade 2.3.2.1c virus into Togo in April 2018. Our findings signal further local spread and evolution of these viruses, which could affect animal and human health.
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Fusade-Boyer M, Pato PS, Komlan M, Dogno K, Batawui K, Go-Maro E, McKenzie P, Guinat C, Secula A, Paul M, Webby RJ, Tran A, Waret-Szkuta A, Ducatez MF. Risk Mapping of Influenza D Virus Occurrence in Ruminants and Swine in Togo Using a Spatial Multicriteria Decision Analysis Approach. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020128. [PMID: 31973026 PMCID: PMC7077333 DOI: 10.3390/v12020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza D virus (IDV) has been identified in several continents, with serological evidence for the virus in Africa. In order to improve the sensitivity and cost–benefit of IDV surveillance in Togo, risk maps were drawn using a spatial multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) and experts’ opinion to evaluate the relevance of sampling areas used so far. Areas at highest risk of IDV occurrence were the main cattle markets. The maps were evaluated with previous field surveillance data collected in Togo between 2017 and 2019: 1216 sera from cattle, small ruminants, and swine were screened for antibodies to IDV by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. While further samples collections are needed to validate the maps, the risk maps resulting from the spatial MCDA approach generated here highlight several priority areas for IDV circulation assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Fusade-Boyer
- IHAP, UMR1225, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, 31076 Toulouse, France; (M.F.-B.); (C.G.); (A.S.); (M.P.); (A.W.-S.)
| | - Pidemnéwé S. Pato
- Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire de Lomé, 55788 Lomé, Togo; (P.S.P.); (M.K.); (K.D.); (K.B.); (E.G.-M.)
| | - Mathias Komlan
- Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire de Lomé, 55788 Lomé, Togo; (P.S.P.); (M.K.); (K.D.); (K.B.); (E.G.-M.)
| | - Koffi Dogno
- Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire de Lomé, 55788 Lomé, Togo; (P.S.P.); (M.K.); (K.D.); (K.B.); (E.G.-M.)
| | - Komla Batawui
- Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire de Lomé, 55788 Lomé, Togo; (P.S.P.); (M.K.); (K.D.); (K.B.); (E.G.-M.)
| | - Emilie Go-Maro
- Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire de Lomé, 55788 Lomé, Togo; (P.S.P.); (M.K.); (K.D.); (K.B.); (E.G.-M.)
| | - Pamela McKenzie
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (P.M.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Claire Guinat
- IHAP, UMR1225, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, 31076 Toulouse, France; (M.F.-B.); (C.G.); (A.S.); (M.P.); (A.W.-S.)
| | - Aurélie Secula
- IHAP, UMR1225, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, 31076 Toulouse, France; (M.F.-B.); (C.G.); (A.S.); (M.P.); (A.W.-S.)
| | - Mathilde Paul
- IHAP, UMR1225, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, 31076 Toulouse, France; (M.F.-B.); (C.G.); (A.S.); (M.P.); (A.W.-S.)
| | - Richard J. Webby
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (P.M.); (R.J.W.)
| | | | - Agnès Waret-Szkuta
- IHAP, UMR1225, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, 31076 Toulouse, France; (M.F.-B.); (C.G.); (A.S.); (M.P.); (A.W.-S.)
| | - Mariette F. Ducatez
- IHAP, UMR1225, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, 31076 Toulouse, France; (M.F.-B.); (C.G.); (A.S.); (M.P.); (A.W.-S.)
- Correspondence:
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