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Rabdano S, Ruzanova E, Makarov D, Vertyachikh A, Teplykh V, Rudakov G, Pletyukhina I, Saveliev N, Zakharov K, Alpenidze D, Vasilyuk V, Arakelov S, Skvortsova V. Safety and Immunogenicity of the Convacell ® Recombinant N Protein COVID-19 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:100. [PMID: 38276672 PMCID: PMC10821050 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
We have developed Convacell®-a COVID-19 vaccine based on the recombinant nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2. This paper details Convacell's® combined phase I/II and IIb randomized, double-blind, interventional clinical trials. The primary endpoints were the frequency of adverse effects (AEs) and the titers of specific anti-N IgGs induced by the vaccination; secondary endpoints included the nature of the immune response. Convacell® demonstrated high safety in phase I with no severe AEs detected, 100% seroconversion by day 42 and high and sustained for 350 days anti-N IgG levels in phase II. Convacell® also demonstrated a fused cellular and humoral immune response. Phase IIb results showed significant post-vaccination increases in circulating anti-N IgG and N protein-specific IFNγ+-producing PBMC quantities among 438 volunteers. Convacell® showed same level of immunological efficacy for single and double dose vaccination regimens, including for elderly patients. The clinical studies indicate that Convacell® is safe and highly immunogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevastyan Rabdano
- Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia (SPbSRIVS), St. Petersburg 198320, Russia (I.P.)
| | - Ellina Ruzanova
- Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia (SPbSRIVS), St. Petersburg 198320, Russia (I.P.)
| | - Denis Makarov
- Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia (SPbSRIVS), St. Petersburg 198320, Russia (I.P.)
| | - Anastasiya Vertyachikh
- Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia (SPbSRIVS), St. Petersburg 198320, Russia (I.P.)
| | - Valeriya Teplykh
- Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia (SPbSRIVS), St. Petersburg 198320, Russia (I.P.)
| | - German Rudakov
- Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia (SPbSRIVS), St. Petersburg 198320, Russia (I.P.)
| | - Iuliia Pletyukhina
- Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia (SPbSRIVS), St. Petersburg 198320, Russia (I.P.)
| | - Nikita Saveliev
- Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia (SPbSRIVS), St. Petersburg 198320, Russia (I.P.)
| | | | - Diana Alpenidze
- State Budgetary Health Institution “City Polyclinic No. 117”, St. Petersburg 194358, Russia
| | - Vasiliy Vasilyuk
- Department of Toxicology, Extreme and Diving Medicine, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg 191015, Russia
| | - Sergei Arakelov
- Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia (SPbSRIVS), St. Petersburg 198320, Russia (I.P.)
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Kuvarzin SR, Sukhanov I, Onokhin K, Zakharov K, Gainetdinov RR. Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Ulotaront as a Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 Agonist for Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1977. [PMID: 37509616 PMCID: PMC10377193 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
All antipsychotics currently used in clinic block D2 dopamine receptors. Trace amine-associated receptor 1 is emerging as a new therapeutic target for schizophrenia and several other neuropsychiatric disorders. SEP-363856 (International Nonproprietary Name: Ulotaront) is an investigational antipsychotic drug with a novel mechanism of action that does not involve antagonism of dopamine D2 receptors. Ulotaront is an agonist of trace amine-associated receptor 1 and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors, but can modulate dopamine neurotransmission indirectly. In 2019, the United States Food and Drug Administration granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation for ulotaront for the treatment of schizophrenia. Phase 2 clinical studies indicated that ulotaront can reduce both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia without causing the extrapyramidal or metabolic side effects that are inherent to most currently used antipsychotics. At present, it is in phase 3 clinical development for the treatment of schizophrenia and is expected to be introduced into clinical practice in 2023-2024. Clinical studies evaluating the potential efficacy of ulotaront in Parkinson's disease psychosis, generalized anxiety disorder, and major depressive disorder have also been started. The aim of this scoping review is to summarize all currently available preclinical and clinical evidence on the utility of ulotaront in the treatment of schizophrenia. Here, we show the main characteristics and distinctive features of this drug. Perspectives and limitations on the potential use of ulotaront in the pharmacotherapy of several other neuropsychiatric disorders are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savelii R Kuvarzin
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilya Sukhanov
- Valdman Institute of Pharmacology, Pavlov Medical University, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kirill Onokhin
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Accellena Research and Development Inc., 199106 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Raul R Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg University Hospital, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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3
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Krasavin M, Lukin A, Sukhanov I, Gerasimov AS, Kuvarzin S, Efimova EV, Dorofeikova M, Nichugovskaya A, Matveev A, Onokhin K, Zakharov K, Gureev M, Gainetdinov RR. Discovery of Trace Amine Associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1) Agonist 2-(5-(4′-Chloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethan-1-amine (LK00764) for the Treatment of Psychotic Disorders. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111650. [PMID: 36359001 PMCID: PMC9687812 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A focused in-house library of about 1000 compounds comprising various heterocyclic motifs in combination with structural fragments similar to β-phenylethylamine or tyramine was screened for the agonistic activity towards trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). The screening yielded two closely related hits displaying EC50 values in the upper submicromolar range. Extensive analog synthesis and testing for TAAR1 agonism in a BRET-based cellular assay identified compound 62 (LK00764) with EC50 = 4.0 nM. The compound demonstrated notable efficacy in such schizophrenia-related in vivo tests as MK-801-induced hyperactivity and spontaneous activity in rats, locomotor hyperactivity of dopamine transporter knockout (DAT-KO) rats, and stress-induced hyperthermia (i.p. administration). Further preclinical studies are necessary to evaluate efficacy, safety and tolerability of this potent TAAR1 agonist for the potential development of this compound as a new pharmacotherapy option for schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Krasavin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institute for Medicine and Life Sciences, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (R.R.G.)
| | - Alexey Lukin
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Sukhanov
- Valdman Institute of Pharmacology, Pavlov First Saint Peterburg State Medical University, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey S. Gerasimov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Savelii Kuvarzin
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeniya V. Efimova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mariia Dorofeikova
- Accellena Research and Development Inc., 88A Sredniy pr. V.O., 199106 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Nichugovskaya
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Matveev
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill Onokhin
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Accellena Research and Development Inc., 88A Sredniy pr. V.O., 199106 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Konstantin Zakharov
- Accellena Research and Development Inc., 88A Sredniy pr. V.O., 199106 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maxim Gureev
- Center of Bio- and Chemoinformatics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Raul R. Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (R.R.G.)
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4
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Markina M, Zakharov K, Ovchenkov Y, Pashkov G, Lyssenko K, Berdonosov P, Pchelkina Z, Vasiliev A. Quasi-One-Dimensional Linarite-Type PbCu(SeO 4)(OH) 2 with Competing Nearest-Neighbor and Next-Nearest-Neighbor Intrachain Exchange Interactions. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:7860. [PMID: 36363457 PMCID: PMC9653883 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PbCu(SeO4)(OH)2, the selenate sibling of the mineral linarite, was synthesized hydrothermally, investigated in measurements of magnetization M, specific heat Cp and dielectric permittivity ε, and analyzed within density functional theory formalism. This quasi-one-dimensional compound evidences formation of a short-range correlation regime at T* ~ 8 K and experiences a long-range magnetic order at TN = 4.3 K. A magnetization saturation of approximately 1 µB is reached at µ0Hflip ~ 16 T preceded by a jump at µ0Hflop = 2.4 T. Additionally, there are multiple indicators of the formation of an additional electrically active phase above the Neel temperature, which suggests that PbCu(SeO4)(OH)2 is a multiferroic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Markina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Petr Berdonosov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Zlata Pchelkina
- Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- Institute of Metal Physics, RAS, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia
| | - Alexander Vasiliev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, Moscow 119049, Russia
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5
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Krasavin M, Peshkov AA, Lukin A, Komarova K, Vinogradova L, Smirnova D, Kanov EV, Kuvarzin SR, Murtazina RZ, Efimova EV, Gureev M, Onokhin K, Zakharov K, Gainetdinov RR. Discovery and In Vivo Efficacy of Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1) Agonist 4-(2-Aminoethyl)- N-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide Hydrochloride (AP163) for the Treatment of Psychotic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911579. [PMID: 36232878 PMCID: PMC9569940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting from a screening hit, a set of analogs was synthesized based on a 4-(2-aminoethyl)piperidine core not associated previously with trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) modulation in the literature. Several structure–activity relationship generalizations have been drawn from the observed data, some of which were corroborated by molecular modeling against the crystal structure of TAAR1. The four most active compounds (EC50 for TAAR1 agonistic activity ranging from 0.033 to 0.112 μM) were nominated for evaluation in vivo. The dopamine transporter knockout (DAT-KO) rat model of dopamine-dependent hyperlocomotion was used to evaluate compounds’ efficacy in vivo. Out of four compounds, only one compound (AP163) displayed a statistically significant and dose-dependent reduction in hyperlocomotion in DAT-KO rats. As such, compound AP163 represents a viable lead for further preclinical characterization as a potential novel treatment option for disorders associated with increased dopaminergic function, such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Krasavin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (R.R.G.)
| | - Anatoly A. Peshkov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Alexey Lukin
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Moscow 119454, Russia
| | - Kristina Komarova
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Moscow 119454, Russia
| | - Lyubov Vinogradova
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Moscow 119454, Russia
| | - Daria Smirnova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Evgeny V. Kanov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Savelii R. Kuvarzin
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Ramilya Z. Murtazina
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Evgeniya V. Efimova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Maxim Gureev
- Center of Bio- and Chemoinformatics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Kirill Onokhin
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Konstantin Zakharov
- Accellena Research and Development Inc., 88A Sredniy pr. V.O., Saint Petersburg 199106, Russia
| | - Raul R. Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (R.R.G.)
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6
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Grebenyuk D, Zobel M, Polentarutti M, Ungur L, Kendin M, Zakharov K, Degtyarenko P, Vasiliev A, Tsymbarenko D. A Family of Lanthanide Hydroxo Carboxylates with 1D Polymeric Topology and Ln 4 Butterfly Core Exhibits Switchable Supramolecular Arrangement. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8049-8061. [PMID: 34003006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The unique family of coordination polymers [Ln4(OH)2(piv)10(H2O)2]∞ of 11 lanthanides (Ln = La-Er) has been prepared by a simple solution method based on controlled hydrolysis. The ribbon-like polymeric structure consisting of connected tetranuclear clusters and supported by pivalate ligands and a framework of H-bonds has been revealed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. While the compounds demonstrate similar PXRD patterns and unit cell parameters, the joint single-crystal XRD and pair distribution function data suggest the significant local structure change along the lanthanide series. The compounds exist as two packing polymorphs (α and β) with similar ribbon geometry, but different supramolecular arrangement of the ribbons. Dehydration of either polymorph does not disturb the tetranuclear core but leads to a translational symmetry loss along the ribbon and a transformation of the 3D-ordered crystal into a 2D-ordered mesostructure. Rehydration of the mesostructure leads to the β polymorph (except La and Ce), allowing the deliberate switching between the polymorphs via dehydration-rehydration evidenced by means of powder X-ray diffraction, pair distribution function analysis, and density functional theory calculations. Ab initio calculations reveal significant magnetic anisotropy of Ln3+ ions with ferro- and antiferromagnetic interactions within tetranuclear [Ln4(OH)2(piv)10(H2O)2] species. Magnetic susceptibility measurements demonstrated antiferromagnetic coupling, slow magnetic relaxation for Dy, Ho, and Er complexes, and field-induced single-chain magnetism for the Dy compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirijam Zobel
- Chemistry Department, University Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
| | | | - Liviu Ungur
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Mikhail Kendin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Pavel Degtyarenko
- SuperOx, LLC, Moscow 117246, Russia.,Joint Institute for High Temperature of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - Alexander Vasiliev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.,National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Moscow 119049, Russia
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7
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Zvereva E, Bukhteev K, Evstigneeva M, Komleva E, Raganyan G, Zakharov K, Ovchenkov Y, Kurbakov A, Kuchugura M, Senyshyn A, Streltsov S, Vasiliev A, Nalbandyan V. MnSnTeO 6: A Chiral Antiferromagnet Prepared by a Two-Step Topotactic Transformation. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:1532-1546. [PMID: 31913612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
MnSnTeO6, a new chiral antiferromagnet, was prepared both by topotactic transformation of the metastable rosiaite-type polymorph and by direct synthesis from coprecipitated hydroxides. Its structure and its static and dynamic magnetic properties were studied comprehensively both experimentally (through X-ray and neutron powder diffraction, magnetization, specific heat, dielectric permittivity, and ESR techniques) and theoretically (by means of ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations within the spin-polarized generalized gradient approximation). MnSnTeO6 is isostructural with MnSb2O6 (space group P321) and does not show any structural transition between 3 and 300 K. The magnetic susceptibility and specific heat exhibit an antiferromagnetic ordering at TN ≈ 9.8 K, which is confirmed by low-temperature neutron data. At the same time, the thermodynamic parameters demonstrate an additional anomaly on the temperature dependences of magnetic susceptibility χ(T), specific heat Cp(T) and dielectric permittivity ε(T) at T* ≈ 4.9 K, which is characterized by significant temperature hysteresis. Clear enhancement of the dielectric permittivity at T* is most likely to reflect the coupling of dielectric and magnetic subsystems leading to development of electric polarization. It was established that the ground state of MnSnTeO6 is stabilized by seven exchange parameters, and neutron diffraction revealed incommensurate magnetic structure with propagation vector k = (0, 0, 0.183) analogous to that of MnSb2O6. Ab initio DFT calculations demonstrate that the strongest exchange coupling occurs between planes along diagonals. All exchange parameters are antiferromagnetic and reveal moderate frustration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zvereva
- Faculty of Physics , Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russia.,National Research South Ural State University , Chelyabinsk 454080 , Russia
| | - Kirill Bukhteev
- Faculty of Physics , Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Maria Evstigneeva
- Faculty of Chemistry , Southern Federal University , Rostov-on-Don 344090 , Russia
| | | | - Grigory Raganyan
- Faculty of Physics , Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | | | - Yevgeny Ovchenkov
- Faculty of Physics , Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Alexander Kurbakov
- NRC Kurchatov Institute - PNPI , Gatchina 188300 , Russia.,Faculty of Physics , St. Petersburg University , St. Petersburg 198504 , Russia
| | - Mariia Kuchugura
- NRC Kurchatov Institute - PNPI , Gatchina 188300 , Russia.,Faculty of Physics , St. Petersburg University , St. Petersburg 198504 , Russia
| | - Anatoliy Senyshyn
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum , Technische Universität München , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | - Sergey Streltsov
- Institute of Metal Physics , Ekaterinburg 620990 , Russia.,Ural Federal University , Ekaterinburg 620002 , Russia
| | - Alexander Vasiliev
- Faculty of Physics , Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russia.,National Research South Ural State University , Chelyabinsk 454080 , Russia.,National University of Science and Technology "MISiS" , Moscow 119049 , Russia
| | - Vladimir Nalbandyan
- Faculty of Chemistry , Southern Federal University , Rostov-on-Don 344090 , Russia
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8
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Belogurov A, Zakharov K, Lomakin Y, Surkov K, Avtushenko S, Kruglyakov P, Smirnov I, Makshakov G, Lockshin C, Gregoriadis G, Genkin D, Gabibov A, Evdoshenko E. CD206-Targeted Liposomal Myelin Basic Protein Peptides in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Resistant to First-Line Disease-Modifying Therapies: A First-in-Human, Proof-of-Concept Dose-Escalation Study. Neurotherapeutics 2016; 13:895-904. [PMID: 27324388 PMCID: PMC5081122 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-016-0448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed that CD206-targeted liposomal delivery of co-encapsulated immunodominant myelin basic protein (MBP) sequences MBP46-62, MBP124-139 and MBP147-170 (Xemys) suppressed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in dark Agouti rats. The objective of this study was to assess the safety of Xemys in the treatment of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and secondary progressive MS, who failed to achieve a sustained response to first-line disease-modifying therapies. In this phase I, open-label, dose-escalating, proof-of-concept study, 20 patients with relapsing-remitting or secondary progressive MS received weekly subcutaneously injections with ascending doses of Xemys up to a total dose of 2.675 mg. Clinical examinations, including Expanded Disability Status Scale score, magnetic resonance imaging results, and serum cytokine concentrations, were assessed before the first injection and for up to 17 weeks after the final injection. Xemys was safe and well tolerated when administered for 6 weeks to a maximum single dose of 900 μg. Expanded Disability Status Scale scores and numbers of T2-weighted and new gadolinium-enhancing lesions on magnetic resonance imaging were statistically unchanged at study exit compared with baseline; nonetheless, the increase of number of active gadolinium-enhancing lesions on weeks 7 and 10 in comparison with baseline was statistically significant. During treatment, the serum concentrations of the cytokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, and interleukin-7 decreased, whereas the level of tumor necrosis factor-α increased. These results provide evidence for the further development of Xemys as an antigen-specific, disease-modifying therapy for patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Belogurov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia
- Institute of Gene Biology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Yakov Lomakin
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Smirnov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Gleb Makshakov
- Center of multiple sclerosis and AID of St. Petersburg City Clinical Hospital #31, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Alexander Gabibov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia.
- Chemistry Department of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Evgeniy Evdoshenko
- Center of multiple sclerosis and AID of St. Petersburg City Clinical Hospital #31, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- SBI "Center of Clinical Trials Management and Performance of Moscow Department of Healthcare", Moscow, Russia
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9
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Lehtinen JS, Zakharov K, Arutyunov KY. Coulomb blockade and BLOCH oscillations in superconducting Ti nanowires. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:187001. [PMID: 23215316 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.187001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Quantum fluctuations in quasi-one-dimensional superconducting channels leading to spontaneous changes of the phase of the order parameter by 2π, alternatively called quantum phase slips (QPS), manifest themselves as the finite resistance well below the critical temperature of thin superconducting nanowires and the suppression of persistent currents in tiny superconducting nanorings. Here we report the experimental evidence that in a current-biased superconducting nanowire the same QPS process is responsible for the insulating state--the Coulomb blockade. When exposed to rf radiation, the internal Bloch oscillations can be synchronized with the external rf drive leading to formation of quantized current steps on the I-V characteristic. The effects originate from the fundamental quantum duality of a Josephson junction and a superconducting nanowire governed by QPS--the QPS junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lehtinen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, PB 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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