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Gunawan C, Fleming C, Irga PJ, Jien Wong R, Amal R, Torpy FR, Mojtaba Golzan S, McGrath KC. Neurodegenerative effects of air pollutant Particles: Biological mechanisms implicated for Early-Onset Alzheimer's disease. Environ Int 2024; 185:108512. [PMID: 38412566 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurs in 99% of all cases and can be influenced by air pollution such as diesel emissions and more recently, an iron oxide particle, magnetite, detected in the brains of AD patients. However, a mechanistic link between air pollutants and AD development remains elusive. AIM To study the development of AD-relevant pathological effects induced by air pollutant particle exposures and their mechanistic links, in wild-type and AD-predisposed models. METHODS C57BL/6 (n = 37) and APP/PS1 transgenic (n = 38) mice (age 13 weeks) were exposed to model pollutant iron-based particle (Fe0-Fe3O4, dTEM = 493 ± 133 nm), hydrocarbon-based diesel combustion particle (43 ± 9 nm) and magnetite (Fe3O4, 153 ± 43 nm) particles (66 µg/20 µL/third day) for 4 months, and were assessed for behavioural changes, neuronal cell loss, amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque, immune response and oxidative stress-biomarkers. Neuroblastoma SHSY5Y (differentiated) cells were exposed to the particles (100 μg/ml) for 24 h, with assessments on immune response biomarkers and reactive oxygen species generation. RESULTS Pollutant particle-exposure led to increased anxiety and stress levels in wild-type mice and short-term memory impairment in AD-prone mice. Neuronal cell loss was shown in the hippocampal and somatosensory cortex, with increased detection of Aβ plaque, the latter only in the AD-predisposed mice, with the wild-type not genetically disposed to form the plaque. The particle exposures however, increased AD-relevant immune system responses, including inflammation, in both strains of mice. Exposures also stimulated oxidative stress, although only observed in wild-type mice. The in vitro studies complemented the immune response and oxidative stress observations. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the mechanistic links between inflammation and oxidative stress to pollutant particle-induced AD pathologies, with magnetite apparently inducing the most pathological effects. No exacerbation of the effects was observed in the AD-predisposed model when compared to the wild-type, indicating a particle-induced neurodegeneration that is independent of disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Gunawan
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Charlotte Fleming
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter J Irga
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roong Jien Wong
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Australia; Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Rose Amal
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fraser R Torpy
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Mojtaba Golzan
- Vision Science Group, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kristine C McGrath
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Chhor M, Tulpar E, Nguyen T, Cranfield CG, Gorrie CA, Chan YL, Chen H, Oliver BG, McClements L, McGrath KC. E-Cigarette Aerosol Condensate Leads to Impaired Coronary Endothelial Cell Health and Restricted Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076378. [PMID: 37047355 PMCID: PMC10094580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with cigarette smoking being a major preventable risk factor. Smoking cessation can be difficult due to the addictive nature of nicotine and the withdrawal symptoms following cessation. Electronic cigarettes (e-Cigs) have emerged as an alternative smoking cessation device, which has been increasingly used by non-smokers; however, the cardiovascular effects surrounding the use of e-Cigs remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of e-Cig aerosol condensate (EAC) (0 mg and 18 mg nicotine) in vitro on human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) and in vivo on the cardiovascular system using a mouse model of ‘e-vaping’. In vitro results show a decrease in cell viability of HCAEC when exposed to EAC either directly or after exposure to conditioned lung cell media (p < 0.05 vs. control). Reactive oxygen species were increased in HCAEC when exposed to EAC directly or after exposure to conditioned lung cell media (p < 0.0001 vs. control). ICAM-1 protein expression levels were increased after exposure to conditioned lung cell media (18 mg vs. control, p < 0.01). Ex vivo results show an increase in the mRNA levels of anti-angiogenic marker, FKBPL (p < 0.05 vs. sham), and endothelial cell adhesion molecule involved in barrier function, ICAM-1 (p < 0.05 vs. sham) in murine hearts following exposure to electronic cigarette aerosol treatment containing a higher amount of nicotine. Immunohistochemistry also revealed an upregulation of FKBPL and ICAM-1 protein expression levels. This study showed that despite e-Cigs being widely used for tobacco smoking cessation, these can negatively impact endothelial cell health with a potential to lead to the development of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chhor
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Esra Tulpar
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Tara Nguyen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Charles G. Cranfield
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Catherine A. Gorrie
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Yik Lung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Brian G. Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (K.C.M.)
| | - Kristine C. McGrath
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (K.C.M.)
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Fleming CL, Golzan M, Gunawan C, McGrath KC. Systematic and Bibliometric Analysis of Magnetite Nanoparticles and Their Applications in (Biomedical) Research. Glob Chall 2023; 7:2200009. [PMID: 36618105 PMCID: PMC9818080 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports show air pollutant magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Considering various field applications of MNPs because of developments in nanotechnology, the aim of this study is to identify major trends and data gaps in research on magnetite to allow for relevant environmental and health risk assessment. Herein, a bibliometric and systematic analysis of the published magnetite literature (n = 31 567) between 1990 to 2020 is completed. Following appraisal, publications (n = 244) are grouped into four time periods with the main research theme identified for each as 1990-1997 "oxides," 1998-2005 "ferric oxide," 2006-2013 "pathology," and 2014-2020 "animal model." Magnetite formation and catalytic activity dominate the first two time periods, with the last two focusing on the exploitation of nanoparticle engineering. Japan and China have the highest number of citations for articles published. Longitudinal analysis indicates that magnetite research for the past 30 years shifted from environmental and industrial applications, to biomedical and its potential toxic effects. Therefore, whilst this study presents the research profile of different countries, the development in research on MNPs, it also reveals that further studies on the effects of MNPs on human health is much needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L. Fleming
- School of Life SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSW2008Australia
| | - Mojtaba Golzan
- Vision Science GroupGraduate School of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSW2008Australia
| | - Cindy Gunawan
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and InfectionUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSW2008Australia
| | - Kristine C. McGrath
- School of Life SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSW2008Australia
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4
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Nguyen T, Li GE, Chen H, Cranfield CG, McGrath KC, Gorrie CA. Neurological Effects in the Offspring After Switching From Tobacco Cigarettes to E-Cigarettes During Pregnancy in a Mouse Model. Toxicol Sci 2019; 172:191-200. [PMID: 31505003 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Maternal smoking is currently a public health concern and has been associated with a number of complications in the offspring. E-cigarettes are gaining popularity as a “safer” alternative to tobacco cigarettes during pregnancy, however, there are a limited number of studies to suggest that it is actually “safe.” Balb/C female mice were exposed to ambient air (n = 8; Sham), or tobacco cigarette smoke (n = 8; SE) before gestation, during gestation and lactation. A third group was exposed to cigarette smoke before gestation followed by e-cigarette aerosols during gestation and lactation (n = 8; Switch). Male offspring (12-week old, n = 10–14/group) underwent behavioral assessments to investigate short-term memory, anxiety, and activity using the novel object recognition and elevated plus maze tests. Brains were collected at postnatal day (P)1, P20, and Week 13 for global DNA methylation, epigenetic gene expression, and neuronal cell counts. The offspring from mothers switching to e-cigarettes exhibited no change in exploration/activity but showed a decrease in global DNA methylation, Aurora Kinase (Aurk) A and AurkB gene expression and a reduction in neuronal cell numbers in the cornu ammonis 1 region of the dorsal hippocampus compared with the SE group. Continuous tobacco cigarette smoke exposure during pregnancy resulted in marked neurological deficits in the offspring. Switching to e-cigarettes during pregnancy reduced these neurological deficits compared with cigarette smoke exposure. However, neurological changes were still observed, so we therefore conclude that e-cigarette use during pregnancy is not advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Nguyen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Gerard E Li
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Charles G Cranfield
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Kristine C McGrath
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Catherine A Gorrie
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
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5
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Chen H, Li G, Chan YL, Chapman DG, Sukjamnong S, Nguyen T, Annissa T, McGrath KC, Sharma P, Oliver BG. Maternal E-Cigarette Exposure in Mice Alters DNA Methylation and Lung Cytokine Expression in Offspring. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:366-377. [PMID: 28960086 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0206rc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
E-cigarette usage is increasing, especially among the young, with both the general population and physicians perceiving them as a safe alternative to tobacco smoking. Worryingly, e-cigarettes are commonly used by pregnant women. As nicotine is known to adversely affect children in utero, we hypothesized that nicotine delivered via e-cigarettes would negatively affect lung development. To test this, we developed a mouse model of maternal e-vapor (nicotine and nicotine-free) exposure and investigated the impact on the growth and lung inflammation in both offspring and mothers. Female Balb/c mice were exposed to e-fluid vapor containing nicotine (18 mg/ml nicotine E-cigarette [E-cig18], equivalent to two cigarettes per treatment, twice daily,) or nicotine free (E-cig0 mg/ml) from 6 weeks before mating until pups weaned. Male offspring were studied at Postnatal Day (P) 1, P20, and at 13 weeks. The mothers were studied when the pups weaned. In the mothers' lungs, e-cigarette exposure with and without nicotine increased the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. In adult offspring, TNF-α protein levels were increased in both E-cig18 and E-cig0 groups, whereas IL-1β was suppressed. This was accompanied by global changes in DNA methylation. In this study, we found that e-cigarette exposure during pregnancy adversely affected maternal and offspring lung health. As this occurred with both nicotine-free and nicotine-containing e-vapor, the effects are likely due to by-products of vaporization rather than nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- 1 Centre for Health Technologies and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,2 Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; and
| | - Gerard Li
- 1 Centre for Health Technologies and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,3 Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yik Lung Chan
- 1 Centre for Health Technologies and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,3 Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David G Chapman
- 1 Centre for Health Technologies and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,3 Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Suporn Sukjamnong
- 1 Centre for Health Technologies and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tara Nguyen
- 1 Centre for Health Technologies and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,3 Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tiara Annissa
- 1 Centre for Health Technologies and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristine C McGrath
- 1 Centre for Health Technologies and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pawan Sharma
- 1 Centre for Health Technologies and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,3 Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- 1 Centre for Health Technologies and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,3 Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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6
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Nguyen T, Li GE, Chen H, Cranfield CG, McGrath KC, Gorrie CA. Maternal E-Cigarette Exposure Results in Cognitive and Epigenetic Alterations in Offspring in a Mouse Model. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:601-611. [PMID: 29863869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is on the rise worldwide and is particularly attractive to young people and as a smoking substitute by pregnant woman. There is a perception in pregnant women and women of child-bearing age that the use of e-cigarettes (vaping) is safer than smoking tobacco cigarettes during pregnancy. However, there is little evidence to support this perception. Here, we examined the offspring from mouse dams that had been exposed during and after pregnancy to ambient air (sham) ( n = 8), e-cigarette aerosols with nicotine ( n = 8), or e-cigarette aerosols without nicotine ( n = 8). Offspring underwent cognitive testing at 12 weeks of age and epigenetic testing of brain tissues at 1 day, 20 days, and 13 weeks after birth. The findings showed deficits in short-term memory, reduced anxiety, and hyperactivity in offspring following maternal e-cigarette exposure using the novel object recognition and elevated plus maze tests. In addition, global DNA methylation was increased in the brains of offspring soon after birth. Using a quantitative-PCR array specific to chromatin modification enzymes on genomic DNA and histones,13 key genes were identified to be significantly altered in the offspring brains from the e-cigarette groups compared to the nonexposed groups. The changes to genes Aurka, Aurkb, Aurkc, Kdm5c, Kdm6b, Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, and Atf2, all associated with modulating neurological activity, were validated using RT-qPCR. In conclusion, in a mouse model, maternal exposure to e-cigarette aerosols resulted in both cognitive and epigenetic changes in offspring. This suggests that the use of e-cigarettes during pregnancy may have hitherto undetected neurological consequences on newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Nguyen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Technology Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Gerard E Li
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Technology Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Technology Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Charles G Cranfield
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Technology Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Kristine C McGrath
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Technology Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Catherine A Gorrie
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Technology Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
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Saad S, Al-Odat I, Chan YL, McGrath KC, Pollock CA, Oliver BG, Chen H. Maternal L-carnitine supplementation improves glucose and lipid profiles in female offspring of dams exposed to cigarette smoke. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:694-703. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Saad
- School of Life Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Technology Sydney; Broadway NSW Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research; Royal North Shore Hospital; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - I Al-Odat
- School of Life Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Technology Sydney; Broadway NSW Australia
- Department of Medical Analysis; Faculty of Pharmacy; Jadara University; Irbid Jordan
| | - YL Chan
- School of Life Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Technology Sydney; Broadway NSW Australia
- RCMB; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - KC McGrath
- School of Life Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Technology Sydney; Broadway NSW Australia
| | - CA Pollock
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research; Royal North Shore Hospital; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - BG Oliver
- School of Life Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Technology Sydney; Broadway NSW Australia
- RCMB; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - H Chen
- School of Life Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Technology Sydney; Broadway NSW Australia
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences; Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chengdu Sichuan China
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Cawley AT, Blakey K, Waller CC, McLeod MD, Boyd S, Heather A, McGrath KC, Handelsman DJ, Willis AC. Detection and metabolic investigations of a novel designer steroid: 3-chloro-17α-methyl-5α-androstan-17β-ol. Drug Test Anal 2015; 8:621-32. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam T. Cawley
- Australian Racing Forensic Laboratory; Racing NSW; Randwick NSW Australia
| | - Karen Blakey
- Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland; Department of Health, Queensland Government; Archerfield QLD Australia
| | - Christopher C. Waller
- Research School of Chemistry; Australian National University; Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Malcolm D. McLeod
- Research School of Chemistry; Australian National University; Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Sue Boyd
- Magnetic Resonance Facility, School of Natural Sciences; Griffith University; Nathan QLD Australia
| | - Alison Heather
- Faculty of Science; University of Technology; Sydney NSW Australia
- Currently with the Department of Physiology; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | | | | | - Anthony C. Willis
- Research School of Chemistry; Australian National University; Canberra ACT Australia
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Moore N, McGrath KC. New technologies help labs tackle old diagnostic problems. MLO Med Lab Obs 2014; 46:14-15. [PMID: 25622443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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McGrath KC, Li XH, Whitworth PT, Kasz R, Tan JT, McLennan SV, Celermajer DS, Barter PJ, Rye KA, Heather AK. High density lipoproteins improve insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-fed mice by suppressing hepatic inflammation. J Lipid Res 2013; 55:421-30. [PMID: 24347528 PMCID: PMC3934727 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m043281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-induced liver inflammation can drive insulin resistance. HDL has anti-inflammatory properties, so we hypothesized that low levels of HDL would perpetuate inflammatory responses in the liver and that HDL treatment would suppress liver inflammation and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lipid-free apoAI on hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance in mice. We also investigated apoAI as a component of reconstituted HDLs (rHDLs) in hepatocytes to confirm results we observed in vivo. To test our hypothesis, C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks and administered either saline or lipid-free apoAI. Injections of lipid-free apoAI twice a week for 2 or 4 weeks with lipid-free apoAI resulted in: i) improved insulin sensitivity associated with decreased systemic and hepatic inflammation; ii) suppression of hepatic mRNA expression for key transcriptional regulators of lipogenic gene expression; and iii) suppression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation. Human hepatoma HuH-7 cells exposed to rHDLs showed suppressed TNFα-induced NF-κB activation, correlating with decreased NF-κB target gene expression. We conclude that apoAI suppresses liver inflammation in HFD mice and improves insulin resistance via a mechanism that involves a downregulation of NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine C McGrath
- Faculty of Science, School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology-Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Skropeta D, Settasatian C, McMahon MR, Shearston K, Caiazza D, McGrath KC, Jin W, Rader DJ, Barter PJ, Rye KA. N-Glycosylation regulates endothelial lipase-mediated phospholipid hydrolysis in apoE- and apoA-I-containing high density lipoproteins. J Lipid Res 2007; 48:2047-57. [PMID: 17545692 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m700248-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial lipase (EL) is a member of the triglyceride lipase gene family with high phospholipase and low triacylglycerol lipase activities and a distinct preference for hydrolyzing phospholipids in HDL. EL has five potential N-glycosylation sites, four of which are glycosylated. The aim of this study was to determine how glycosylation affects the phospholipase activity of EL in physiologically relevant substrates. Site-directed mutants of EL were generated by replacing asparagine (N) 62, 118, 375, and 473 with alanine (A). These glycan-deficient mutants were used to investigate the kinetics of phospholipid hydrolysis in fully characterized preparations of spherical reconstituted high density lipoprotein (rHDL) containing apolipoprotein E2 (apoE2) [(E2)rHDL], apoE3 [(E3)rHDL], apoE4 [(E4)rHDL], or apoA-I [(A-I)rHDL] as the sole apolipoprotein. Wild-type EL hydrolyzed the phospholipids in (A-I)rHDL, (E2)rHDL, (E3)rHDL, and (E4)rHDL to similar extents. The phospholipase activities of EL N118A, EL N375A, and EL N473A were significantly diminished relative to that of wild-type EL, with the greatest reduction being apparent for (E3)rHDL. The phospholipase activity of EL N62A was increased up to 6-fold relative to that of wild-type EL, with the greatest enhancement of activity being observed for (E2)rHDL. These data show that individual N-linked glycans have unique and important effects on the phospholipase activity and substrate specificity of EL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Skropeta
- Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
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