1
|
Borak B, Gediga K, Piszcz U, Sacała E. Foliar Fertilization by the Sol-Gel Particles Containing Cu and Zn. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 13:165. [PMID: 36616075 PMCID: PMC9824736 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Silica particles with the size of 150-200 nm containing Ca, P, Cu or Zn ions were synthesized with the sol-gel method and tested as a foliar fertilizer on three plant species: maize Zea mays, wheat Triticum sativum and rape Brassica napus L. var napus growing on two types of soils: neutral and acidic. The aqueous suspensions of the studied particles were sprayed on the chosen leaves and also on the whole tested plants. At a specific stage of plant development determined according to the BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und CHemische Industrie) scale, the leaves and the whole plants were harvested and dried, and the content of Cu and Zn was determined with the AAS (atomic absorption spectroscopy) method. The engineered particles were compared with a water solution of CuSO4 and ZnSO4 (0.1%) used as a conventional fertilizer. In many cases, the copper-containing particles improved the metal supply to plants more effectively than the CuSO4. The zinc-containing particles had less effect on both the growth of plants and the metal concentration in the plants. All the tested particles were not toxic to the examined plants, although some of them caused a slight reduction in plants growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Borak
- Department of Mechanics, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego Str. 25, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gediga
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, The Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Grunwaldzka Str. 53, 50-357 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Piszcz
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, The Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Grunwaldzka Str. 53, 50-357 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Sacała
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, The Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Grunwaldzka Str. 53, 50-357 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sujkowska-Rybkowska M, Rusaczonek A, Kasowska D, Gediga K, Banasiewicz J, Stępkowski T, Bernacki MJ. Potential of Rhizobia Nodulating Anthyllis vulneraria L. from Ultramafic Soil as Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Alleviating Nickel Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911538. [PMID: 36232842 PMCID: PMC9570232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizobia, which enter into symbiosis with legumes, can also interact with non-legumes and promote plant growth. In this paper, we explored the effects of nickel (Ni, 200 µM) on Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) inoculated with plant growth-promoting (PGP) rhizobia nodulating ultramafic Anthyllis vulneraria. The isolated PGP strains tolerant to Ni were identified as Rhizobium sp. and Bradyrhizobium sp. The isolates highly differed in their PGP abilities and Ni resistance. Without Ni-stress, the plants inoculated with most isolates grew better and had higher photosynthetic efficiency than non-inoculated controls. Nickel treatment increased Ni concentration in inoculated plants. Plant growth, leaf anatomy, chloroplast ultrastructure, efficiency of photosynthesis, and antioxidant defense system activity were significantly impaired by Ni, however, the majority of these effects were diminished in plants inoculated with the most effective PGP rhizobia. Real-time PCR revealed an increased expression level of genes involved in auxin and gibberellin biosynthesis in the inoculated, Ni-treated plants, and this may have improved shoot and root growth after inoculation with effective isolates. Our results also suggest a positive correlation between Ni-stress parameters and antioxidant defense system activity, and also between the effectiveness of photosynthesis and plant growth parameters. We showed that the selected rhizobia, naturally nodulating Anthyllis on Ni-rich ultramafic soils can promote Arabidopsis growth and increase plant tolerance to Ni by improving different physiological and biochemical mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Sujkowska-Rybkowska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Kasowska
- Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Square 24 A, 50-363 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gediga
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka Street 53, 50-357 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Banasiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stępkowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Jerzy Bernacki
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stępień P, Gediga K, Spiak Z. Phosphorus-Induced Adaptation Mechanisms of Rye Grown on Post-Flotation Copper Tailings. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:biology10080818. [PMID: 34440050 PMCID: PMC8389543 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The mining activities for the production of copper, lead, zinc, and others are inevitably associated with the generation of an enormous volume of waste materials, i.e., tailings. The global area covered with tailings is on the order of hundreds of millions of hectares, with this being predicted to rise significantly in the coming decades. Importantly, the physicochemical properties of tailings, such as high content of heavy metals and high pH, pose a serious threat to the surrounding ecological environment. This, combined with low available nutrients, makes revegetation of degraded lands very difficult, with the number of field trials demonstrating successful revitalisation remaining very low. In this study, we investigate in rye, as a model plant, a wide array of physiological processes and their significance in determining survival on the copper tailings. We demonstrate that limitations in plant growth on such wastes is not simply related to high copper content. Rather, we present data that the low availability of phosphorus and activity of the mechanisms involved in phosphorus extraction from the rhizosphere are important determinants of the plant growth and survival rate. With these results, we make a direct and significant contribution towards meeting future demands for effective revitalisation techniques of degraded lands. Abstract Although a considerable effort has been made over the last decades to develop cost-effective phytotechnologies as an alternative to conventional techniques for the management of contaminated lands, successful revegetation of the tailings still represents a major challenge. Here, we evaluate the potential of rye (Secale cereale L.) for growth and survival on the tailings after copper (Cu) ore processing. Four rye varieties were cultivated in a pot experiment on the post-flotation sediment with increasing phosphorus (P) doses (22, 44, 66, 88, and 110 mg·kg−1). The resistance of the studied rye genotypes to stress was assessed by observing the growth and development of plants, determining the dry mass accumulation, the Cu and P uptake and content, and a number of physiological parameters related mainly to P mobilisation. Exposure of tested rye varieties to high Cu concentrations in the tailings did not result in any significant plant mortality, with the intracellular Cu concentrations being below the critical toxic level. In contrast, the low availability of P due to alkaline properties of the tailings and the mechanisms involved in the mobilisation of sparingly soluble forms of this element (i.e., H+-ATPase-driven proton efflux in roots and organic acid exudation), were identified as main factor determining the level of tolerance. The efficiency of the photosynthetic activity was a key determinant for the P-mobilising capacity of rye. We further showed that rye varieties with more primitive genetic background might be potentially more suitable for growth on the post-flotation copper tailings. The results provide important and novel knowledge that will certainly support future works in developing strategies for successful revitalisation of degraded lands.
Collapse
|
4
|
Kalaji HM, Bąba W, Gediga K, Goltsev V, Samborska IA, Cetner MD, Dimitrova S, Piszcz U, Bielecki K, Karmowska K, Dankov K, Kompała-Bąba A. Chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool for nutrient status identification in rapeseed plants. Photosynth Res 2018; 136:329-343. [PMID: 29185137 PMCID: PMC5937862 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In natural conditions, plants growth and development depends on environmental conditions, including the availability of micro- and macroelements in the soil. Nutrient status should thus be examined not by establishing the effects of single nutrient deficiencies on the physiological state of the plant but by combinations of them. Differences in the nutrient content significantly affect the photochemical process of photosynthesis therefore playing a crucial role in plants growth and development. In this work, an attempt was made to find a connection between element content in (i) different soils, (ii) plant leaves, grown on these soils and (iii) changes in selected chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, in order to find a method for early detection of plant stress resulting from the combination of nutrient status in natural conditions. To achieve this goal, a mathematical procedure was used which combines principal component analysis (a tool for the reduction of data complexity), hierarchical k-means (a classification method) and a machine-learning method-super-organising maps. Differences in the mineral content of soil and plant leaves resulted in functional changes in the photosynthetic machinery that can be measured by chlorophyll a fluorescent signals. Five groups of patterns in the chlorophyll fluorescent parameters were established: the 'no deficiency', Fe-specific deficiency, slight, moderate and strong deficiency. Unfavourable development in groups with nutrient deficiency of any kind was reflected by a strong increase in F o and ΔV/Δt 0 and decline in φ Po, φ Eo δ Ro and φ Ro. The strong deficiency group showed the suboptimal development of the photosynthetic machinery, which affects both PSII and PSI. The nutrient-deficient groups also differed in antenna complex organisation. Thus, our work suggests that the chlorophyll fluorescent method combined with machine-learning methods can be highly informative and in some cases, it can replace much more expensive and time-consuming procedures such as chemometric analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazem M Kalaji
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences (ITP), Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090, Raszyn, Poland
- White Hill Company, Żurawia 71/3, 15-540 Białystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bąba
- Department of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Gediga
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Vasilij Goltsev
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 8 Dr Tzankov Blvd., 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Izabela A Samborska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Magdalena D Cetner
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Stella Dimitrova
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 8 Dr Tzankov Blvd., 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Urszula Piszcz
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bielecki
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kamila Karmowska
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kolyo Dankov
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 8 Dr Tzankov Blvd., 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Agnieszka Kompała-Bąba
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kasowska D, Gediga K, Spiak Z. Correction to: Heavy metal and nutrient uptake in plants colonizing post-flotation copper tailings. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:836-837. [PMID: 29185217 PMCID: PMC5756555 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The correct presentation of Table 4 is shown in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kasowska
- Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Square 24A, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gediga
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka Street 53, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zofia Spiak
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka Street 53, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kasowska D, Gediga K, Spiak Z. Heavy metal and nutrient uptake in plants colonizing post-flotation copper tailings. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:824-835. [PMID: 29063407 PMCID: PMC5756550 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Copper ore mining and processing release hazardous post-flotation wastes that are difficult for remediation. The studied tailings were extremely rich in Cu (1800 mg kg-1) and contaminated with Co and Mn, and contained very little available forms of P, Fe, and Zn. The plants growing in tailings were distinctly enriched in Cu, Cd, Co, Ni, and Pb, and the concentration of copper achived the critical toxicity level in shoots of Cerastium arvense and Polygonum aviculare. The redundancy analysis demonstrated significant relationship between the concentration of available forms of studied elements in substrate and the chemical composition of plant shoots. Results of the principal component analysis enabled to distinguish groups of plants which significantly differed in the pattern of element accumulation. The grass species Agrostis stolonifera and Calamagrostis epigejos growing in the tailings accumulated significantly lower amounts of Cu, but they also had the lowest levels of P, Fe, and Zn in comparison to dicotyledonous. A. stolonifera occurred to be the most suitable species for phytostabilization of the tailings with regard to its low shoot Cu content and more efficient acquisition of limiting nutrients in relation to C. epigejos. The amendments improving texture, phosphorus fertilization, and the introduction of native leguminous species were recommended for application in the phytoremediation process of the tailings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kasowska
- Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Square 24A, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gediga
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka Street 53, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zofia Spiak
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka Street 53, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brans R, Skudlik C, Weisshaar E, Gediga K, Scheidt R, Wulfhorst B, Elsner P, Schönfeld M, John S, Diepgen T. Association between tobacco smoking and prognosis of occupational hand eczema: a prospective cohort study. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:1108-15. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Brans
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine, Health Theory University of Osnabrück 49090 Osnabrück Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück and Dermatologic Centre Trauma Hospital 21033 Hamburg Germany
| | - C. Skudlik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine, Health Theory University of Osnabrück 49090 Osnabrück Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück and Dermatologic Centre Trauma Hospital 21033 Hamburg Germany
| | - E. Weisshaar
- Department of Clinical Social Medicine Centre of Health Systems Research, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology University of Heidelberg 69115 Heidelberg Germany
| | - K. Gediga
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine, Health Theory University of Osnabrück 49090 Osnabrück Germany
| | - R. Scheidt
- Department of Clinical Social Medicine Centre of Health Systems Research, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology University of Heidelberg 69115 Heidelberg Germany
| | - B. Wulfhorst
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine, Health Theory University of Osnabrück 49090 Osnabrück Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück and Dermatologic Centre Trauma Hospital 21033 Hamburg Germany
| | - P. Elsner
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Jena 07740 Jena Germany
- Statutory Accident Insurance Clinic of Occupational Diseases 08223 Falkenstein Germany
| | - M. Schönfeld
- Clinic for Occupational Diseases of the VBG (Statutory Accident Insurance) 83435 Bad Reichenhall Germany
| | - S.M. John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine, Health Theory University of Osnabrück 49090 Osnabrück Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück and Dermatologic Centre Trauma Hospital 21033 Hamburg Germany
| | - T.L. Diepgen
- Department of Clinical Social Medicine Centre of Health Systems Research, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology University of Heidelberg 69115 Heidelberg Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sonsmann FK, Strunk M, Gediga K, John C, Schliemann S, Seyfarth F, Elsner P, Diepgen TL, Kutz G, John SM. Standardization of skin cleansingin vivo: part I. Development of an Automated Cleansing Device (ACiD). Skin Res Technol 2013; 20:228-38. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. K. Sonsmann
- Department of Occupational Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory; University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
- iDerm - Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation at the University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
| | - M. Strunk
- Department of Occupational Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory; University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
| | - K. Gediga
- iDerm - Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation at the University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
| | - C. John
- Department of Occupational Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory; University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
| | - S. Schliemann
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Jena; Jena Germany
| | - F. Seyfarth
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Jena; Jena Germany
| | - P. Elsner
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Jena; Jena Germany
| | - T. L. Diepgen
- Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; University Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - G. Kutz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe - University of Applied Sciences; Lemgo Germany
| | - S. M. John
- Department of Occupational Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory; University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
- iDerm - Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation at the University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sonsmann FK, Strunk M, Gediga K, Schliemann S, Seyfarth F, Elsner P, Diepgen TL, Kutz G, John SM. Standardization of skin cleansingin vivo: part II. Validation of a newly developed Automated Cleansing Device (ACiD). Skin Res Technol 2013; 20:239-45. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. K. Sonsmann
- Department of Occupational Dermatology; Environmental Medicine and Health Theory; University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
- iDerm - Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation; University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
| | - M. Strunk
- Department of Occupational Dermatology; Environmental Medicine and Health Theory; University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
| | - K. Gediga
- iDerm - Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation; University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
| | - S. Schliemann
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Jena; Jena Germany
| | - F. Seyfarth
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Jena; Jena Germany
| | - P. Elsner
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Jena; Jena Germany
| | - T. L. Diepgen
- Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - G. Kutz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe - University of Applied Sciences; Lemgo Germany
| | - S. M. John
- Department of Occupational Dermatology; Environmental Medicine and Health Theory; University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
- iDerm - Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation; University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
| |
Collapse
|