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Jones P, Blumfield M, Beckett E, Marshall S, Abbott K, Duve E, Fayet‐Moore F. Real world evidence on the characteristics of regular and intermittent users of a very-low calorie diet program and associations with measures of program success, health, and quality of life. Obes Sci Pract 2024; 10:e712. [PMID: 38264009 PMCID: PMC10804350 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Very low-calorie diet (VLCD) programs are readily available in Australia. However, there is a lack of real-world evidence describing the characteristics related to positive outcomes. Aims To examine the demographic, eating, self-efficacy and program engagement characteristics of VLCD users in Australia, and the associations between user characteristics and program success, weight loss, quality of life (QOL) and health. Method Cross-sectional data from Australian adults: regular users (n = 189: VLCD user ≥4 days/week for >4 weeks) and intermittent users (n = 111, VLCD user <4 weeks and/or <4 days/week). Self-reported data on demographics, VLCD program use, support, eating behavior, weight-related QOL, mental health, physical health, self-efficacy, and physical activity. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed in R. Results Compared to regular users, intermittent users reported lower percentage weight loss (15.1% ± SD 9.8 vs. 9.9% ± SD 6.8, relative to starting weight), fewer reported their VLCD program as very successful (44% vs. 35%), higher depressive symptom scores (8.7 ± SD 2.8 vs. 6.7 ± SD 5.1), and lower general self-efficacy (23.9 ± SD 4.7 vs. 29.4 ± SD 5.7), nutrition self-efficacy (11.9 ± SD 2.0 vs. 14.5 ± SD 3.1) and weight-related QOL scores (60.9 ± SD 22.2 vs. 65.0 ± SD 11.8; p < 0.001 for all). In regular users, older age and longer program duration were associated with greater total weight loss, support, and program success (p < 0.001 for all). In intermittent users, program success was greater when dietitian support was used (odds ratio [OR] 6.50) and for those with higher BMIs (OR 1.08, p < 0.001 for all). In both groups, more frequent support was associated with better weight-related QOL (p < 0.001). Conclusion This study provides real-world evidence that regular VLCD users had greater success and weight loss than intermittent program users. These findings may be used to tailor and improve the delivery of VLCD programs in Australia and other countries with retail access to VLCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Jones
- Department of ScienceNutrition Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Institute for Health and SportVictoria UniversityFootscrayVictoriaAustralia
| | - Michelle Blumfield
- Department of ScienceNutrition Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Emma Beckett
- Department of ScienceNutrition Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of NewcastleOurimbahNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Skye Marshall
- Department of ScienceNutrition Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Bond University Nutrition and Dietetics Research GroupFaculty of Health Sciences and MedicineBond UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kylie Abbott
- Department of ScienceNutrition Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Emily Duve
- Department of ScienceNutrition Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Flavia Fayet‐Moore
- Department of ScienceNutrition Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of NewcastleOurimbahNew South WalesAustralia
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Rommerskirch-Manietta M, Purwins D, Van Haitsma K, Abbott K, Roes M. 1353 “I’M MY OWN BOSS” - A QUALITATIVE STUDY WITH PEOPLE RECEIVING ADULT DAY SERVICES IN GERMANY ABOUT THEIR UNDERSTANDING OF LEISURE. Age Ageing 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac322.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Community-based care such as adult day services (ADS) are preferred by people with dementia. ADS offers the opportunity to support the health and social needs of their clients and provide respite to family members, contributing to a stable care situation at home. The psychological needs of humans according to the self-determination-theory (SDT) (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) can be fulfilled by leisure activities and thus improve well-being and quality of life. The implementation of leisure activities that reflect individual preferences support active participation, preserve autonomy, improve satisfaction with care and consequently can be understood as a core aspect of person-centred care. However, it is currently unknown how people receiving ADS understand leisure and which leisure activities they prefer.
Method
To gain insight, a qualitative design was chosen. We conducted semi-structure interviews with 13 people receiving ADS in Germany. Participants were recruited from two different ADS in one state in Germany. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis and categories of the SDT.
Results
The results show that over 90 % of participants were diagnosed with dementia and that the ADS was considered a place to participate in leisure activities. However, this consideration depends primarily on the degree of autonomy they experienced and thus the freedom to choose activities in the ADS according to their individual preferences. The participants mentioned a variety of preferred meaningful leisure activities related to competence and relatedness (e.g., mentoring, socializing, reminiscence).
Conclusion
The results indicate the importance of preference-based service design in ADS to meet clients’ psychological needs and thus provide person-centred care to improve well-being and quality of life. These results can be used to develop an item-based assessment tool to assess the preferences of people with care needs regarding leisure activities in ADS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rommerskirch-Manietta
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen
- Witten/Herdecke University , School of Nursing Science
| | - D Purwins
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen
- Witten/Herdecke University , School of Nursing Science
| | | | - K Abbott
- Miami University , Department of Sociology and Gerontology
- Scripps Gerontology Center
| | - M Roes
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen
- Witten/Herdecke University , School of Nursing Science
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Starck C, Blumfield M, Abbott K, Cassettari T, Wright J, Duve E, Barclay AW, Fayet-Moore F. Methodology for the Review and Update of Nutrient Criteria Underpinning Front-of-Pack Labeling: Application to the Glycemic Index Symbol. Front Nutr 2022; 9:867349. [PMID: 35757261 PMCID: PMC9218624 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.867349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nutrient criteria underlying front-of-pack food labeling programs can play an important role in improving dietary intakes. Currently, no methodology for the development or update of nutrient criteria has been published, nor the methods used by food regulatory bodies. The scientific publication of methodology outlining the development and update of nutrient criteria underpinning front-of-pack food labeling programs highlighting healthier food choices is needed. Objective To develop and provide a globally applicable and transparent methodology for researchers to follow when reviewing existing or developing new nutrient criteria for front-of-pack labeling. Methods The Nutrient Criteria Methodology involved five phases: Phase I, the development of guiding principles; Phase II, collection of information for subsequent phases, including a pre-scope of the literature and selection of food composition database(s) for modeling; Phase III, literature review of all possible nutrients relevant to the nutrient criteria; Phase IV, database modeling to set quantitative limits for each selected nutrient; Phase V, assessment of the criteria against an established nutritional quality assessment tool. As an example, the methodology was applied to the update of the GI Symbol Product Eligibility and Nutrient Criteria (PENC). Results A comprehensive and replicable methodology, based on best practice protocols and ensuring both scientific credibility and practicality of use by industry, was developed. Application of the five phases of the methodology to the GI Symbol PENC highlighted the ability of the methodology to uncover nutritional measures currently missing in many nutrient criteria for front-of-pack food labeling programs and other national food labeling systems, such as glycemic load and the unsaturated to saturated fat ratio. Foods achieving the PENC had a higher Health Star Rating than foods not achieving the PENC. Conclusion Our Nutrient Criteria Methodology can be applied to the development and update of global nutrient criteria underpinning front-of-pack food labeling programs. Further research into the implementation of additional nutritional measures found to be important for human health is recommended, with the goal of the prevention of diet-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlene Starck
- Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Kylie Abbott
- Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Jutta Wright
- Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily Duve
- Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Starck CS, Blumfield M, Keighley T, Marshall S, Petocz P, Inan-Eroglu E, Abbott K, Cassettari T, Ali A, Wham C, Kruger R, Kira G, Fayet-Moore F. Nutrient Dense, Low-Cost Foods Can Improve the Affordability and Quality of the New Zealand Diet-A Substitution Modeling Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:7950. [PMID: 34360243 PMCID: PMC8345759 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The high prevalence of non-communicable disease in New Zealand (NZ) is driven in part by unhealthy diet selections, with food costs contributing to an increased risk for vulnerable population groups. This study aimed to: (i) identify the nutrient density-to-cost ratio of NZ foods; (ii) model the impact of substituting foods with a lower nutrient density-to-cost ratio with those with a higher nutrient density-to-cost ratio on diet quality and affordability in representative NZ population samples for low and medium socioeconomic status (SES) households by ethnicity; and (iii) evaluate food processing level. Foods were categorized, coded for processing level and discretionary status, analyzed for nutrient density and cost, and ranked by nutrient density-to-cost ratio. The top quartile of nutrient dense, low-cost foods were 56% unprocessed (vegetables, fruit, porridge, pasta, rice, nuts/seeds), 31% ultra-processed (vegetable dishes, fortified bread, breakfast cereals unfortified <15 g sugars/100 g and fortified 15-30 g sugars/100 g), 6% processed (fruit juice), and 6% culinary processed (oils). Using substitution modeling, diet quality improved by 59% and 71% for adults and children, respectively, and affordability increased by 20-24%, depending on ethnicity and SES. The NZ diet can be made healthier and more affordable when nutritious, low-cost foods are selected. Processing levels in the healthier, modeled diet suggest that some non-discretionary ultra-processed foods may provide a valuable source of low-cost nutrition for food insecure populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlene S. Starck
- Department of Translational Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; (C.S.S.); (T.C.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Blumfield
- Department of Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; (M.B.); (T.K.); (S.M.); (P.P.); (E.I.-E.)
| | - Tim Keighley
- Department of Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; (M.B.); (T.K.); (S.M.); (P.P.); (E.I.-E.)
| | - Skye Marshall
- Department of Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; (M.B.); (T.K.); (S.M.); (P.P.); (E.I.-E.)
- Bond University Nutrition & Dietetics Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia
| | - Peter Petocz
- Department of Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; (M.B.); (T.K.); (S.M.); (P.P.); (E.I.-E.)
| | - Elif Inan-Eroglu
- Department of Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; (M.B.); (T.K.); (S.M.); (P.P.); (E.I.-E.)
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Kylie Abbott
- Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia;
| | - Tim Cassettari
- Department of Translational Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; (C.S.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Ajmol Ali
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, North Shore City, Auckland 0745, New Zealand; (A.A.); (C.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Carol Wham
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, North Shore City, Auckland 0745, New Zealand; (A.A.); (C.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Rozanne Kruger
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, North Shore City, Auckland 0745, New Zealand; (A.A.); (C.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Geoff Kira
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand;
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Blumfield M, Starck C, Keighley T, Petocz P, Roesler A, Abbott K, Cassettari T, Marshall S, Fayet-Moore F. Diet and Economic Modelling to Improve the Quality and Affordability of the Australian Diet for Low and Medium Socioeconomic Households. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:5771. [PMID: 34072176 PMCID: PMC8198747 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Food costs are a barrier to healthier diet selections, particularly for low socioeconomic households who regularly choose processed foods containing refined grains, added sugars, and added fats. In this study, the objectives were to: (i) identify the nutrient density-to-cost ratio of Australian foods; (ii) model the impact of substituting foods with lower nutrient density-to-cost ratio with those with the highest nutrient density-to-cost ratio for diet quality and affordability in low and medium socioeconomic households; and (iii) evaluate food processing levels. Foods were categorized, coded for processing level, analysed for nutrient density and cost, and ranked by nutrient density-to-cost ratio. The top quartile of nutrient dense, low-cost foods included 54% unprocessed (vegetables and reduced fat dairy), 33% ultra-processed (fortified wholegrain bread and breakfast cereals <20 g sugars/100 g), and 13% processed (fruit juice and canned legumes). Using substitution modelling, diet quality improved by 52% for adults and 71% for children across all households, while diet affordability improved by 25% and 27% for low and medium socioeconomic households, respectively. The results indicate that the quality and affordability of the Australian diet can be improved when nutritious, low-cost foods are selected. Processing levels in the healthier modelled diets suggest that some ultra-processed foods may provide a beneficial source of nutrition when consumed within national food group recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Blumfield
- Department of Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; (M.B.); (T.K.); (P.P.); (A.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Carlene Starck
- Department of Translational Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; (C.S.); (T.C.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - Tim Keighley
- Department of Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; (M.B.); (T.K.); (P.P.); (A.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Peter Petocz
- Department of Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; (M.B.); (T.K.); (P.P.); (A.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Anna Roesler
- Department of Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; (M.B.); (T.K.); (P.P.); (A.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Kylie Abbott
- Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia;
| | - Tim Cassettari
- Department of Translational Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; (C.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Skye Marshall
- Department of Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; (M.B.); (T.K.); (P.P.); (A.R.); (S.M.)
- Bond University Nutrition and Dietetics Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia
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Teasdale SB, Marshall S, Abbott K, Cassettari T, Duve E, Fayet-Moore F. How should we judge edible oils and fats? An umbrella review of the health effects of nutrient and bioactive components found in edible oils and fats. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5167-5182. [PMID: 33706623 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1882382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary guidelines for many Western countries base their edible oil and fat recommendations solely on saturated fatty acid content. This study aims to demonstrate which nutritional and bioactive components make up commonly consumed edible oils and fats; and explore the health effects and strength of evidence for key nutritional and bioactive components of edible oils. An umbrella review was conducted in several stages. Food composition databases of Australia and the United States of America, and studies were examined to profile nutrient and bioactive content of edible oils and fats. PUBMED and Cochrane databases were searched for umbrella reviews, systematic literature reviews of randomized controlled trials or cohort studies, individual randomized controlled trials, and individual cohort studies to examine the effect of the nutrient or bioactive on high-burden chronic diseases (cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, cancer, mental illness, cognitive impairment). Substantial systematic literature review evidence was identified for fatty acid categories, tocopherols, biophenols, and phytosterols. Insufficient evidence was identified for squalene. The evidence supports high mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid compositions, total biophenol content, phytosterols, and possibly high α-tocopherol content as having beneficial effects on high-burden health comes. Future dietary guidelines should use a more sophisticated approach to judge edible oils beyond saturated fatty acid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B Teasdale
- Department of Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Skye Marshall
- Department of Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.,Bond University Nutrition & Dietetics Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Kylie Abbott
- Department of Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tim Cassettari
- Department of Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Translational Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily Duve
- Department of Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Translational Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
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Roesler A, Marshall S, Rahimi‐Ardabili H, Duve E, Abbott K, Blumfield M, Cassettari T, Fayet‐Moore F. Choosing and following a very low calorie diet program in Australia: A quasi‐mixed methods study to understand experiences, barriers, and facilitators in a self‐initiated environment. Nutr Diet 2020; 78:202-217. [DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Roesler
- Nutrition Research Australia Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Skye Marshall
- Nutrition Research Australia Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Bond University Nutrition and Dietetics Research Group, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine Bond University Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| | | | - Emily Duve
- Nutrition Research Australia Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Kylie Abbott
- Nutrition Research Australia Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | | | - Tim Cassettari
- Nutrition Research Australia Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Abbott K, Burrows TL, Acharya S, Thota RN, Garg ML. Dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid rich fish oil increases circulating levels of testosterone in overweight and obese men. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 163:102204. [PMID: 33221700 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pre-clinical evidence suggests that omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in particular, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been shown to affect testosterone synthesis in males. This study is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial which determined the effect of a DHA-enriched fish oil supplement on insulin resistance. The aim of the current study was to determine whether testosterone levels change in response to a DHA-enriched fish oil intervention. Overweight and obese men and women without diabetes were recruited to the study. Participants were stratified by sex and randomly allocated to intervention (860 mg DHA + 120 g EPA/day; FO) or an isocaloric control (corn oil; CO) for 12 weeks. A fasted blood sample was collected pre- and post-intervention. Fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes was measured using gas chromatography. Total testosterone and metabolic parameters were measured by an accredited commercial pathology laboratory. Sixty-one participants (CO/FO: n = 29/32) were included in the current analysis (male: n = 22, 36.07%). DHA-enriched fish oil supplementation increased total testosterone levels in males after adjusting for baseline levels, age and BMI. There was no treatment effect in females. Changes in testosterone levels in males were positively associated with changes to omega-3 PUFAs EPA and DHA and inversely correlated with omega-6 PUFA, arachidonic acid and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid content in erythrocyte membranes, and was associated with beneficial changes to fasting insulin and HOMA-IR across the course of the study. DHA-enriched fish oil supplementation increases testosterone levels in overweight and obese men. Further research is warranted to substantiate these findings with a larger sample size and a longer follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Abbott
- Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tracy L Burrows
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shamasunder Acharya
- School of Public Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Rohith N Thota
- Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Manohar L Garg
- Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Corresponding author: 305C Medical Sciences Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW - 2308, AUSTRALIA, Tel.: +61 2 4921 5647..
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Marshall S, Petocz P, Duve E, Abbott K, Cassettari T, Blumfield M, Fayet-Moore F. The Effect of Replacing Refined Grains with Whole Grains on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials with GRADE Clinical Recommendation. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020; 120:1859-1883.e31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Blumfield M, Abbott K, Duve E, Cassettari T, Marshall S, Fayet-Moore F. Examining the health effects and bioactive components in Agaricus bisporus mushrooms: a scoping review. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 84:108453. [PMID: 32653808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence from both in vitro and animal models that the consumption of edible mushrooms has beneficial effects on health. It is unclear whether similar effects exist in humans and which bioactive compounds are present. This review synthesises the evidence on the world's most commonly consumed mushroom, Agaricus bisporus to (i) examine its effect on human health outcomes; and (ii) determine the nutrient density of its bioactive compounds, which may explain their health effects. A systematic literature search was conducted on the consumption of A. bisporus, without date and study design limits. Bioactive compounds included ergosterol, ergothioneine, flavonoids, glucans and chitin. Two authors independently identified studies for inclusion and assessed methodological quality. Beneficial effects of A. bisporus on metabolic syndrome, immune function, gastrointestinal health and cancer, with the strongest evidence for the improvement in Vitamin D status in humans, were found. Ultraviolet B (UVB) exposed mushrooms may increase and maintain serum 25(OH)D levels to a similar degree as vitamin D supplements. A. bisporus contain beta-glucans, ergosterol, ergothioneine, vitamin D and an antioxidant compound usually reported as flavonoids; with varying concentrations depending on the type of mushroom, cooking method and duration, and UVB exposure. Further research is required to fully elucidate the bioactive compounds in mushrooms using vigorous analytical methods and expand the immunological markers being tested. To enable findings to be adopted into clinical practice and public health initiatives, replication of existing studies in different population groups is required to confirm the impact of A. bisporus on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Blumfield
- BNutrDiet (Hons), PhD, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kylie Abbott
- BNutrDiet (Hons), PhD, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Nutraceuticals Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Emily Duve
- BPESS, MPH, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tim Cassettari
- BSc(Hons), BAppSc, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Skye Marshall
- BNutrDiet (Hons), PhD, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Bond University, Nutrition and Dietetics Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Flavia Fayet-Moore
- BSc(Hons), MNutrDiet, PhD, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Abbott K, Thota R, Burrows T, Acharya S, Garg M. Sex-dependent relationship between n -3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and insulin resistance: A systematic review. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2015.12.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Huprikar S, Danziger-Isakov L, Ahn J, Naugler S, Blumberg E, Avery RK, Koval C, Lease ED, Pillai A, Doucette KE, Levitsky J, Morris MI, Lu K, McDermott JK, Mone T, Orlowski JP, Dadhania DM, Abbott K, Horslen S, Laskin BL, Mougdil A, Venkat VL, Korenblat K, Kumar V, Grossi P, Bloom RD, Brown K, Kotton CN, Kumar D. Solid organ transplantation from hepatitis B virus-positive donors: consensus guidelines for recipient management. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:1162-72. [PMID: 25707744 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Use of organs from donors testing positive for hepatitis B virus (HBV) may safely expand the donor pool. The American Society of Transplantation convened a multidisciplinary expert panel that reviewed the existing literature and developed consensus recommendations for recipient management following the use of organs from HBV positive donors. Transmission risk is highest with liver donors and significantly lower with non-liver (kidney and thoracic) donors. Antiviral prophylaxis significantly reduces the rate of transmission to liver recipients from isolated HBV core antibody positive (anti-HBc+) donors. Organs from anti-HBc+ donors should be considered for all adult transplant candidates after an individualized assessment of the risks and benefits and appropriate patient consent. Indefinite antiviral prophylaxis is recommended in liver recipients with no immunity or vaccine immunity but not in liver recipients with natural immunity. Antiviral prophylaxis may be considered for up to 1 year in susceptible non-liver recipients but is not recommended in immune non-liver recipients. Although no longer the treatment of choice in patients with chronic HBV, lamivudine remains the most cost-effective choice for prophylaxis in this setting. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Huprikar
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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Garg M, Abbott K, Veysey M, Lucock M, Niblett S, King K, Burrows T. Association Between Omega‐3 Index and Type 2 Diabetes in Older Overweight/Obese People is Sex Dependent. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.lb272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manohar Garg
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy University of NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia
| | - Kylie Abbott
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy University of NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia
- School of Health Sciences University of NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia
| | - Martin Veysey
- School of Medicine & Public Health University of NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia
| | - Mark Lucock
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences University of Newcastle Ourimbah NSWAustralia
| | - Suzanne Niblett
- School of Medicine & Public Health University of NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia
| | - Katrina King
- School of Medicine & Public Health University of NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia
| | - Tracy Burrows
- School of Health Sciences University of NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia
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Abbott K, Veysey M, Lucock M, Niblett S, King K, Burrows T, Garg M. N-3 pufa status is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in older Australians. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2014.10.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Guido R, Macer J, Abbott K, Falls J, Tilley I, Chudnoff S. Long-Term Efficacy of Radiofrequency Volumetric Thermal Ablation (RFVTA) of Symptomatic Uterine Fibroids. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Biermann F, Abbott K, Andresen S, Backstrand K, Bernstein S, Betsill MM, Bulkeley H, Cashore B, Clapp J, Folke C, Gupta A, Gupta J, Haas PM, Jordan A, Kanie N, Kluvankova-Oravska T, Lebel L, Liverman D, Meadowcroft J, Mitchell RB, Newell P, Oberthur S, Olsson L, Pattberg P, Sanchez-Rodriguez R, Schroeder H, Underdal A, Vieira SC, Vogel C, Young OR, Brock A, Zondervan R. Navigating the Anthropocene: Improving Earth System Governance. Science 2012; 335:1306-7. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1217255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Levine D, Harris M, Berman J, Macer J, Abbott K, Lee B. Leiomyoma Assessment by Intra-Abdominal Ultrasound Compared to Preoperative Ultrasound and Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abbott K, Klarenaar P, Donaldson A, Sherker S. Evaluating SafeClub: can risk management training improve the safety activities of community soccer clubs? Br J Sports Med 2008; 42:460-5. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2007.041467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Klarenaar P, Abbott K. 416 The need for a risk management approach to community sports safety. J Sci Med Sport 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1440-2440(17)30914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abbott K, Klarenaar P, Sherker S, Donaldson A, Cross G. 389 Measuring the success of ‘SafeClub’: can risk management training improve community sports safety? J Sci Med Sport 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1440-2440(17)30886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Reddacliff LA, McGregor H, Abbott K, Whittington RJ. Field evaluation of tracer sheep for the detection of early natural infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis. Aust Vet J 2004; 82:426-33. [PMID: 15354852 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2004.tb11135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether tracer sheep could be used to detect S strain Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis on pasture, and to provide further insight into the early stages of infection. DESIGN A field study on two farms in an endemic area for ovine Johne's disease in New South Wales. Procedure Lambs, weaners and adult ewes were introduced to pasture with varying amounts of M. a. paratuberculosis contamination and monitored using skin tests, gamma interferon assay, faecal culture and serial necropsy of small groups for up to 15 months after first exposure. RESULTS Culture from tissues was the most sensitive method for detecting early infection in sheep after natural exposure to S strain M. a. paratuberculosis. The organism was detected in at least one introduced sheep from every exposed group, 6 to 12 months after first exposure. Histopathological lesions were detected in only 17% of culture-positive sheep, and only after at least 8 months of exposure. Similarly, antemortem diagnostic tests had low sensitivity during the early stages of naturally acquired infection. There was no evidence of any differences in infection rate between sheep first exposed as neonates, as weaners or as adults. A higher proportion of lambs born to ewes from an infected flock were infected than lambs suckling uninfected ewes introduced to the same infected environment, and infection was detected earlier in these 'resident' lambs. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that groups of unexposed 'tracer' sheep, tested by culture of tissues at slaughter 6 to 12 months after first exposure, might be a useful way to assess pasture infectivity in control programs for ovine Johne's disease.
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Sucec AA, Stenqvist J, Abbott K, Dunn R. Endurance Performance and Lactate Threshold Declines at Low Altitude (1,410 m) in Female and Male Distance Runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200405001-00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Stock S, Ignatiev K, Lee P, Abbott K, Pachman L. Pathological calcification in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM): microCT and synchrotron x-ray diffraction reveal hydroxyapatite with varied microstructures. Connect Tissue Res 2004; 45:248-56. [PMID: 15763934 DOI: 10.1080/03008200490903066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to begin to relate the microstructure of calcinosis samples to clinical and laboratory characteristics of the juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) patients. Laboratory x-ray microCT (micro-Computed Tomography) noninvasively mapped microstructure for the first time in JDM calcifications. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction (transmission geometry) identified the mineral phase and crystallite size in the deposits. Samples were obtained from four children who had active JDM longer than 80 months and who were typed for TNFalpha-308 allele polymorphisms. Uniform mineral (giving the appearance of an extruded solid) was observed in one patient, and irregular blocks of differing sizes filled the samples from two other patients. The sample from the fourth patient appeared to combine features of the other two types. These spatial distributions of mineral were quite different from those in a bone reference sample. The only mineral observed in the JDM samples was hydroxyapatite (HAP), and the diffraction peaks of the JDM samples were slightly narrower than those of a trabecular bone reference sample. Diffraction peak widths of the JDM specimens revealed crystallite sizes (approximately 220-240 A) that are comparable to values reported in the literature for bone. Three children were positive for TNFalpha-308 GA polymorphism. The data suggest several possible origins for blocky vs. uniform structure of the JDM calcifications, including differences in duration of untreated inflammation, in TNFalpha-308 polymorphism, and in mechanical constraint at the calcification site. Information from additional samples is required to determine the relative role of each of these factors. Taken together, non-invasive microCT and x-ray diffraction characterization on the same samples offer an informative window into the dystrophic mineralization process in JDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stock
- Institute for Bioengineering and Nanoscience in Advanced Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611-3008, USA.
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Abstract
Two cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis associated with neurological involvement, one with encephalitis (defined by abnormal neurological signs, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis and detection of rotavirus genomic nucleic acid in the CSF) and one with a non-inflammatory encephalopathy (defined by abnormal neurological signs, an entirely normal CSF and detection of rotavirus genomic nucleic acid in the CSF), are presented and used as a basis to review and explore potential pathogenetic mechanisms, including direct viral replication within neurons and indirect effects of the newly described rotavirus 'enterotoxin'.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Goldwater
- The Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia.
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Abbott K. Genetic information: what is the patient's family entitled to know? J Nurs Law 1999; 6:15-21. [PMID: 14696641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Abbott
- Saint Barnabas Health Care System, Livingston, New Jersey, USA
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Abstract
The effects of the administration of acetazolamide and thiamine (A + T) on the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia (TD) and parkinsonism of 8 elderly and 25 younger chronic hospitalized mental patients were examined in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, counterbalanced two-period cross-over study with initial baselines and intervening washout periods. All patients were maintained on their prestudy psychoactive and anti-Parkinson medications, without alteration, throughout the study. The elderly group received 1.5 g acetazolamide and thiamine per day in three divided doses for 3 weeks. The younger group received 1.5 g thiamine and 2.0 g acetazolamide per day in divided doses for 2 months. Both groups showed a significant decrease in scores on the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (TD) and the Simpson-Angus Neurological Rating Scale (parkinsonism) while on A + T. The A + T effects were unrelated to age, gender, diagnosis, or maintenance medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Cowen
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nance
- General Paediatrics Division, Women's and Children's Hospital, University of Adelaide, Australia
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Abbott K. Brain injury and paediatric cardiac surgery. J Clin Neurosci 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0967-5868(96)90045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
The present study was designated to assess the effects of two different dyhydropyridine calcium antagonists (DHPCAs) on proteinuria in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The hypothesis that similar levels of blood pressure reduction with two different DHPCAs produce similar degrees of proteinuria reduction was tested. In a prospective randomized study, 14 patients with NIDDM, hypertension, proteinuria, and renal insufficiency were given either isradipine (n = 7) or nifedipine XL (n = 7) for 6 months. After a 2-week washout period, patients were crossed over to the other drug and observed for an additional 6 months. Drugs were titrated to lower arterial pressure to < 140/90 mmHg. Patients also instructed to follow a low-sodium diet at the initial visit. Blood pressure and 24-hour urine values for creatinine clearance, albuminuria, proteinuria, and sodium were assessed monthly. At the end of the initial and crossover treatment periods, there were no significant reductions in the level of albuminuria from baseline with either drug. Sodium excretion was < 110 mEq/L with each drug tested. The results of this study support the concept that DHPCAs do not reduce proteinuria in patients with type II diabetes. This failure to reduce albuminuria and proteinuria occurred despite adequate blood pressure reduction and an effort at dietary sodium restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Abbott
- Department of Medicine, Brook Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Macey AC, Burke FD, Abbott K, Barton NJ, Bradbury E, Bradley A, Bradley MJ, Brady O, Burt A, Brown P. Outcomes of hand surgery. British Society for Surgery of the Hand. J Hand Surg Br 1995; 20:841-55. [PMID: 8770753 DOI: 10.1016/s0266-7681(95)80059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The findings are presented of a conference on Outcomes of Hand Surgery organized by the audit committee of British Society for Surgery of the Hand in 1993. Measures of outcome in terms of movement, power, sensibility, pain, activities of daily living, complications and patient satisfaction are considered, and an example of a patient evaluation measure given as an appendix.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Macey
- Pulvertaft Hand Centre, Derby Royal Infirmary, UK
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Abstract
Early childhood experiences with painful injections may lead to anxiety and fear. These reactions need not develop if steps are taken to reduce the pain associated with injections. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of a refrigerant topical anesthetic in reducing injection pain in preschool children experiencing routine diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) immunizations. This double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted in community health clinics in conjunction with ongoing immunization programs. Ninety subjects, aged 4-5.5 years, were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (a) refrigerant topical anesthetic; (b) placebo topical spray; and (c) no-spray control. Pain was measured subjectively using a four-point visual analogue scale. Both the refrigerant topical anesthetic spray and the placebo spray significantly reduced injection pain. Age was found to be an important factor influencing pain response in this study. Parental anxiety was not a significant factor influencing pain response. In addition, parents were not good at predicting their child's pain. The results of the study support the use of an intervention, such as refrigerant topical anesthetic, as a practical, simple, and effective treatment strategy for reduction of short-term painful procedures like injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Abbott
- Department of Medicine, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Hunter SB, Abbott K, Varma VA, Olson JJ, Barnett DW, James CD. Reliability of differential PCR for the detection of EGFR and MDM2 gene amplification in DNA extracted from FFPE glioma tissue. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1995; 54:57-64. [PMID: 7815080 DOI: 10.1097/00005072-199501000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 43 human gliomas, consisting of 30 glioblastomas, 7 anaplastic astrocytomas, 3 low grade astrocytomas, 2 ependymomas, and 1 oligodendroglioma, was studied for amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) genes. DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections was analyzed by differential PCR and the results were compared with slot blot examination of DNA extracted from frozen tissue from the same neoplasms. Twelve glioblastomas (40%) showed amplification of the EGFR gene, and overexpression of EGFR was evident in each of these tumors as indicated by the immunoperoxidase technique. Two of the tumors with EGFR gene amplification also revealed amplification of the MDM2 gene, while one additional glioblastoma revealed MDM2 amplification only. A 100% concordance in the detection of amplification was observed between differential PCR and slot blot analysis; consequently, these results indicate that differential PCR using DNA extracted from archival tissue sections is a reliable method of demonstrating gene amplifications in glial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Hunter
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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Hills MD, Lindsey AE, Chisamore M, Bassett-Smith J, Abbott K, Fournier-Chalmers J. University-College Collaboration: Rethinking Curriculum Development in Nursing Education. J Nurs Educ 1994; 33:220-5. [PMID: 8051573 DOI: 10.3928/0148-4834-19940501-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The behavioral approach to curriculum development is inadequate to educate nurses to practice in the future health care system. As a result of a government initiative, a Canadian university and four community colleges had an opportunity to collaborate on development of a nursing program and thereby consider alternative approaches to curriculum development. This paper describes the process used to develop this curriculum and provides an overview of the curriculum development model that emerged. A community development process characterized by a commitment to be futuristic and visionary about nursing while making curriculum decisions was established. The curriculum model that emerged used a phenomenological exploration of our common vision for nursing in the future. The resulting curriculum is based on a human science paradigm that encourages nurses to work from a health promotion perspective with an ethic of caring.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Hills
- Collaborative Nursing Program, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Abstract
Carcinoma of the esophagus shows a strong male predominance and other epidemiologic differences from cancers arising at other sites. In this study, the prevalence of Y chromosome loss in 29 carcinomas of the esophagus and 53 carcinomas arising elsewhere in the aerodigestive tract was assessed by in situ hybridization of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Absence of the Y chromosome was defined as (1) negative staining for Y in neoplastic cells with positive staining for Y in immediately adjacent nonneoplastic epithelial and stromal cells, (2) positive staining of neoplastic cells with control probes for chromosomes X and 17, and (3) similar results at different stringencies and levels of protein digestion. According to these criteria, absence of the Y chromosome was observed in 13 of 14 (93%) adenocarcinomas of the esophagus, 8 of 13 (62%) squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus, and 5 of 53 (9%) carcinomas arising in other sites. For the neoplasms examined, Y chromosome deletion was strongly and selectively associated with carcinomas, particularly adenocarcinomas, of the esophagus (P < .0001). These findings suggest that Y chromosome loss may be pathogenetically significant in these neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hunter
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Hunter SB, Bandea C, Swan D, Abbott K, Varma VA. Mutations in the p53 gene in human astrocytomas: detection by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct DNA sequencing. Mod Pathol 1993; 6:442-5. [PMID: 8415589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The p53 gene was examined in a series of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded astrocytic neoplasms of various types by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP), and direct sequencing of amplified DNA. PCR primers were designed to amplify three DNA fragments encompassing exons 5, 7, and 8 with splice sites, including all four mutational "hot spots" within this gene. SSCP was performed in a polyacrylamide gel containing 10% glycerol. Two mutations were found among the 20 high and intermediate grade adult astrocytomas studied by this sensitive screening technique and confirmed by sequencing of the PCR product. (1) An anaplastic astrocytoma disclosed a T-A transversion in Codon 246 giving rise to a methionine to lysine amino acid substitution. (2) A giant cell glioblastoma disclosed a G to A transition in Codon 285 resulting in a glutamic acid to lysine substitution. Both mutations were associated with loss of the normal allele. Twenty-three DNA fragments that disclosed no mutation by SSCP analysis were confirmed to be negative by direct sequencing of amplified DNA. No mutations were detected in a series of eight juvenile cerebellar astrocytomas, a biologically distinct form of low-grade astrocytoma. Mutations of the p53 gene may play an important pathogenetic role in a subset of human astrocytomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Hunter
- Grady Memorial Hospital, Emory University, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA
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Abbott K, Fasciano A, Barr J, Gouge S. Evaluation of gender differences in urine specific gravity and serum electrolytes in response to varied fluid intake and ibuprofen use. Mil Med 1993; 158:131-5. [PMID: 8487961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat casualties and other conditions related to suboptimal fluid intake (FI) are common in the military. Current methods to assess FI do not address gender differences or medication use, specifically non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are commonly used in the field. Nine men and six women were prospectively studied while stationed in Saudi Arabia. Urine specific gravity and serum electrolytes were monitored as FI was varied before and after daily ibuprofen (IBP) ingestion. IBP impaired urinary dilution in both men and women, but differences were not statistically significant pre- and post-IBP or between genders. Use of IBP or other NSAIDs may confound usual methods to ensure adequate FI, and soldiers should be specifically questioned about their use before such assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Abbott
- Nephrology Division, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234-6200
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Abbott K. Student nurses' conceptions of computer use in hospitals. Comput Nurs 1993; 11:78-89. [PMID: 8457938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the author reports on a study that investigated the conceptions and attitudes of community college diploma nursing students toward the use of computers in hospitals. Data were collected during 35 audio-taped interviews, which were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Findings indicated that students had little understanding of how computers are used by nurses today and how they might be used in the future. Four categories of student conceptions of the use of computers by hospital-employed nurses emerged: workload, patient care, image, and professionalism. Conceptions within each category were grouped into subcategories that supported the notion that hospital employed nurse's work was enhanced or detracted from by computer use. Although the majority of students had a positive attitude toward computer use by nurses, their conceptions differed in quality or complexity in direct proportion to the year in the program and their amount of clinical experience. Nurse educators have a two-fold responsibility: 1) to foster positive attitudes toward computer use; and 2) to facilitate the learning process so that students' levels of conception increase throughout the nursing program.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Abbott
- University of Victoria, University College of the Cariboo, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
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Abbott K, Blair F, Duncan S. Participatory research. Can Nurse 1993; 89:25-7. [PMID: 8425166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- K Abbott
- Agency for Relief and Development P.O. Box 20546 East Jerusalem via Israel
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Abbott K. Therapeutic use of play in the psychological preparation of preschool children undergoing cardiac surgery. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs 1990; 13:265-77. [PMID: 2133144 DOI: 10.3109/01460869009014489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hospitalization and surgery are generally accepted as stressful situations for children. A review of the literature indicates therapeutic play is effective in helping children cope with stressful situations. This article further illustrates the benefits of using therapeutic play in the psychological preparation of preschool children undergoing cardiac surgery. Play as a useful assessment and intervention tool for the nurse is examined.
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Abstract
Twenty-four chronic schizophrenic patients were treated successfully with the addition of acetazolamide and thiamine (A + T) to their unchanged existing therapies in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Therapeutic effects were measured by the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. Overall, 50% of the patients showed improvement on all assessment scales. No untoward effects occurred in these patients or in patients in previous studies who have been treated continuously with A + T therapy for as long as 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sacks
- Cerebral Metabolism Laboratory, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962
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44
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Abstract
Four unrelated infants with neonatal thrombocytopenia associated with congenital blindness and porencephaly have been seen over an 18-year period. The association of congenital blindness with neonatal thrombocytopenia has not previously been reported. All children had clinical purpura in the neonatal period; in three cases, thrombocytopenia was confirmed, while in one case, the diagnosis of thrombocytopenia was presumptive; in two cases, there was evidence of circulating maternal serum platelet isoantibodies. Extensive investigation for intrauterine infection was negative in the three cases with confirmed thrombocytopenia. The thrombocytopenia resolved spontaneously after the neonatal period. It is postulated that the porencephalies were the consequence of prenatal cerebrovascular episodes. The etiology of the optic atrophy is unclear. Serial cranial ultrasound investigation is recommended for all neonates with thrombocytopenia, even if neurologically asymptomatic in the neonatal period, and serial prenatal cranial ultrasound investigation is recommended for infants of mothers with a history of having previously had infants with neonatal isoimmune thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Manson
- Department of Neurology, Adelaide Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
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45
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Abstract
A questionnaire on the use of splintage before and after operations for Dupuytren's contracture has been completed by 45 hand surgeons and ten hand therapists. None considered that preoperative splintage was beneficial, but nearly all used some form of splintage after operation. The types of splint and programmes for using them varied widely, and these are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Abbott
- Occupational Therapy Department, Derbyshire Royal Infirmary, London
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46
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Abstract
A questionnaire on the use of splintage before and after operations for Dupuytren’s contracture has been completed by 45 hand surgeons and ten hand therapists. None considered that preoperative splintage was beneficial, but nearly all used some form of splintage after operation. The types of splint and programmes for using them varied widely, and these are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Abbott
- Occupational Therapy Department, Derbyshire Royal Infirmary, London
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47
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Davidson GP, Abbott K. Guillain-Barré syndrome. Med J Aust 1987; 146:401. [PMID: 3561307 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb120326.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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48
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49
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Stone K, Parker D, Abbott K, Chalkley J. Nursing Mirror mental health forum. Making decisions. Nurs Mirror 1984; 158:ii-v. [PMID: 6558665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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50
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Schmidt RR, Abbott K, Cotler JM. In vitro effects of the teratogen and folic acid antagonist, 9-methyl pteroylglutamic acid, on glycosaminoglycan accumulation in fetal rat limbs. Teratology 1982; 26:53-7. [PMID: 7135258 DOI: 10.1002/tera.1420260108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Fetal rat limbs were obtained from pregnant females on the 14th day of gestation. Forelimbs and hindlimbs were pooled separately and preincubated for 22 hours at 37 degrees C in Eagle's MEM containing the teratogen and folic acid antagonist, 9-methyl pteroylglutamic acid (9-mePGA). Following removal of old medium, fresh medium together with the teratogen were added at the same concentration as before. Tritiated glucosamine (10 micro Ci) was added to each vial and the incubation continued for 4 hours at 37 degrees C. Tissues were homogenized, digested with pronase, and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) selectively precipitated with cetylpyridinium chloride. In vitro exposure of fetal limbs to various doses of 9-mePGA resulted in a significant increase in the accumulation of labeled GAG by fetal forelimbs at the high and intermediate dosage levels. No effect was observed at the lowest dose. Accumulation of labeled GAG by fetal hindlimbs although similar to fetal forelimbs in control incubations, was unaffected by in vitro exposure to 9-mePGA at any of the dosage levels studied.
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