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Seo N, Lee YM, Kim YJ, Sung JH, Hur KY, Choi SJ, Roh CR, Oh SY. Obesity Is Associated With Higher Risk of Adverse Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Than Supervised Gestational Diabetes. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e268. [PMID: 37605501 PMCID: PMC10442500 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike gestational diabetic mellitus (GDM), which is strictly managed by most patients and physicians, obesity does not have proper management guidelines, and the importance of its management during pregnancy is often ignored. The aim of this study was to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes according to obesity and GDM, alone or in combination. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of 3,078 consecutive pregnant women who experienced prenatal care and delivery of a live singleton neonate between January 2016 and December 2020 at our institution. Study participants were categorized into 4 mutually exclusive groups, as follows: group 1, no GDM without obesity; group 2, GDM without obesity; group 3, no GDM with obesity; and group 4, GDM with obesity. RESULTS Compared to group 2, group 3 had higher rates of pre-eclampsia, cesarean section including emergent cesarean section rate. Also, neonates in group 3 were heavier and had lower glucose levels compared to those in group 2. Of note, there was no significant difference in maternal or neonatal outcomes except the rate of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) between group 1 and group 2. Among the GDM groups, group 4 had higher risks for pre-eclampsia, cesarean section, and LGA infant status than group 2. CONCLUSION Our data showed that obese women without GDM face higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes than women with supervised GDM and non-obese women. We also confirmed that adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with GDM were mainly attributable to obesity among women receiving GDM education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namju Seo
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - You Min Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye-Jin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Sung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Yeon Hur
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk-Joo Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheong-Rae Roh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Young Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Kim M, Hur KY, Choi SJ, Oh SY, Roh CR. Influence of Pre-Pregnancy Underweight Body Mass Index on Fetal Abdominal Circumference, Estimated Weight, and Pregnancy Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab J 2022; 46:499-505. [PMID: 35067010 PMCID: PMC9171156 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the influence of pre-pregnancy body mass index on pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), comparing underweight patients with GDM with normal weight patients with GDM. Maternal baseline characteristics, ultrasonographic results, and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were reviewed in 946 women with GDM with singleton pregnancies. Underweight patients with GDM showed a benign course in most aspects during pregnancy, except for developing a higher risk of giving birth to small for gestational age neonates. Underweight women with GDM required less insulin treatment, had a higher rate of vaginal delivery, and had a lower rate of cesarean delivery. In addition, their neonates were more likely to have fetal abdominal circumference and estimated fetal weight below the 10th percentile both at the time of GDM diagnosis and before delivery. Notably, their risk for preeclampsia and macrosomia were lower. Collectively, our data suggest that underweight women with GDM may require a different approach in terms of diagnosis and management throughout their pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Yeon Hur
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk-Joo Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Young Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheong-Rae Roh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee DY, Jee JH, Cho YY, Jang JY, Yu TY, Kim TH, Hong YJ, Hong WJ, Jin SM, Hur KY, Kim JH, Kim SW, Chung JH, Lee MK, Min YK. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D cutoffs for functional bone measures in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:1377-1384. [PMID: 28188454 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3892-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study sought to determine the minimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration required to maintain bone health in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. A serum 25(OH)D concentration of 20 ng/mL rather than 30 ng/mL was appropriate for bone health. INTRODUCTION There is no consensus on the minimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration required to maintain bone health. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between 25(OH)D measured via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), which is the current gold standard, and biochemical markers of bone turnover, PTH, and bone mineral densitometry (BMD). METHODS The medical records of 750 postmenopausal women newly diagnosed with osteoporosis or osteopenia at Samsung Medical Center from 2009 to 2014 were investigated. Subjects were divided into four groups according to serum 25(OH)D concentration: <10, 10-20, 20-30, and ≥30 ng/mL. Serum concentrations of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BS-ALP), carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTx), intact PTH (iPTH), and BMD were compared among the four groups using analysis of covariance. Thresholds of 25(OH)D were then assessed using spline plots and locally weighted regression smoothing (LOESS) plots. RESULTS 25(OH)D was negatively correlated with serum BS-ALP, CTx, and iPTH. Only femur neck and total femur BMD had significant positive relationships with 25(OH)D. Cutoff values of 11.9 and 9.7 ng/mL were estimated from the spline plots of femur neck and total femur BMD, respectively. For iPTH, the LOESS plot showed a steep decrease to a serum 25(OH)D concentration of about 20 ng/mL, followed by a plateau. CONCLUSIONS According to this study, a serum 25(OH)D concentration of 20 ng/mL, rather than 30 ng/mL, was appropriate for bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J H Jee
- Department of Health Promotion Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y Y Cho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Y Jang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - T Y Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - T H Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y J Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - W-J Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S-M Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K Y Hur
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S W Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J H Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - M K Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y-K Min
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Park SM, Joung JY, Cho YY, Sohn SY, Hur KY, Kim JH, Kim SW, Chung JH, Lee MK, Min YK. Effect of high dietary sodium on bone turnover markers and urinary calcium excretion in Korean postmenopausal women with low bone mass. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 69:361-6. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jin SM, Kim TH, Oh S, Baek J, Joung JY, Park SM, Cho YY, Sohn SY, Hur KY, Lee MS, Lee MK, Kim JH. Association between the extent of urinary albumin excretion and glycaemic variability indices measured by continuous glucose monitoring. Diabet Med 2015; 32:274-9. [PMID: 25307609 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The contribution of glycaemic variability to the microvascular complication of diabetes has not been established. We examined whether there is an independent association between indices of glycaemic variability in continuous glucose monitoring and extent of albuminuria. METHODS A total of 173 patients with Type 2 diabetes (without insulin therapy, n = 96; with insulin therapy, n = 77) who had unexplained large fluctuations in blood glucose values underwent three-day continuous glucose monitoring. We used a multinomial logistic regression model to determine whether the indices of glycaemic variability independently affected the odds of having a spot urine albumin/creatinine ratio of 30-299 mg/g and ≥ 300 mg/g. RESULTS Higher standard deviation (P = 0.002), mean of daily differences (P = 0.023) and mean amplitude of glycaemic excursion (P = 0.043) significantly increased the odds of having a urine albumin/creatinine ratio of ≥ 300 mg/g. In multivariable analysis, only higher standard deviation, but not mean amplitude of glycaemic excursion and mean of daily differences, independently increased the odds of having a urine albumin/creatinine ratio of ≥ 300 mg/g (P = 0.025). Coefficient of variation (sd/mean) was not associated with the odds of having a urine albumin/creatinine ratio of 30-299 or ≥ 300 mg/g. CONCLUSIONS The independent association between standard deviation and the extent of albuminuria was lost when the measures were normalized by mean glucose level. At least in terms of relative measures of glycaemic variability, we failed to demonstrate an independent association between glycaemic variability and albuminuria extent in patients with inadequately controlled Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-M Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Quan W, Hur KY, Lim Y, Oh SH, Lee JC, Kim KH, Kim GH, Kim SW, Kim HL, Lee MK, Kim KW, Kim J, Komatsu M, Lee MS. Autophagy deficiency in beta cells leads to compromised unfolded protein response and progression from obesity to diabetes in mice. Diabetologia 2012; 55:392-403. [PMID: 22075916 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The unfolded protein response (UPR) in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and autophagy are known to be related. We investigated the role of autophagy in UPR of pancreatic beta cells and the susceptibility of autophagy-deficient beta cells to the ER stress that is implicated in the development of diabetes. METHODS Rat insulin promoter (RIP)-Cre(+);autophagy-related 7 (Atg7)(F/W) mice were bred with ob/w mice to derive RIP-Cre(+);Atg7(F/F)-ob/ob mice and to induce ER stress in vivo. GFP-LC3(+)-ob/ob mice were generated to examine in vivo autophagic activity. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to study the expression of the genes of the UPR machinery. Proteolysis was assessed by determining release of incorporated radioactive leucine. RESULTS Production of UPR machinery was reduced in autophagy-deficient beta cells, which was associated with diminished production of p85α and p85β regulatory subunits of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Because of compromised UPR machinery, autophagy-deficient beta cells were susceptible to ER stressors in vitro. When mice with beta cell-specific autophagy deficiency, which have mild hyperglycaemia, were bred with ob/ob mice to induce ER stress in vivo, severe diabetes developed, which was accompanied by an increase in beta cell death and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The increased demand for UPR present in obesity was unmet in autophagy-deficient beta cells. Autophagy level and autophagic activity were enhanced by lipid, while proteolysis was reduced. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results suggest that autophagy is important for intact UPR machinery and appropriate UPR in response to lipid injury that increases demand for UPR. Autophagy deficiency in pancreatic beta cells may contribute to the progression from obesity to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Quan
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul 135-710, South Korea
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by decreased insulin secretion and action. Decreased insulin secretion results from a reduction in pancreatic β-cell mass and/or function. Apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses including JNK activation have been suggested as mechanisms for the changes of pancreatic β-cells in T2D; however, the underlying causes were not clearly elucidated. Autophagy is an intracellular process that plays crucial roles in cellular homeostasis through degradation and recycling of organelles. We have reported increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation of β-cells with resultant reduction in the β-cell mass in β-cell-specific autophagy-deficient mice. Morphological analysis of β-cells revealed accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, swollen mitochondria and distended ER. Insulin secretory function ex vivo was also impaired. As a result, β-cell-specific autophagy-deficient mice showed hypoinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia. These results suggested that autophagy is necessary to maintain the structure, mass and function of pancreatic β-cells. In addition, as autophagy may play a protective role against ER stress and rejuvenates organelle function, impaired autophagy may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress, which have been implicated as potential causes of insulin resistance. Therefore, in addition to β-cell homeostasis, dysregulated autophagy may possibly be involved in diverse aspects of the pathogenesis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Hur
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim SK, Hur KY, Kim HJ, Shim WS, Ahn CW, Park SW, Cho YW, Lim SK, Lee HC, Cha BS. The increase in abdominal subcutaneous fat depot is an independent factor to determine the glycemic control after rosiglitazone treatment. Eur J Endocrinol 2007; 157:167-74. [PMID: 17656594 DOI: 10.1530/eje-07-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal was to investigate the interrelationships between the hypoglycemic effects of rosiglitazone and the changes in the regional adiposity of type 2 diabetic patients. DESIGN AND METHODS We added rosiglitazone (4 mg/day) to 173 diabetic patients (111 males and 62 females) already taking a stable dose of conventional antidiabetic medications except for thiazolidinediones. The abdominal fat distribution was assessed by ultrasonography at baseline and 12 weeks later. Using ultrasonographic images, the s.c. and visceral fat thickness (SFT and VFT respectively) were measured. RESULTS Rosiglitazone treatment for 3 months improved the glycemic control. However, the response to rosiglitazone was no more than 36.4%; the deterioration of the glycemic control was found in 16.8% of subjects. In addition, rosiglitazone treatment significantly increased the body fat mass, especially the s.c. fat. However that did not alter the visceral fat content. The percentage changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations after treatment were inversely correlated with the increase in SFT (r=-0.327 and -0.353, P<0.001 respectively) and/or body weight (r=-0.316 and -0.327, P<0.001 respectively). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the improvement in the FPG after rosiglitazone treatment was correlated with the baseline FPG (P<0.001) and the change in the SFT (P=0.019), and the reduction in the HbA1c was related with the baseline FPG (P=0.003) and HbA1c (P<0.001) and the changes in the SFT (P=0.010) or VFT (P=0.013). CONCLUSIONS The increase in the s.c. fat depot after rosiglitazone treatment may be an independent factor that determines the hypoglycemic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pochon CHA University, Sungnam, South Korea
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Kim HH, Kim KH, Kim DH, Kim MC, Kim BS, Kim YW, Kim YI, Kim YH, Kim W, Kim WW, Kim JJ, Kim TB, Ryu SY, Ryu SW, Min YD, Park YC, Park CH, Baik HK, Song KY, Yang HK, Lee KY, Lee BE, Lee BH, Lee YJ, Lee WK, Lee JH, Lee HJ, Jeon HM, Jung SJ, Cho GS, Chin HM, Choi SH, Choi YB, Han SU, Hur KY, Hur YS, Hyung WJ, Hong BH. Nationwide Survey of Laparoscopic Gastric Surgery in Korea, 2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.5230/jkgca.2005.5.4.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H H Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University
| | - K H Kim
- Department of Surgery, DongKang Medical Center
| | - D H Kim
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University
| | - M C Kim
- Department of Surgery, Dong-A University
| | - B S Kim
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University
| | | | - Y I Kim
- 7Department of Surgery, Ewha Woman's University
| | - Y H Kim
- Department of Surgery, Gangneung Asan Hospital
| | - W Kim
- Department of Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - W W Kim
- Department of Surgery, Pochon CHA University
| | - J J Kim
- Department of Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - T B Kim
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University
| | - S Y Ryu
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University
| | - S W Ryu
- Department of Surgery, Keimyung University
| | - Y D Min
- Department of Surgery, Chosun University
| | - Y C Park
- Department of Surgery, Dankook University
| | - C H Park
- Department of Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - H K Baik
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University
| | - K Y Song
- Department of Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - H K Yang
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University
| | - K Y Lee
- Department of Surgery, Kyung Hee University
| | - B E Lee
- Department of Surgery, Changwon Fatima Hospital
| | - B H Lee
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University
| | - Y J Lee
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University
| | - W K Lee
- Department of Surgery, Gachon Medical School
| | - J H Lee
- 7Department of Surgery, Ewha Woman's University
| | - H J Lee
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University
| | - H M Jeon
- Department of Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - S J Jung
- Department of Surgery, Daegu Catholic University
| | - G S Cho
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University
| | - H M Chin
- Department of Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - S H Choi
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University
| | - Y B Choi
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University
| | - S U Han
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University
| | - K Y Hur
- Department of Surgery, Hansol Hospital
| | - Y S Hur
- Department of Surgery, Inha University
| | - W J Hyung
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University
| | - B H Hong
- Department of Surgery, Eulji University
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Yang HK, Kim MC, Kim YW, Kim YI, Kim EK, Kim HH, Park KK, Bae JM, Baik HG, Sul JY, Shin SH, Lee YB, Lee JM, Lee JH, Lee HJ, Jeon HM, Cho GS, Choi SH, Choi YB, Han SU, Han HS, Hur KY, Hyung WJ, Hong BH. Nationwide Survey of Laparoscopic Gastric Surgery in Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.5230/jkgca.2004.4.3.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H K Yang
- Seoul National University, Korea
| | | | - Y W Kim
- National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - Y I Kim
- Ewha Woman's University, Korea
| | - E K Kim
- Catholic University of Korea, Korea
| | - H H Kim
- Seoul National University, Korea
| | | | - J M Bae
- National Cancer Center, Korea
| | | | - J Y Sul
- Chungnam National University, Korea
| | | | - Y B Lee
- Changwon Fatima Hospital, Korea
| | - J M Lee
- Jeonju Presbyterian Medical Center, Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Ewha Woman's University, Korea
| | - H J Lee
- Seoul National University, Korea
| | - H M Jeon
- Catholic University of Korea, Korea
| | - G S Cho
- Soonchunhyang University, Korea
| | | | | | | | - H S Han
- Seoul National University, Korea
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