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Cruz-Ochoa NA, Motta-Teixeira LC, Cruz-Ochoa PF, Lopez-Paredes S, Ochoa-Amaya JE, Takada SH, Xavier GF, Nogueira MI. Post-weaning social isolation modifies neonatal anoxia-induced changes in energy metabolism and growth of rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38530155 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonatal oxygen deficiency in rats may disturb growth and long-term metabolic homeostasis. In order to facilitate metabolic evaluation, the subjects are usually housed individually. However, social isolation associated with individually housed conditions alters animal behavior, which may influence the experimental results. This study investigated the effects of social isolation on neonatal anoxia-induced changes in growth and energy metabolism. Male and female Wistar rats were exposed, on postnatal day 2 (P2), to either 25-min of anoxia or control treatment. From P27 onward, part of the subjects of each group was isolated in standard cages, and the remaining subjects were housed in groups. At P34 or P95, the subjects were fasted for 18 h, refeed for 1 h, and then perfused 30 min later. Glycemia, leptin, insulin, and morphology of the pancreas were evaluated at both ages. For subjects perfused at P95, body weight and food intake were recorded up to P90, and the brain was collected for Fos and NeuN immunohistochemistry. Results showed that male rats exposed to neonatal anoxia and social isolation exhibited increased body weight gain despite the lack of changes in food intake. In addition, social isolation (1) decreased post-fasting weight loss and post-fasting food intake and (2) increased glycemia, insulin, and leptin levels of male and female rats exposed to anoxia and control treatments, both at P35 and P95. Furthermore, although at P35, anoxia increased insulin levels of males, it decreased the area of the β-positive cells in the pancreas of females. At P95, anoxia increased post-prandial weight loss of males, post-fasting food intake, insulin, and leptin, and decreased Fos expression in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of males and females. Hyperphagia was associated with possible resistance to leptin and insulin, suspected by the high circulating levels of these hormones and poor neuronal activation of ARC. This study demonstrated that continuous social isolation from weaning modifies, in a differentiated way, the long-term energy metabolism and growth of male and female Wistar rats exposed to neonatal anoxia or even control treatments. Therefore, social isolation should be considered as a factor that negatively influences experimental results and the outcomes of the neonatal injury. These results should also be taken into account in clinical procedures, since the used model simulates the preterm babies' conditions and some therapeutic approaches require isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Andrea Cruz-Ochoa
- Neurosciences Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Clemente Motta-Teixeira
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pablo Felipe Cruz-Ochoa
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Santiago Lopez-Paredes
- Research Group of Pathology of Domestic and Wild Animals. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | - Julieta Esperanza Ochoa-Amaya
- Research Group of Pathology of Domestic and Wild Animals. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | - Silvia Honda Takada
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics. Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paolo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fernando Xavier
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Nogueira
- Neurosciences Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Matsuda VDV, Tejada MB, Motta-Teixeira LC, Ikebara JM, Cardoso DS, Machado-Nils AV, Lee VY, Diccini I, Arruda BP, Martins PP, Dias NMM, Tessarotto RP, Raeisossadati R, Bruno M, Takase LF, Kihara AH, Nogueira MI, Xavier GF, Takada SH. Impact of neonatal anoxia and hypothermic treatment on development and memory of rats. Exp Neurol 2021; 340:113691. [PMID: 33713657 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is well established as a standard treatment for term and near-term infants. However, therapeutic effects of hypothermia following neonatal anoxia in very premature babies remains inconclusive. The present rodent model of preterm neonatal anoxia has been shown to alter developmental milestones and hippocampal neurogenesis, and to disrupt spatial learning and memory in adulthood. These effects seem to be reduced by post-insult hypothermia. Epigenetic-related mechanisms have been postulated as valuable tools for developing new therapies. Dentate gyrus neurogenesis is regulated by epigenetic factors. This study evaluated whether TH effects in a rodent model of preterm oxygen deprivation are based on epigenetic alterations. The effects of TH on both developmental features (somatic growth, maturation of physical characteristics and early neurological reflexes) and performance of behavioral tasks at adulthood (spatial reference and working memory, and fear conditioning) were investigated in association with the possible involvement of the epigenetic operator Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2), possibly related to long-lasting effects on hippocampal neurogenesis. Results showed that TH reduced both anoxia-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration and anoxia-induced impairments on risk assessment behavior, acquisition of spatial memory, and extinction of auditory and contextual fear conditioning. In contrast, TH did not prevent developmental alterations caused by neonatal anoxia and did not restore hippocampal neurogenesis or cause changes in EZH2 levels. In conclusion, despite the beneficial effects of TH in hippocampal neurodegeneration and in reversing disruption of performance of behavioral tasks following oxygen deprivation in prematurity, these effects seem not related to developmental alterations and hippocampal neurogenesis and, apparently, is not caused by Ezh2-mediated epigenetic alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Daniel Vasquez Matsuda
- Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Martin Bustelo Tejada
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Experimental Neuropathology Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Biology and Neuroscience "Prof. E. De Robertis" (IBCN), Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Cuyo, San Juan, Argentina; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia Clemente Motta-Teixeira
- Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliane Midori Ikebara
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Vilar Machado-Nils
- Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Yonamine Lee
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Diccini
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Petrucelli Arruda
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Reza Raeisossadati
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Martin Bruno
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Cuyo, San Juan, Argentina; National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Luiz Fernando Takase
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Biological Sciences and Health Center, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Inês Nogueira
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fernando Xavier
- Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Honda Takada
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil.
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Gomes PRL, Motta-Teixeira LC, Gallo CC, Carmo Buonfiglio DD, Camargo LSD, Quintela T, Reiter RJ, Amaral FGD, Cipolla-Neto J. Maternal pineal melatonin in gestation and lactation physiology, and in fetal development and programming. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 300:113633. [PMID: 33031801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy and lactation are reproductive processes that rely on physiological adaptations that should be timely and adequately triggered to guarantee both maternal and fetal health. Pineal melatonin is a hormone that presents daily and seasonal variations that synchronizes the organism's physiology to the different demands across time through its specific mechanisms and ways of action. The reproductive system is a notable target for melatonin as it actively participates on reproductive physiology and regulates the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads axis, influencing gonadotropins and sexual hormones synthesis and release. For its antioxidant properties, melatonin is also vital for the oocytes and spermatozoa quality and viability, and for blastocyst development. Maternal pineal melatonin blood levels increase during pregnancy and triggers the maternal physiological alterations in energy metabolism both during pregnancy and lactation to cope with the energy demands of both periods and to promote adequate mammary gland development. Moreover, maternal melatonin freely crosses the placenta and is the only source of this hormone to the fetus. It importantly times the conceptus physiology and influences its development and programing of several functions that depend on neural and brain development, ultimately priming adult behavior and energy and glucose metabolism. The present review aims to explain the above listed melatonin functions, including the potential alterations observed in the progeny gestated under maternal chronodisruption and/or hypomelatoninemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Rodrigues Lourenço Gomes
- Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Bldg 1, Lab 118, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Lívia Clemente Motta-Teixeira
- Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Bldg 1, Lab 118, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Congentino Gallo
- Pineal Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, 862 Botucatu St., 5th floor, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-901, Brazil.
| | - Daniella do Carmo Buonfiglio
- Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Bldg 1, Lab 118, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ludmilla Scodeler de Camargo
- Pineal Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, 862 Botucatu St., 5th floor, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-901, Brazil.
| | - Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, Infante D. Henrique Ave, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã 6200-506, Portugal.
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Long School of Medicine, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Fernanda Gaspar do Amaral
- Pineal Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, 862 Botucatu St., 5th floor, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-901, Brazil.
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Bldg 1, Lab 118, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.
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Mendes C, Gomes G, Belpiede LT, do Carmo Buonfiglio D, Motta-Teixeira LC, Amaral FG, Cipolla-Neto J. The effects of melatonin daily supplementation to aged rats on the ability to withstand cold, thermoregulation and body weight. Life Sci 2020; 265:118769. [PMID: 33309717 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Investigate the role of melatonin on the regulation of body temperature in aged animals that have impaired melatonin production. MATERIAL AND METHODS Aged Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) control (vehicle added to the water bottles during the dark phase) and 2) melatonin-treated (10 mg/kg melatonin added to the water bottles during the dark phase). Before and after 16 weeks of vehicle or melatonin treatment, control group and melatonin-treated animals were acutely exposed to 18 °C for 2 h for an acute cold challenge and thermal images were obtained using an infrared camera. After 16 weeks, animals were euthanized and brown and beige adipocytes were collected for analysis of genes involved in the thermogenesis process by real-time PCR, and the uncoupling protein expression was evaluated by immunoblotting. Browning intensity of beige adipocytes were quantified by staining with hematoxylin-eosin. KEY FINDINGS Chronic melatonin supplementation induced a minor increase in body mass and increased the animal's thermogenic potential in the cold acute challenge. Brown and beige adipocytes acted in a coordinated and complementary way to ensure adequate heat production. SIGNIFICANCE Melatonin plays an important role in the thermoregulatory mechanisms, ensuring greater capacity to withstand cold and, also, participating in the regulation of energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Mendes
- Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Gomes
- Department of Physics and Interdisciplinary Science (FCI), São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Tocci Belpiede
- Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lívia Clemente Motta-Teixeira
- Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gaspar Amaral
- Pineal Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Motta-Teixeira LC, Machado-Nils AV, Battagello DS, Diniz GB, Andrade-Silva J, Silva S, Matos RA, do Amaral FG, Xavier GF, Bittencourt JC, Reiter RJ, Lucassen PJ, Korosi A, Cipolla-Neto J. The absence of maternal pineal melatonin rhythm during pregnancy and lactation impairs offspring physical growth, neurodevelopment, and behavior. Horm Behav 2018; 105:146-156. [PMID: 30114430 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Maternal melatonin provides photoperiodic information to the fetus and thus influences the regulation and timing of the offspring's internal rhythms and preparation for extra-uterine development. There is clinical evidence that melatonin deprivation of both mother and fetus during pregnancy, and of the neonate during lactation, results in negative long-term health outcomes. As a consequence, we hypothesized that the absence of maternal pineal melatonin might determine abnormal brain programming in the offspring, which would lead to long-lasting implications for behavior and brain function. To test our hypothesis, we investigated in rats the effects of maternal melatonin deprivation during gestation and lactation (MMD) to the offspring and the effects of its therapeutic replacement. The parameters evaluated were: (1) somatic, physical growth and neurobehavioral development of pups of both sexes; (2) hippocampal-dependent spatial learning and memory of the male offspring; (3) adult hippocampal neurogenesis of the male offspring. Our findings show that MMD significantly delayed male offspring's onset of fur development, pinna detachment, eyes opening, eruption of superior incisor teeth, testis descent and the time of maturation of palmar grasp, righting reflex, free-fall righting and walking. Conversely, female offspring neurodevelopment was not affected. Later on, male offspring show that MMD was able to disrupt both spatial reference and working memory in the Morris Water Maze paradigm and these deficits correlate with changes in the number of proliferative cells in the hippocampus. Importantly, all the observed impairments were reversed by maternal melatonin replacement therapy. In summary, we demonstrate that MMD delays the appearance of physical features, neurodevelopment and cognition in the male offspring, and points to putative public health implications for night shift working mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Clemente Motta-Teixeira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Giovanne Baroni Diniz
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Andrade-Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sinésio Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Raphael Afonso Matos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gaspar do Amaral
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Jackson Cioni Bittencourt
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, University of Texas, Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA
| | - Paul John Lucassen
- Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aniko Korosi
- Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Buonfiglio D, Parthimos R, Dantas R, Cerqueira Silva R, Gomes G, Andrade-Silva J, Ramos-Lobo A, Amaral FG, Matos R, Sinésio J, Motta-Teixeira LC, Donato J, Reiter RJ, Cipolla-Neto J. Melatonin Absence Leads to Long-Term Leptin Resistance and Overweight in Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:122. [PMID: 29636725 PMCID: PMC5881424 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (Mel), a molecule that conveys photoperiodic information to the organisms, is also involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Mechanisms of action of Mel in the energy balance remain unclear; herein we investigated how Mel regulates energy intake and expenditure to promote a proper energy balance. Male Wistar rats were assigned to control, control + Mel, pinealectomized (PINX) and PINX + Mel groups. To restore a 24-h rhythm, Mel (1 mg/kg) was added to the drinking water exclusively during the dark phase for 13 weeks. After this treatment period, rats were subjected to a 24-h fasting test, an acute leptin responsiveness test and cold challenge. Mel treatment reduced food intake, body weight, and adiposity. When challenged to 24-h fasting, Mel-treated rats also showed reduced hyperphagia when the food was replaced. Remarkably, PINX rats exhibited leptin resistance; this was likely related to the capacity of leptin to affect body weight, food intake, and hypothalamic signal-transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation, all of which were reduced. Mel treatment restored leptin sensitivity in PINX rats. An increased hypothalamic expression of agouti-related peptide (Agrp), neuropeptide Y, and Orexin was observed in the PINX group while Mel treatment reduced the expression of Agrp and Orexin. In addition, PINX rats presented lower UCP1 protein levels in the brown adipose tissue and required higher tail vasoconstriction to get a proper thermogenic response to cold challenge. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized interaction of Mel and leptin in the hypothalamus to regulate the energy balance. These findings may help to explain the high incidence of metabolic diseases in individuals exposed to light at night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Buonfiglio
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Parthimos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosana Dantas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raysa Cerqueira Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Gomes
- Department of Physics and Interdisciplinary Science (FCI), São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Andrade-Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela Ramos-Lobo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gaspar Amaral
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Unifesp, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raphael Matos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Sinésio
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Clemente Motta-Teixeira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: José Cipolla-Neto,
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Motta-Teixeira LC, Takada SH, Machado-Nils AV, Nogueira MI, Xavier GF. Spatial learning and neurogenesis: Effects of cessation of wheel running and survival of novel neurons by engagement in cognitive tasks. Hippocampus 2016; 26:794-803. [PMID: 26669934 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise stimulates cell proliferation in the adult dentate gyrus and facilitates acquisition and/or retention of hippocampal-dependent tasks. It is established that regular physical exercise improves cognitive performance. However, it is unclear for how long these benefits last after its interruption. Independent groups of rats received both free access to either unlocked (EXE Treatment) or locked (No-EXE Treatment) running wheels for 7 days, and daily injections of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in the last 3 days. After a time delay period of either 1, 3, or 6 weeks without training, the animals were tested in the Morris water maze (MWM) either in a working memory task dependent on hippocampal function (MWM-HD) or in a visible platform searching task, independent on hippocampal function (MWM-NH). Data confirmed that exposure of rats to 7 days of spontaneous wheel running increases cell proliferation and neurogenesis. In contrast, neurogenesis was not accompanied by significant improvements of performance in the working memory version of the MWM. Longer time delays between the end of exercise and the beginning of cognitive training in the MWM resulted in lower cell survival; that is, the number of novel surviving mature neurons was decreased when this delay was 6 weeks as compared with when it was 1 week. In addition, data showed that while exposure to the MWM-HD working memory task substantially increased survival of novel neurons, exposure to the MWM-NH task did not, thus indicating that survival of novel dentate gyrus neurons depends on the engagement of this brain region in performance of cognitive tasks. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Clemente Motta-Teixeira
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, Travessa 14, N. 101, São Paulo, 05508-090, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Honda Takada
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 2415, São Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Vilar Machado-Nils
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, Travessa 14, N. 101, São Paulo, 05508-090, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Nogueira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 2415, São Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fernando Xavier
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, Travessa 14, N. 101, São Paulo, 05508-090, SP, Brazil
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