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Shu X, Prochazka M, Lannering B, Schüz J, Röösli M, Tynes T, Kuehni CE, Andersen TV, Infanger D, Schmidt LS, Poulsen AH, Klaeboe L, Eggen T, Feychting M. Atopic conditions and brain tumor risk in children and adolescents--an international case-control study (CEFALO). Ann Oncol 2014; 25:902-908. [PMID: 24608192 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of epidemiological studies indicate an inverse association between atopy and brain tumors in adults, particularly gliomas. We investigated the association between atopic disorders and intracranial brain tumors in children and adolescents, using international collaborative CEFALO data. PATIENTS AND METHODS CEFALO is a population-based case-control study conducted in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland, including all children and adolescents in the age range 7-19 years diagnosed with a primary brain tumor between 2004 and 2008. Two controls per case were randomly selected from population registers matched on age, sex, and geographic region. Information about atopic conditions and potential confounders was collected through personal interviews. RESULTS In total, 352 cases (83%) and 646 controls (71%) participated in the study. For all brain tumors combined, there was no association between ever having had an atopic disorder and brain tumor risk [odds ratio 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70-1.34]. The OR was 0.76 (95% CI 0.53-1.11) for a current atopic condition (in the year before diagnosis) and 1.22 (95% CI 0.86-1.74) for an atopic condition in the past. Similar results were observed for glioma. CONCLUSIONS There was no association between atopic conditions and risk of all brain tumors combined or of glioma in particular. Stratification on current or past atopic conditions suggested the possibility of reverse causality, but may also the result of random variation because of small numbers in subgroups. In addition, an ongoing tumor treatment may affect the manifestation of atopic conditions, which could possibly affect recall when reporting about a history of atopic diseases. Only a few studies on atopic conditions and pediatric brain tumors are currently available, and the evidence is conflicting.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Shu
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
| | - M Prochazka
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - B Lannering
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Schüz
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Section of Environment and Radiation, Lyon, France
| | - M Röösli
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - T Tynes
- The Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo; National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - C E Kuehni
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T V Andersen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Infanger
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L S Schmidt
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A H Poulsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Klaeboe
- The Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo; Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Eggen
- The Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo
| | - M Feychting
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
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Larjavaara S, Feychting M, Sankila R, Johansen C, Klaeboe L, Schüz J, Auvinen A. Incidence trends of vestibular schwannomas in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden in 1987-2007. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:1069-75. [PMID: 21897393 PMCID: PMC3185956 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The reported incidence rates of vestibular schwannomas (VS) vary substantially, but it is unclear as to what extent the variation reflects differences in risk or recording practices. Our aim was to describe the incidence rates of VS in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden between 1987 and 2007. Methods: Comprehensive data were available from all registries only for the period from 1987 to 2007. An analysis of a longer time period (1965–2007) was conducted with the Norwegian and Swedish data. Results: The average age-standardised incidence rates during 1987–2007 varied from 6.1 per 1 000 000 person-years (95% confidence interval (CI), 5.4–6.7) among Finnish men to 11.6 (95% CI, 10.4–12.7) in Danish men, and from 6.4 per 1 000 000 person-years (95% CI, 5.7–7.0) among Swedish women to 11.6 (95% CI, 10.5–12.8) among Danish women. An overall annual increase of 3.0% (95% CI 2.1–3.9) was observed when all countries and both sexes were combined, with considerable differences between countries. However, the practices of both reporting and coding VS cases varied markedly between countries and over time, which poses a challenge for interpretation of the results. Conclusion: The overall incidence of VS increased in all the four Nordic countries combined between 1987 and 2007, with marked differences between countries. However, the incidence rates more or less stabilised in the late 1990s, showing relatively constant incidence rates and even some decline after 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Larjavaara
- Tampere School of Public Health, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland.
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Lahkola A, Salminen T, Raitanen J, Heinavaara S, Schoemaker M, Christensen HC, Feychting M, Johansen C, Klaeboe L, Lonn S, Swerdlow A, Tynes T, Auvinen A. Meningioma and mobile phone use--a collaborative case-control study in five North European countries. Int J Epidemiol 2008; 37:1304-13. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyn155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Schoemaker MJ, Swerdlow AJ, Auvinen A, Christensen HC, Feychting M, Johansen C, Klaeboe L, Lönn S, Salminen T, Tynes T. Medical history, cigarette smoking and risk of acoustic neuroma: an international case-control study. Int J Cancer 2007; 120:103-10. [PMID: 17019705 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma) is a benign tumor of the vestibulocochlear nerve. Its recorded incidence is increasing but risk factors for this tumor have scarcely been investigated. We conducted a population-based case-control study of risk factors for acoustic neuroma in the UK and Nordic countries, including 563 cases and 2,703 controls. Tumor risk was analyzed in relation to medical history and cigarette smoking. Risk of acoustic neuroma was significantly raised in parous compared with nulliparous women (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.6), but was not related to age at first birth or number of children. Risk was not associated with a history of allergic disease, past head injury, past diagnosis of a neoplasm or birth characteristics, but was significantly raised for past diagnosis of epilepsy (OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3-4.9). Tumor risk was significantly reduced in subjects who had ever regularly smoked cigarettes (OR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.6-0.9), but the reduction applied only to current smokers (OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.4-0.6), not ex-smokers (OR = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.8-1.3). The reduced risk of acoustic neuroma in smokers and raised risk in parous women might relate to sex hormone levels, or smoking might suppress tumor growth, but effects of parity and smoking on timing of diagnosis of the tumor are also a potential explanation. The raised risk in relation to past diagnosis of epilepsy might be a surveillance artefact or imply that epilepsy and/or antiepileptic medication use predispose to acoustic neuroma. These findings need replication by other studies and possible mechanisms need to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Schoemaker
- Section of Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom.
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Vrijheid M, Cardis E, Armstrong BK, Auvinen A, Berg G, Blaasaas KG, Brown J, Carroll M, Chetrit A, Christensen HC, Deltour I, Feychting M, Giles GG, Hepworth SJ, Hours M, Iavarone I, Johansen C, Klaeboe L, Kurttio P, Lagorio S, Lönn S, McKinney PA, Montestrucq L, Parslow RC, Richardson L, Sadetzki S, Salminen T, Schüz J, Tynes T, Woodward A. Validation of short term recall of mobile phone use for the Interphone study. Occup Environ Med 2006; 63:237-43. [PMID: 16556742 PMCID: PMC2078087 DOI: 10.1136/oem.2004.019281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM To validate short term recall of mobile phone use within Interphone, an international collaborative case control study of tumours of the brain, acoustic nerve, and salivary glands related to mobile telephone use. METHODS Mobile phone use of 672 volunteers in 11 countries was recorded by operators or through the use of software modified phones, and compared to use recalled six months later using the Interphone study questionnaire. Agreement between recalled and actual phone use was analysed using both categorical and continuous measures of number and duration of phone calls. RESULTS Correlations between recalled and actual phone use were moderate to high (ranging from 0.5 to 0.8 across countries) and of the same order for number and duration of calls. The kappa statistic demonstrated fair to moderate agreement for both number and duration of calls (weighted kappa ranging from 0.20 to 0.60 across countries). On average, subjects underestimated the number of calls per month (geometric mean ratio of recalled to actual = 0.92, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.99), whereas duration of calls was overestimated (geometric mean ratio = 1.42, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.56). The ratio of recalled to actual use increased with level of use, showing underestimation in light users and overestimation in heavy users. There was substantial heterogeneity in this ratio between countries. Inter-individual variation was also large, and increased with level of use. CONCLUSIONS Volunteer subjects recalled their recent phone use with moderate systematic error and substantial random error. This large random error can be expected to reduce the power of the Interphone study to detect an increase in risk of brain, acoustic nerve, and parotid gland tumours with increasing mobile phone use, if one exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vrijheid
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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Tynes T, Klaeboe L, Haldorsen T. Residential and occupational exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields and malignant melanoma: a population based study. Occup Environ Med 2003; 60:343-7. [PMID: 12709519 PMCID: PMC1740536 DOI: 10.1136/oem.60.5.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To test the hypothesis that exposure to electromagnetic fields from high voltage power lines increases the incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in adults aged 16 and above. METHODS Nested case-control study. The study population comprised subjects aged 16 and above who had lived in a residence situated in a broad corridor around a high voltage power line in 1980, or one of the years from 1986 to 1996. The cases were incident cases that were diagnosed in 1980-96 and reported to the Cancer Registry of Norway. Two controls were matched to each case by year of birth, sex, municipality, and first year entering the cohort. Time weighted average exposure to residential magnetic fields generated by the power lines was calculated for the exposure follow up from 1 January 1967 until diagnosis by means of a computer program, in which distance from residency to the line, line configuration, and current load were taken into account. Exposure was analysed using cut off points at 0.05 and 0.2 microtesla ( microT). Exposure to magnetic fields at work was classified by an expert panel who assessed magnetic field exposure by combining branch and occupation into one of three levels: <4 hours, 4-24 hours, and >24 hours per week above background (0.1 micro T). The categories were cumulated over the occupationally active years for the exposure follow up from 1 January 1955 until diagnosis, and cut off points at 18 and 31 category-years were evaluated. RESULTS Analysis of the two upper residential magnetic field categories showed an odds ratio of 2.01 (95% CI 1.09 to 3.69) and 2.68 (95% CI 1.43 to 5.04) for women, and an odds ratio of 1.70 (95% CI 0.96 to 3.01) and 1.37 (95% CI 0.77 to 2.44) for men, respectively. Occupational exposure showed no significant association with cutaneous malignant melanoma, and analysis of both residential and occupational exposure simultaneously, showed no additional effect. CONCLUSION The present study provides some support for an association between exposure to calculated residential magnetic fields and cutaneous malignant melanoma, but because of the lack of a biological hypothesis and the known strong association between solar radiation and melanoma, no firm conclusions can be drawn and further studies would be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tynes
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Østerås, Norway.
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