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Starling LT, Tucker R, Quarrie K, Schmidt J, Hassanein O, Smith C, Flahive S, Morris C, Lancaster S, Mellalieu S, Curran O, Gill N, Clarke W, Davies P, Harrington M, Falvey E. The World Rugby and International Rugby Players Contact Load Guidelines: From conception to implementation and the future. S Afr J Sports Med 2023; 35:v35i1a16376. [PMID: 38249755 PMCID: PMC10798596 DOI: 10.17159/2078-516x/2023/v35i1a16376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Managing training load in rugby union is crucial for optimising performance and injury prevention. Contact training warrants attention because of higher overall injury and head impact risk, yet players must develop physical, technical, and mental skills to withstand the demands of the game. To help coaches manage contact loads in professional rugby, World Rugby and International Rugby Players convened an expert working group. They conducted a global survey with players to develop contact load guidelines. This commentary aims to describe the contact load guidelines and their implementation, and identify areas where future work is needed to support their evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- LT Starling
- World Rugby House, Pembroke Street Lower, Dublin,
Ireland
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath,
UK
| | - R Tucker
- World Rugby House, Pembroke Street Lower, Dublin,
Ireland
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine (ISEM), Department of Exercise, University of Stellenbosch,
South Africa
| | - K Quarrie
- New Zealand Rugby, Wellington,
New Zealand
| | - J Schmidt
- New Zealand Rugby, Wellington,
New Zealand
| | - O Hassanein
- International Rugby Players, Clonskeagh, Dublin,
Ireland
| | - C Smith
- International Rugby Players, Clonskeagh, Dublin,
Ireland
| | - S Flahive
- International Rugby Players, Clonskeagh, Dublin,
Ireland
| | - C Morris
- C J Morris Consulting Ltd, Cheshire,
UK
| | | | - S Mellalieu
- Centre for Health, Activity and Wellbeing Research (CAWR), Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff,
UK
| | - O Curran
- Irish Rugby Football Union, High Performance Centre, National Sports Campus, Dublin 15,
Ireland
| | - N Gill
- New Zealand Rugby, Wellington,
New Zealand
- University of Waikato, Tauranga,
New Zealand
| | - W Clarke
- New Zealand Rugby, Wellington,
New Zealand
| | - P Davies
- World Rugby House, Pembroke Street Lower, Dublin,
Ireland
| | - M Harrington
- World Rugby House, Pembroke Street Lower, Dublin,
Ireland
| | - E Falvey
- World Rugby House, Pembroke Street Lower, Dublin,
Ireland
- College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork,
Ireland
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Starling LT, McKay C, Cross M, Kemp S, Stokes KA. 'Do we know if we need to reduce head impact exposure?': A mixed-methods study highlighting the varied understanding of the long-term risk and consequence of head impact exposure across all stakeholders at the highest level of rugby union. S Afr J Sports Med 2023; 34:v34i1a13839. [PMID: 36815928 PMCID: PMC9924567 DOI: 10.17159/2078-516x/2022/v34i1a13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One strategy to prevent and manage concussion is to reduce head impacts, both those resulting in concussion and those that do not. Because objective data on the frequency and intensity of head impacts in rugby union (rugby) are sparse, stakeholders resort to individual perceptions to guide contact training. It is unknown whether there is a level of contact training that is protective in preparing elite players for contact during matches. Objectives This study aimed to describe how contact training is managed in elite male rugby, and how staff and players perceive contact training load and head impact load. Methods This was a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study. Forty-four directors of rugby, defence coaches, medical and strength/conditioning staff and 23 players across all 13 English Premiership Rugby Union clubs and the National senior team participated in semi-structured focus groups and completed two bespoke questionnaires. Results The study identified the varied understanding of what constitutes head impact exposure across all stakeholder groups, resulting in different interpretations and a range of management strategies. The findings suggest that elite clubs conduct low levels of contact training; however, participants believe that some exposure is required to prepare players and that efforts to reduce head impact exposure must allow for individualised contact training prescription. Conclusion There is a need for objective data, possibly from instrumented mouthguards to identify activities with a high risk for head impact and possible unintended consequences of reduced exposure to these activities. As data on head impact exposure develop, this must be accompanied with knowledge exchange within the rugby community.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Starling
- Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath,
UK
| | - C McKay
- Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath,
UK
| | - M Cross
- Premiership Rugby Limited, Twickenham,
UK
| | - S Kemp
- Rugby Football Union, Twickenham,
UK,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London,
UK
| | - K A Stokes
- Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath,
UK,Rugby Football Union, Twickenham,
UK
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Starling L, Readhead C, Viljoen W, Lambert M. The Currie Cup Premiership Competition Injury Surveillance Report 2014 - 2018. SA J Sports Med 2019. [DOI: 10.17159/2078-516x/2019/v31i1a6532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Currie Cup Premiership Competition Injury Surveillance Report 2014 - 2018
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Starling L, Readhead C, Viljoen W, Lambert M. The South African Rugby Union Youth Weeks Injury Surveillance Report 2018. S Afr j sports med 2019. [DOI: 10.17159/6365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The South African Rugby Union Youth Weeks Injury Surveillance Report 2018
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Starling L, Readhead C, Viljoen W, Lambert M. The South African Rugby Union: SA Rugby Injury and Illness Surveillance and Prevention Project (SARIISPP): Youth Week, Injury Surveillance Report, 2018. S Afr J Sports Med 2019; 31:v31i1a6365. [PMID: 36818001 PMCID: PMC9924594 DOI: 10.17159/2078-516x/2019/v31i1a6365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The South African Rugby Union Youth Weeks Injury Surveillance Report 2018
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Abstract
Background Professional football teams that rank high on the log at the end of the season generally have fewer injuries than teams that rank lower on the log. This highlights the importance of implementing injury prevention measures, not only to protect player welfare and ensure their longevity in the sport, but also to improve the performance of the team. The association between a low incidence of injury and superior performance during a season may be even more relevant in sports with a higher incidence of injury than football, such as rugby union. Discussion To examine this association in the South African Currie Cup rugby union competition, time-loss (≥ 1 day training/match play missed) injury data and final position in the competition was examined over five-seasons. Teams who ranked in 1st position had significantly lower average injury rates than teams who ranked in last position [48 injuries per 1 000 player hours (95% C.I 20 to 76) vs 130 injuries per 1 000 player hours (95% C.I 79 to 180)]. More specifically, the team with the lowest injury rate in each season ranked in 1st or 2nd position. This team performance aspect of injury prevention should be highlighted more. In particular, this should be used to assist with communicating the importance of injury prevention programmes to stakeholders directly involved with budgetary allocations in the team.
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Starling L, Readhead C, Viljoen W, Brown J, Lambert M. Injury incidence of the Currie premiership division competition: A three-year prospective cohort study. J Sci Med Sport 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.09.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Starling L, Brown J, Viviers P, Surmon S, Derman W. The Stellenbosch living laboratory: Design of a longitudinal study to improve the welfare of 10,000 university athletes. J Sci Med Sport 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.09.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Starling L. The Currie Cup Premiership Competition Injury Surveillance Report 2014 - 2017. S Afr j sports med 2018. [DOI: 10.17159/5720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The content of the report is based on data collected by the SA Rugby Injury and Illness Surveillance and Prevention Project (SARIISPP) steering group.
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Starling L, Readhead C, Viljoen W, Brown J, Sewry N, Lambert M. The Currie Cup Premiership Competition Injury Surveillance Report 2014 - 2017. S Afr j sports med 2018. [DOI: 10.17159/2078-516x/2018/v30i1a5720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The content of the report is based on data collected by the SA Rugby Injury and Illness Surveillance and Prevention Project (SARIISPP) steering group.
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Thurtle D, Starling L, Leonard K, Stone T, Gnanapragasam VJ. Improving the safety and tolerability of local anaesthetic outpatient transperineal prostate biopsies: A pilot study of the CAMbridge PROstate Biopsy (CAMPROBE) method. J Clin Urol 2018; 11:192-199. [PMID: 29881622 PMCID: PMC5977271 DOI: 10.1177/2051415818762683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to pilot the use of a bespoke device (CAMPROBE, the CAMbridge PROstate Biopsy) to enable routine outpatient free-hand local anaesthetic (LA) transperineal prostate biopsies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The CAMPROBE prototype was designed and built in our institution. Men on active surveillance due prostate resampling were invited to have a CAMPROBE biopsy as an alternative to repeat transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies (TRUSBx) as part of an approved trial (NCT02375035). Biopsies were performed using LA infiltration only, without sedation or additional analgesia. Patient-reported outcomes were recorded at day 0 and 7 using validated questionnaires and visual analogue scales (VAS). Complications were recorded prospectively. RESULTS Thirty men underwent biopsies with a median of 11 cores taken per procedure (interquartile range 10-12). There were no infections, sepsis or retention episodes. Haematuria and haematospermia occurred in 67% and 62% of patients, which are similar to rates reported for TRUSBx. Mean VAS for pain (0-10 scale) was less than 3 for every part of the procedure. All 30 men described the procedure as tolerable under LA. In total, 26/30 (86.7%) men expressed a preference for a CAMPROBE procedure over TRUSBx and a further 3 (10.0%) would have either. CONCLUSIONS In this small pilot study, the CAMPROBE device and method appears to be a safe, simple and well-tolerated out-patient transperineal replacement for TRUSBx. A major new National Institute for Health Research grant will allow its further development from a prototype to a single use, low-cost disposable device ready for multi-centre testing. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1b: individual cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Thurtle
- Academic Urology Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Urology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - L Starling
- Academic Urology Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Urology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Leonard
- Academic Urology Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Urology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - T Stone
- Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - VJ Gnanapragasam
- Academic Urology Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Urology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Kontogeorgis A, Starling L, Wong L, Chivers S, Roses-Noguer F, Till J, Clague J. 598Outcome of transvenous lead extraction in young children-a sixteen year paediatric case series. Europace 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/eux144.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Philippsen T, Orini M, Martin C, Volkova E, Ormerod J, Sohaib S, Elamin N, Blake S, Sawhney V, Ahmad S, Waring O, Bowers R, Raiman L, Hazelwood T, Mills R, Corrado C, Honarbakhsh S, Von Maydell A, Norrish G, Chubb H, Chubb H, Chubb H, Toledano M, Ruiz A, van Zalen J, Foley P, Pearman C, Rehal O, Foley P, Wong L, Foley P, Pearman C, Brahmbhatt D, Khan H, Wardley J, Akbar S, Christensen L, Hansen M, Brandes A, Tinker A, Munroe P, Lambiase P, Honarbakhsh S, McLean A, Lambiase P, Schilling R, Lane J, Chow A, Earley M, Hunter R, Khan F, Lambiase P, Schilling R, Sporton S, Dhinoja M, Camm C, Xavier R, de Sousa M, Betts T, Shun-Shin M, Wright I, Lim E, Lim P, Koawing M, Lefroy D, Linton N, Davies D, Peters N, Kanagaratnam P, Francis D, Whinnett Z, Khan M, Bowes R, Sahu J, Sheridan P, Rogers D, Kyriacou A, Kelland N, Lewis N, Lee J, Segall E, Diab I, Breitenstein A, Ullah W, Sporton S, Earley M, Finlay M, Dhinoja M, Schilling R, Hunter R, Ahmed M, Petkar S, Davidson N, Stout M, Pearce KP, Leo M, Ginks M, Rajappan K, Bashir Y, Balasubramaniam R, Sopher S, Betts T, Paisey J, Cheong J, Roy D, Adhya S, Williams S, O'Neill M, Niederer S, Providencia R, Srinivasan N, Ahsan S, Lowe M, Segal O, Hunter R, Finlay M, Earley M, Schilling R, Lambiase P, Stella S, Cantwell C, Chowdhury R, Kim S, Linton N, Whinnett Z, Koa-Wing M, Lefroy D, Davies DW, Kanagaratnam P, Lim PB, Qureshi N, Peters N, Cantarutti N, Limongelli G, Elliott P, Kaski J, Williams S, Lal K, Harrison J, Whitaker J, Kiedrowicz R, Wright M, O'Neill M, Harrison J, Whitaker J, Williams S, Wright M, Schaeffter T, Razavi R, O'Neill M, Karim R, Williams S, Harrison J, Whitaker J, Wright M, Schaeffter T, Razavi R, O'Neill M, Montanes M, Ella Field E, Walsh H, Callaghan N, Till J, Mangat J, Lowe M, Kaski J, Ruiz Duthil A, Li A, Saba M, Patel N, Beale L, Brickley G, Lloyd G, French A, Khavandi A, McCrea W, Barnes E, Chandrasekaran B, Parry J, Garth L, Chapman J, Todd D, Hobbs J, Modi S, Waktare J, Hall M, Gupta D, Snowdon R, Papageorgiou N, Providência R, Falconer D, Sewart E, Ahsan S, Segal O, Ezzat V, Rowland E, Lowe M, Lambiase P, Chow A, Swift M, Charlton P, James J, Colling A, Barnes E, Starling L, Kontogeorgis A, Roses-Noguer F, Wong T, Jarman J, Clague J, Till J, Colling A, James J, Hawkins M, Burnell S, Chandrasekaran B, Coulson J, Smith L, Choudhury M, Oguguo E, Boyett M, Morris G, Flinn W, Chari A, Belham M, Pugh P, Somarakis K, Parasa R, Allata A, Hashim H, Mathew T, Kayasundar S, Venables P, Quinn J, Ivanova J, Brown S, Oliver R, Lyons M, Chuen M, Walsh J, Robinson T, Staniforth A, Ahsan A, Jamil-Copley S. POSTERS (2)96CONTINUOUS VERSUS INTERMITTENT MONITORING FOR DETECTION OF SUBCLINICAL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN HIGH-RISK PATIENTS97HIGH DAY-TO-DAY INTRA-INDIVIDUAL REPRODUCIBILITY OF THE HEART RATE RESPONSE TO EXERCISE IN THE UK BIOBANK DATA98USE OF NOVEL GLOBAL ULTRASOUND IMAGING AND CONTINUEOUS DIPOLE DENSITY MAPPING TO GUIDE ABLATION IN MACRO-REENTRANT TACHYCARDIAS99ANTICOAGULATION AND THE RISK OF COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING VT AND PVC ABLATION100NON-SUSTAINED VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA FREQUENTLY PRECEDES CARDIAC ARREST IN PATIENTS WITH BRUGADA SYNDROME101USING HIGH PRECISION HAEMODYNAMIC MEASUREMENTS TO ASSESS DIFFERENCES IN AV OPTIMUM BETWEEN DIFFERENT LEFT VENTRICULAR LEAD POSITIONS IN BIVENTRICULAR PACING102CAN WE PREDICT MEDIUM TERM MORTALITY FROM TRANSVENOUS LEAD EXTRACTION PRE-OPERATIVELY?103PREVENTION OF UNECESSARY ADMISSIONS IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION104EPICARDIAL CATHETER ABLATION FOR VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA ON UNINTERRUPTED WARFARIN: A SAFE APPROACH?105HOW WELL DOES THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL EXCELLENCE (NICE) GUIDENCE ON TRANSIENT LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS (T-LoC) WORK IN A REAL WORLD? AN AUDIT OF THE SECOND STAGE SPECIALIST CARDIOVASCULAT ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS106DETECTION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN COMMUNITY LOCATIONS USING NOVEL TECHNOLOGY'S AS A METHOD OF STROKE PREVENTION IN THE OVER 65'S ASYMPTOMATIC POPULATION - SHOULD IT BECOME STANDARD PRACTISE?107HIGH-DOSE ISOPRENALINE INFUSION AS A METHOD OF INDUCTION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A MULTI-CENTRE, PLACEBO CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL IN PATIENTS WITH VARYING ARRHYTHMIC RISK108PACEMAKER COMPLICATIONS IN A DISTRICT GENERAL HOSPITAL109CARDIAC RESYNCHRONISATION THERAPY: A TRADE-OFF BETWEEN LEFT VENTRICULAR VOLTAGE OUTPUT AND EJECTION FRACTION?110RAPID DETERIORATION IN LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION AND ACUTE HEART FAILURE AFTER DUAL CHAMBER PACEMAKER INSERTION WITH RESOLUTION FOLLOWING BIVENTRICULAR PACING111LOCALLY PERSONALISED ATRIAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY MODELS FROM PENTARAY CATHETER MEASUREMENTS112EVALUATION OF SUBCUTANEOUS ICD VERSUS TRANSVENOUS ICD- A PROPENSITY MATCHED COST-EFFICACY ANALYSIS OF COMPLICATIONS & OUTCOMES113LOCALISING DRIVERS USING ORGANISATIONAL INDEX IN CONTACT MAPPING OF HUMAN PERSISTENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION114RISK FACTORS FOR SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN PAEDIATRIC HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS115EFFECT OF CATHETER STABILITY AND CONTACT FORCE ON VISITAG DENSITY DURING PULMONARY VEIN ISOLATION116HEPATIC CAPSULE ENHANCEMENT IS COMMONLY SEEN DURING MR-GUIDED ABLATION OF ATRIAL FLUTTER: A MECHANISTIC INSIGHT INTO PROCEDURAL PAIN117DOES HIGHER CONTACT FORCE IMPAIR LESION FORMATION AT THE CAVOTRICUSPID ISTHMUS? INSIGHTS FROM MR-GUIDED ABLATION OF ATRIAL FLUTTER118CLINICAL CHARACTERISATION OF A MALIGNANT SCN5A MUTATION IN CHILDHOOD119RADIOFREQUENCY ASSOCIATED VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION120CONTRACTILE RESERVE EXPRESSED AS SYSTOLIC VELOCITY DOES NOT PREDICT RESPONSE TO CRT121DAY-CASE DEVICES - A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY USING PATIENT CODING DATA122PATIENTS UNDERGOING SVT ABLATION HAVE A HIGH INCIDENCE OF SECONDARY ARRHYTHMIA ON FOLLOW UP: IMPLICATIONS FOR PRE-PROCEDURE COUNSELLING123PROGNOSTIC ROLE OF HAEMOGLOBINN AND RED BLOOD CELL DITRIBUTION WIDTH IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE UNDERGOING CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY124REMOTE MONITORING AND FOLLOW UP DEVICES125A 20-YEAR, SINGLE-CENTRE EXPERIENCE OF IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATORS (ICD) IN CHILDREN: TIME TO CONSIDER THE SUBCUTANEOUS ICD?126EXPERIENCE OF MAGNETIC REASONANCE IMAGING (MEI) IN PATIENTS WITH MRI CONDITIONAL DEVICES127THE SINUS BRADYCARDIA SEEN IN ATHLETES IS NOT CAUSED BY ENHANCED VAGAL TONE BUT INSTEAD REFLECTS INTRINSIC CHANGES IN THE SINUS NODE REVEALED BY
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(F) BLOCKADE128SUCCESSFUL DAY-CASE PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION - AN EIGHT YEAR SINGLE-CENTRE EXPERIENCE129LEFT VENTRICULAR INDEX MASS ASSOCIATED WITH ESC HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY RISK SCORE IN PATIENTS WITH ICDs: A TERTIARY CENTRE HCM REGISTRY130A DGH EXPERIENCE OF DAY-CASE CARDIAC PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION131IS PRE-PROCEDURAL FASTING A NECESSITY FOR SAFE PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION? Europace 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euw274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bastin AJ, Starling L, Ahmed R, Dinham A, Hill N, Stern M, Restrick LJ. High prevalence of undiagnosed and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at first hospital admission with acute exacerbation. Chron Respir Dis 2010; 7:91-7. [PMID: 20299538 DOI: 10.1177/1479972310364587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common cause of acute medical hospital admission, and the prevalence of undiagnosed COPD in the community is high. The impact of undiagnosed COPD on presentation to secondary care services is not currently known. We therefore set out to characterise patients at first admission with an acute exacerbation of COPD, and to identify potential areas for improvement in earlier diagnosis and further management. A retrospective case review of patients first admitted to a district teaching hospital with an acute exacerbation of COPD over a 1-year period was carried out. Forty-one patients with a first admission with an acute exacerbation of COPD were identified, 14 (34%) of whom had not been previously diagnosed and were diagnosed with COPD as a result of the admission. At presentation, this group of patients had severe disease, with mean (SD) FEV(1) 1.02 (0.32) L, and a respiratory acidosis in eight (20%) patients, even though this was their first admission for an acute exacerbation of COPD. Missed potential opportunities to intervene in community and inpatient management were identified, including earlier diagnosis, pre-hospital corticosteroid therapy, inpatient respiratory team input, provision of smoking cessation advice and consideration of pulmonary rehabilitation. Patients with a first hospital admission with an acute exacerbation of COPD frequently have severe disease at presentation. Despite having severe disease, a diagnosis of COPD had not been made in the community prior to admission in one-third of patients. Future work should be directed at earlier identification of patients who are symptomatic from COPD and ensuring that the interventions of proven benefit in COPD are systematically offered to patients in both primary and secondary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Bastin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Whittington Hospital, London, UK
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Teoh S, Chin L, Menon V, Ng M, Peat N, Raper M, Savage J, Selman A, Starling L, Thavarajah D, Tupprasoot R. World records in obstetrics and gynaecology. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2006; 26:607-11. [PMID: 17071422 DOI: 10.1080/01443610600889769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Teoh
- Medical Students from the Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK.
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Weir BS, Triggs CM, Starling L, Stowell LI, Walsh KA, Buckleton J. Interpreting DNA mixtures. J Forensic Sci 1997; 42:213-22. [PMID: 9068179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The interpretation of mixed DNA stains is explained in the context of likelihood ratios. The probabilities for the mixed-stain profile are evaluated under alternative explanations that specify the numbers of contributors and the profiles of any known contributors. Interpretations based simply on the frequencies with which random members of a population would not be excluded from a mixed-stain profile do not make use of all the information, and may overstate the strength of the evidence against included people. The effects of the numbers of contributors depends on whether all the alleles at a locus are present in the mixed stain. A general equation is given to allow likelihood ratios to be calculated, and includes the "2p" modification suggested by the 1996 NRC report. This modification is not always conservative. A computer program to perform calculations is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Weir
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
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Hamilton JF, Starling L, Cordiner SJ, Monahan DL, Buckleton JS, Chambers GK, Weir BS. New Zealand population data at five VNTR loci: validation as databases for forensic identity testing. Sci Justice 1996; 36:109-17. [PMID: 8640393 DOI: 10.1016/s1355-0306(96)72575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Databases were developed for three New Zealand ethnic groups (Caucasian, Maori and Polynesian), at five VNTR loci (D1S7, D2S44, D4S139, D5S110 and D12S11), and validated for interpretation of forensic identity tests. A +/-2.8% sliding window was used to define the alleles at each locus and allelic frequency distributions were obtained for each locus. The conservative nature of the sliding window approach for forensic casework was demonstrated. Tests for independence of alleles within and between loci showed good agreement with the expectation of independence. Although Polynesians are known to have reduced genetic diversity at some VNTR loci, this was found not to be a concern for the present methodology. Procedures for the analysis and reporting of DNA profile results used by New Zealand forensic scientists are therefore appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Hamilton
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd, Wellington Science Centre, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
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Starling L, McIntosh JE, McIntosh RP. Estimating the rate of externalization of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptors in ovine anterior pituitary cells in vitro. J Endocrinol 1988; 117:97-107. [PMID: 2833554 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1170097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We report an estimate of the rate of externalization of unstimulated receptors for gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and derive from this the turnover time of the unstimulated receptor. The binding of the GnRH antagonist [acetyl-D-pCl-Phe1,2,D-Trp3,D-Lys6,D-Ala10]-GnRH to dispersed sheep anterior pituitary cells was non-saturable at 37 degrees C. Further experiments showed that the binding had two distinct phases. We suggest that these phases correspond to the initial, saturable binding to existing plasma membrane receptors, followed by binding to receptors as they are inserted into the surface membrane. The two processes are temporally distinct, and can be inhibited independently by pharmacological manipulations. The initial phase was inhibited by treatments that could be expected to reduce the number of active receptors on the cell surface (preincubation of the cells for 30 min with 100 micrograms neuraminidase/ml or 50 mumol GnRH/ml), and was complete in less than 30 min after the addition of the antagonist tracer. The second phase occurred continuously in the presence of tracer, and was reduced or abolished by inhibitors of microtubule function (100 mumol vinblastine/l), protein synthesis (25 micrograms cycloheximide/ml), or energy metabolism (0.25 mmol 2,4-dinitrophenol/l). The rate of insertion of receptors into the plasma membrane was calculated from the rate of increase of the second phase of binding. The calculated rate implies a 100% turnover of unstimulated receptors every 150 min. In contrast, previously published estimates of the rate of internalization of the GnRH-receptor complex in the rat pituitary suggest that the stimulated receptor is turned over much faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Starling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wellington School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
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McIntosh RP, McIntosh JE, Starling L. Effects of modifiers of cytoskeletal structures on the dynamics of release of LH from sheep anterior pituitary cells stimulated with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, K+ or phorbol ester. J Endocrinol 1987; 112:289-98. [PMID: 3546573 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1120289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the importance of reorganization of cell components by cytoskeletal structures to the short-term dynamic changes in LH release from dispersed sheep pituitary cells in perifusion, when stimulated with different dynamic patterns of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH). The changes in rate of LH release investigated were the initial response to GnRH, desensitization, change of dose-response during desensitization, and recovery of sensitivity between pulses of stimulation. Cytochalasin D and colchicine were used to modify microfilament and microtubule action respectively. To determine whether receptor movement after binding of agonist was involved in the altered responses, K+ and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) were used as stimulants because they cause LH release independently of agonist-receptor interaction. After 3 and 48 h culture on dextran beads and 2-3 h incubation in the presence and absence of 2-48 mumol cytochalasin D/1, or 8 or 250 mumol colchicine/l, aliquots of collagenase-dispersed sheep pituitary cells were stimulated at 37 degrees C in tubes or in a multicolumn perifusion system with 850 pmol GnRH/1, 109 mmol K+/1 or 10 nmol PMA/1. Fractions of supernatant or effluent were collected at intervals and LH concentrations measured by radioimmunoassay. Control samples were treated in the same way but without stimulation. Maximal, reversible enhancement of LH release over the first 20 min following stimulation with all secretagogues was observed after incubation of cells in 6 mumol cytochalasin/l. Desensitization behaviour, the supramaximal response, and the ability of cells to recover sensitivity to repeated pulses of GnRH were not altered by this modifier of microfilament polymerization at 6 or 24 mumol/ml. Colchicine at 8 mumol/l caused no changes in LH release. At 250 mumol/l, colchicine reduced the initial response of cells to GnRH stimulation but its action at this relatively high level may not be specific; there was no other major change in desensitization patterns, nor recovery of sensitivity to pulsed GnRH stimulation. Each treatment affected cellular responses similarly before and after culture. From studying the details of the dynamics of the short-term responses of gonadotrophs, we conclude that transport of cell components involving microfilaments and microtubules is unlikely to be a major limitation on the rate of LH release during desensitization, the supramaximal response, or the recovery of sensitivity between pulses of GnRH. This suggests that biochemical reactions rather than physical translocation may be rate-limiting in these processes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Aronow WS, Starling L, Etienne F, D'Alba P, Edwards M, Lee NH, Parungao RF, Sales FF. Risk factors for atherothrombotic brain infarction in persons over 62 years of age in a long-term health care facility. J Am Geriatr Soc 1987; 35:1-3. [PMID: 3794140 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1987.tb01311.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A history of systolic (greater than or equal to 160 mm Hg) or diastolic (greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg) hypertension, diabetes mellitus (fasting venous plasma glucose greater than or equal to 140 mg/dl), a history of cigarette smoking, fasting serum total cholesterol greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl and greater than or equal to 250 mg/dl, and obesity (greater than or equal to 20% above ideal body weight) were examined as risk factors for atherothrombotic brain infarction (ABI) in 144 men, mean age 81 +/- 8 years, and 391 women, mean age 82 +/- 8 years, in a long-term health care facility. ABI occurred in 33 of 144 men (23%) and in 68 of 391 women (17%), P not significant. A history of systolic or diastolic hypertension correlated with ABI in both men and women (P less than 0.001). Diabetes mellitus correlated with ABI in both men and women (P less than 0.001). A history of cigarette smoking correlated with ABI in men (P less than 0.02) but not in women. Serum total cholesterol greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl and greater than or equal to 250 mg/dl did not significantly correlate with ABI in men or in women. Obesity did not significantly correlate with ABI in men or in women. Systolic or diastolic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cigarette smoking are risk factors for ABI in elderly men. Systolic or diastolic hypertension and diabetes mellitus are risk factors for ABI in elderly women.
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Abstract
The possible involvement of polyphosphoinositides in the stimulation of LH release was investigated. Dispersed sheep pituitary cells were incubated in test-tubes, or perifused in columns, with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and Li+, or with a phorbol ester, and the amounts and patterns of LH release over time compared. Treatment with Li+ (10 mmol/l), which is known to increase levels of inositol phosphates in gonadotrophs, was shown to have effects only on the responses of desensitized cells, significantly decreasing the rate at which the cells desensitize (P less than 0.005) and decreasing the response to supramaximal levels of GnRH stimulus (P less than 0.01). It is suggested that these effects could be due to increased levels of inositol monophosphate, inositol bisphosphate or inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate. Responses to single or repeated pulses of GnRH at 18-, 30- and 60-min intervals were not significantly altered. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), an activator of the calcium and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C), was specifically active in releasing LH with a half-maximal stimulating dose of approximately 3 nmol/l. Phorbol 12,13-diacetate, which is structurally similar to PMA but does not activate protein kinase C, did not release LH, except at high levels in freshly dispersed cells. The timing of PMA-stimulated LH release was similar to that for GnRH-stimulated release, and PMA was able to release greater amounts of LH than could GnRH. This suggests that activation of protein kinase C is likely to be important in the GnRH-stimulated release of LH from gonadotrophs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Aronow WS, Starling L, Etienne F. Lack of efficacy of digoxin in treatment of compensated congestive heart failure with third heart sound and sinus rhythm in elderly patients receiving diuretic therapy. Am J Cardiol 1986; 58:168-9. [PMID: 3728318 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(86)90264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Aronow WS, Starling L, Etienne F, D'Alba P, Edwards M, Lee NH, Parungao RF. Risk factors for coronary artery disease in persons older than 62 years in a long-term health care facility. Am J Cardiol 1986; 57:518-20. [PMID: 3953435 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(86)90827-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A history of smoking 5 to 60 cigarettes per day, hypercholesterolemia (fasting total serum cholesterol 200 mg/dl or more), history of systolic (160 mm Hg or more) or diastolic (90 mm Hg or more) hypertension, diabetes mellitus (fasting venous plasma glucose 140 mg/dl or more) and obesity (at least 20% above ideal body weight) were correlated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in 138 men (mean age 82 +/- 8 years) and 380 women (mean age 82 +/- 8 years) in a long-term health care facility. CAD occurred in 43 of 138 men (31%) and in 103 of 380 women (27%), difference not significant. A history of smoking 5 to 60 cigarettes per day significantly correlated with CAD in men (p less than 0.001) but not in women. Hypercholesterolemia significantly correlated with CAD in both men (p less than 0.001) and women (p less than 0.005). A history of systemic hypertension significantly correlated with CAD in women (p less than 0.001) but not in men. Diabetes mellitus did not significantly correlate with CAD in men or women but weakly correlated with CAD in men plus women (p less than 0.05). Obesity did not significantly correlate with CAD in men or women. Hypercholesterolemia, a history of smoking 5 to 60 cigarettes per day, and a history of systemic hypertension were considered major risk factors. Having 2 or 3 major risk factors correlated with CAD significantly better than having no or 1 major risk factor in both elderly men (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.01) and women (p less than 0.001).
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Aronow WS, Starling L, Etienne F, D'Alba P, Edwards M, Lee NH, Parungao RF. Unrecognized Q-wave myocardial infarction in patients older than 64 years in a long-term health-care facility. Am J Cardiol 1985; 56:483. [PMID: 3929582 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(85)90892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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