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de Oliveira LA, de Morais IRB, Barbosa MDS, Beutinger Marchioro S, Leite Machado LOC, Ferreira Marques M, da Silva Ferreira T, de Almeida GB, de Oliveira Barbosa D, Leite Torres AJ, Simionatto S. Immune Response to an Inactivated Vaccine of SARS-CoV-2 (CoronaVac) in an Indigenous Brazilian Population: A Cohort Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:402. [PMID: 38675784 PMCID: PMC11053429 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the adaptive immune responses to the CoronaVac vaccine are known, their dynamics in indigenous communities remain unclear. In this study, we assessed the humoral and cellular immune responses to CoronaVac (Sinovac Biotech Life Sciences, 2021 NCT05225285, Beijing, China), in immunized Brazilian indigenous individuals. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study on indigenous Brazilian people between February 2021 and June 2021. Analyses of immune responses were carried out before (T1) and after a vaccination schedule was completed (T2). Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire. RESULTS We initially included 328 patients; among them, 120 (36.6%) had no SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from 106 patients during follow-up visits, of which 91 samples were analyzed by immunophenotyping assay to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T-cell response. Post-vaccination, the levels of memory B-cells and Natural Killer T-lymphocytes increased. Bororó village residents, females, and Terena ethnic group members had higher levels of anti-spike IgG antibodies post-vaccination, whereas alcohol and tobacco users had lower concentrations. CONCLUSIONS To our best knowledge, this was the first comprehensive assessment of antibody and T-cell responses against CoronaVac vaccination in indigenous patients. Our findings showed that antibody response and T-cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 were present in most patients following the vaccination schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Albuquerque de Oliveira
- Health Science Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil; (L.A.d.O.); (M.d.S.B.); (L.O.C.L.M.); (M.F.M.); (T.d.S.F.)
| | - Isa Rita Brito de Morais
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil; (I.R.B.d.M.); (S.B.M.); (G.B.d.A.); (D.d.O.B.); (A.J.L.T.)
| | - Marcelo dos Santos Barbosa
- Health Science Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil; (L.A.d.O.); (M.d.S.B.); (L.O.C.L.M.); (M.F.M.); (T.d.S.F.)
| | - Silvana Beutinger Marchioro
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil; (I.R.B.d.M.); (S.B.M.); (G.B.d.A.); (D.d.O.B.); (A.J.L.T.)
| | - Layla Oliveira Campos Leite Machado
- Health Science Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil; (L.A.d.O.); (M.d.S.B.); (L.O.C.L.M.); (M.F.M.); (T.d.S.F.)
| | - Michele Ferreira Marques
- Health Science Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil; (L.A.d.O.); (M.d.S.B.); (L.O.C.L.M.); (M.F.M.); (T.d.S.F.)
| | - Tiago da Silva Ferreira
- Health Science Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil; (L.A.d.O.); (M.d.S.B.); (L.O.C.L.M.); (M.F.M.); (T.d.S.F.)
| | - Gabriel Barroso de Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil; (I.R.B.d.M.); (S.B.M.); (G.B.d.A.); (D.d.O.B.); (A.J.L.T.)
| | - Dyjaene de Oliveira Barbosa
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil; (I.R.B.d.M.); (S.B.M.); (G.B.d.A.); (D.d.O.B.); (A.J.L.T.)
| | - Alex José Leite Torres
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil; (I.R.B.d.M.); (S.B.M.); (G.B.d.A.); (D.d.O.B.); (A.J.L.T.)
| | - Simone Simionatto
- Health Science Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil; (L.A.d.O.); (M.d.S.B.); (L.O.C.L.M.); (M.F.M.); (T.d.S.F.)
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de Oliveira LA, dos Santos Barbosa M, Leite Torres AJ, Croda MG, Oliveira da Silva B, dos Santos PCP, Rossoni R, Machado LOCL, Croda J, Maymone Gonçalves CC, Marques MF, da Silva Ferreira T, Sardi SI, Campos GS, de Almeida GB, Alves Gomes MM, Marchioro SB, Simionatto S. Seroprevalence Of SARS-COV-2 infection in asymptomatic indigenous from the largest Brazilian periurban area. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295211. [PMID: 38134187 PMCID: PMC10745159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in 496 asymptomatic individuals from Mato Grosso do Sul, located in Dourados, the largest periurban indigenous area in Brazil, from January 25 to February 4, 2021. The volunteers participated before receiving their first dose of the CoronaVac inactivated vaccine. For screening, blood samples were collected and analyzed using SARS-CoV-2 rapid tests and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We observed varying trends in total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies across different variables. Seropositivity among the participants tested was 63.70% (316/496) using the rapid test and 52.82% (262/496) were positive using the ELISA method. The majority of participants identified with the Guarani-Kaiowá ethnic group, with 66.15% (217/328), and other ethnic groups with 58.84% (193/328). The median age of the subjects was 30.5 years, with 79.57% (261/328) being femaleThis research showed the elevated seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in asymptomatic Brazilians. The findings indicate a high seropositivity rate among the asymptomatic indigenous population of Midwest Brazil. This underscores the overlooked status of these communities and underscores the need for targeted national initiatives that emphasize the protection of vulnerable ethnic groups in the fight against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo dos Santos Barbosa
- Health Science Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alex José Leite Torres
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariana Garcia Croda
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruna Oliveira da Silva
- Health Science Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Regina Rossoni
- Health Science Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Julio Croda
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Crhistinne Cavalheiro Maymone Gonçalves
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- State Secretariat of Health of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Michele Ferreira Marques
- Health Science Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tiago da Silva Ferreira
- Health Science Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Silvia Inês Sardi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gubio Soares Campos
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Barroso de Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marilia Maria Alves Gomes
- Health Science Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Silvana Beutinger Marchioro
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Simone Simionatto
- Health Science Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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de Oliveira LA, de Rezende IM, Navarini VJ, Marchioro SB, Torres AJL, Croda J, Croda MG, Gonçalves CCM, Xavier J, de Castro E, Lima M, Iani F, Adelino T, Aburjaile F, Ferraz Demarchi LH, Taira DL, Zardin MCSU, Fonseca V, Giovanetti M, Andrews J, Alcantara LCJ, Simionatto S. Genomic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 from an indigenous reserve in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1195779. [PMID: 37965526 PMCID: PMC10641392 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1195779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on indigenous populations. Understanding the viral dynamics within this population is essential to create targeted protection measures. Methods A total of 204 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples collected between May 2020 and November 2021 from an indigenous area in Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Midwestern Brazil, were screened. Samples were submitted to whole genome sequencing using the Nanopore sequencing platform. Clinical, demographic, and phylogenetic data were analyzed. Results We found the co-circulation of six main SARS-CoV-2 lineages in the indigenous population, with the Zeta lineage being the most prevalent (27.66%), followed by B.1.1 (an ancestral strain) (20.21%), Gamma (14.36%) and Delta (13.83%). Other lineages represent 45.74% of the total. Our phylogenetic reconstruction indicates that multiple introduction events of different SARS-CoV-2 lineages occurred in the indigenous villages in MS. The estimated indigenous population mortality rate was 1.47%. Regarding the ethnicity of our cohort, 64.82% belong to the Guarani ethnicity, while 33.16% belong to the Terena ethnicity, with a slightly higher prevalence of males (53.43%) among females. Other ethnicities represent 2.01%. We also observed that almost all patients (89.55%) presented signs and symptoms related to COVID-19, being the most prevalent cough, fever, sore throat, and headache. Discussion Our results revealed that multiple independent SARS-CoV-2 introduction events had occurred through time, probably due to indigenous mobility, since the villages studied here are close to urban areas in MS. The mortality rate was slightly below of the estimation for the state in the period studied, which we believe could be related to the small number of samples evaluated, the underreporting of cases and deaths among this population, and the inconsistency of secondary data available for this study. Conclusion In this study, we showed the circulation of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants in this population, which should be isolated and protected as they belong to the most fragile group due to their socioeconomic and cultural disparities. We reinforce the need for constant genomic surveillance to monitor and prevent the spread of new emerging viruses and to better understand the viral dynamics in these populations, making it possible to direct specific actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Albuquerque de Oliveira
- Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Izabela Mauricio de Rezende
- Stanford Pandemic Preparedness Hub, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Vinicius João Navarini
- Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Silvana Beutinger Marchioro
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alex José Leite Torres
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Julio Croda
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana Garcia Croda
- Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Crhistinne Cavalheiro Maymone Gonçalves
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- State Secretariat of Health of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Joilson Xavier
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Emerson de Castro
- Ezequiel Dias Foundation (FUNED), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Lima
- Ezequiel Dias Foundation (FUNED), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Felipe Iani
- Ezequiel Dias Foundation (FUNED), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Talita Adelino
- Ezequiel Dias Foundation (FUNED), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aburjaile
- Preventive Veterinary Medicine Departament, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Deborah Ledesma Taira
- State Secretariat of Health of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Vagner Fonseca
- Pan American Health Organization - PAHO, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Climate-Amplified Diseases and Epidemics (CLIMADE) Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jason Andrews
- Stanford Pandemic Preparedness Hub, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara
- Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Climate-Amplified Diseases and Epidemics (CLIMADE) Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone Simionatto
- Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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de Morais IRB, Barbosa DDO, de Almeida GB, da Costa RR, da Silva BO, de Oliveira LA, Arantes JP, Leite LOC, Rossato L, Ribeiro MB, Marchioro SB, Freire SM, Nascimento RJM, Simionatto S, Torres AJL. Determining reference ranges for immunological cells of healthy indigenous individuals from a region in Brazil. Einstein (Sao Paulo) 2023; 21:eAO0291. [PMID: 37878969 PMCID: PMC10567104 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2023ao0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Morais et al. conducted a pioneering study with Brazilian indigenous populations to determine reference values for immunologic cells from healthy adult individuals. The main findings included a higher relative median for T lymphocyte subsets in females than males, and T CD3+, T CD4+, and T CD8+ relative values were statistically different when compared with Brazilian populations from other Brazilian regions. The relative medians of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in women than in men in a healthy indigenous population. Demographic and ethnic diversity of the Brazilian population can be associated with quantitative modifications in the immunologic cells of healthy individuals. OBJECTIVE The establishment of reference values for a subset of leukocytes is common in clinical practice, and ethnic variations are strongly associated with disease development. In Brazil, indigenous people are vulnerable to infections, and few studies have described the health and disease conditions of this population. This study aimed to provide reference values for immunological cell subsets in indigenous Brazilians living in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. METHODS Flow cytometry and 4-color combinations of monoclonal antibodies were used to characterize cells. A total of 115 healthy adults, mostly females (72%), were included in the study. The results are presented as mean and median (2.5%-97.5% percentiles) for T and B lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, Natural Killer cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells, providing an average immunological profile for the population in question. RESULTS The relative medians of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in women than in men in a healthy indigenous population. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, cell reference data from indigenous Brazilians are unknown in the literature. The immune cell results presented in this pioneering study will contribute to the clinical and laboratory evaluation of the Brazilian indigenous population, especially given the important differences when compared with other Brazilian ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Rita Brito de Morais
- Universidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBABrazil Universidade Federal da Bahia , Salvador , BA , Brazil .
| | | | | | - Regina Rossoni da Costa
- Universidade Federal da Grande DouradosDouradosMSBrazil Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados , Dourados , MS , Brazil .
| | - Bruna Oliveira da Silva
- Universidade Federal da Grande DouradosDouradosMSBrazil Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados , Dourados , MS , Brazil .
| | - Laís Albuquerque de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal da Grande DouradosDouradosMSBrazil Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados , Dourados , MS , Brazil .
| | - Julia Pimentel Arantes
- Universidade Federal da Grande DouradosDouradosMSBrazil Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados , Dourados , MS , Brazil .
| | - Layla Oliveira Campos Leite
- Universidade Federal da Grande DouradosDouradosMSBrazil Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados , Dourados , MS , Brazil .
| | - Luana Rossato
- Universidade Federal da Grande DouradosDouradosMSBrazil Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados , Dourados , MS , Brazil .
| | - Marcos Borges Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBABrazil Universidade Federal da Bahia , Salvador , BA , Brazil .
| | | | - Songelí Menezes Freire
- Universidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBABrazil Universidade Federal da Bahia , Salvador , BA , Brazil .
| | | | - Simone Simionatto
- Universidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBABrazil Universidade Federal da Bahia , Salvador , BA , Brazil .
| | - Alex José Leite Torres
- Universidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBABrazil Universidade Federal da Bahia , Salvador , BA , Brazil .
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Croda MG, Barbosa MDS, Marchioro SB, Nascimento DDGD, Melo ECP, Cruz OG, Torres AJL, Oliveira LAD, Ganem F, Simionatto S. The first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in an indigenous population in Brazil: an epidemiological study. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2022; 64:e69. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202264069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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