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Glänzel NM, Parmeggiani B, Grings M, Seminotti B, Brondani M, Bobermin LD, Ribeiro CAJ, Quincozes-Santos A, Vockley J, Leipnitz G. Myelin Disruption, Neuroinflammation, and Oxidative Stress Induced by Sulfite in the Striatum of Rats Are Mitigated by the pan-PPAR agonist Bezafibrate. Cells 2023; 12:1557. [PMID: 37371027 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfite predominantly accumulates in the brain of patients with isolated sulfite oxidase (ISOD) and molybdenum cofactor (MoCD) deficiencies. Patients present with severe neurological symptoms and basal ganglia alterations, the pathophysiology of which is not fully established. Therapies are ineffective. To elucidate the pathomechanisms of ISOD and MoCD, we investigated the effects of intrastriatal administration of sulfite on myelin structure, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in rat striatum. Sulfite administration decreased FluoromyelinTM and myelin basic protein staining, suggesting myelin abnormalities. Sulfite also increased the staining of NG2, a protein marker of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. In line with this, sulfite also reduced the viability of MO3.13 cells, which express oligodendroglial markers. Furthermore, sulfite altered the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), indicating neuroinflammation and redox homeostasis disturbances. Iba1 staining, another marker of neuroinflammation, was also increased by sulfite. These data suggest that myelin changes and neuroinflammation induced by sulfite contribute to the pathophysiology of ISOD and MoCD. Notably, post-treatment with bezafibrate (BEZ), a pan-PPAR agonist, mitigated alterations in myelin markers and Iba1 staining, and IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS and HO-1 expression in the striatum. MO3.13 cell viability decrease was further prevented. Moreover, pre-treatment with BEZ also attenuated some effects. These findings show the modulation of PPAR as a potential opportunity for therapeutic intervention in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nícolas Manzke Glänzel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Belisa Parmeggiani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Mateus Grings
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Seminotti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Morgana Brondani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa D Bobermin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - César A J Ribeiro
- Natural and Humanities Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-070, SP, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
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Quincozes-Santos A, Rosa RLD, Bobermin LD, Tureta EF, Santi L, Beys-da-Silva WO. Association between molecular markers of COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease. J Med Virol 2021; 94:833-835. [PMID: 34647635 PMCID: PMC8662010 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- André Quincozes-Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael L da Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Larissa D Bobermin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Emanuela F Tureta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Santi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Walter O Beys-da-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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3
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Wyse AT, Siebert C, Bobermin LD, Dos Santos TM, Quincozes-Santos A. Changes in Inflammatory Response, Redox Status and Na +, K +-ATPase Activity in Primary Astrocyte Cultures from Female Wistar Rats Subject to Ovariectomy. Neurotox Res 2019; 37:445-454. [PMID: 31773642 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are dynamic glial cells that maintain brain homeostasis, particularly metabolic functions, inflammatory response, and antioxidant defense. Since menopause may be associated with brain dysfunction, in the present study, we evaluated anti- and proinflammatory cytokine release in cortical and hippocampal astrocyte cultures obtained from adult female Wistar rats subjected to ovariectomy, a known experimental model of menopause. We also tested some parameters of metabolic functionality (Na+, K+-ATPase activity) and cellular redox status, such as antioxidant enzyme defenses (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species in this experimental model. Female adult Wistar rats (180 days-age) were assigned to one of the following groups: sham (submitted to surgery without removal of the ovaries) and ovariectomy (submitted to surgery to removal of the ovaries). Thirty days after ovariectomy or sham surgery, we prepared astrocyte cultures from control and ovariectomy surgery animals. Ovariectomized rats presented an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukins 1β, 6, and 18) and a decrease in interleukin 10 release, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in cortical and hippocampal astrocytes, when compared to those obtained from sham group (control). In addition, Na+,K+-ATPase activity decreased in hippocampal astrocytes, but not in cortical astrocyte cultures. In contrast, antioxidant enzymes did not alter in cortical astrocyte cultures, but increased in hippocampal astrocytes. In summary, our findings suggest that ovariectomy is able to induce an inflammatory response in vivo, which could be detected in in vitro astrocytes after approximately 4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ts Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Cassiana Siebert
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Larissa D Bobermin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neurotoxicidade e Glioproteção, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tiago M Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neurotoxicidade e Glioproteção, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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A. Quinteros D, Witt Hansen A, Bellaver B, Bobermin LD, R. Pulcinelli R, Bandiera S, Caletti G, Bitencourt PER, Quincozes-Santos A, Gomez R. Combined Exposure to Alcohol and Tobacco Smoke Changes Oxidative, Inflammatory, and Neurotrophic Parameters in Different Areas of the Brains of Rats. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1336-1346. [PMID: 30653286 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Devastating effects of exposure to alcohol and tobacco smoke on health are extensively reported in the literature. However, few studies have attempted to elucidate the consequences of their combined use on the central nervous system. Here we studied the effect of this combined use on some oxidative, inflammatory, and neurotrophic parameters in the hippocampus, striatum, and frontal cortex of rats. Adult Wistar rats were allocated into control (CT), alcohol (AL), tobacco smoke (TB), or combined (ALTB) groups. Rats were exposed to environmental air (CT and AL groups) or to the smoke from six cigarettes (TB and ALTB groups) immediately after tap water (CT and TB) or 2 g of alcohol/kg (AL and ALTB) oral gavage administration, twice a day, for 4 weeks. On day 28, rats were euthanized and areas of the brain were dissected to evaluate some cellular redox parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. A one-way analysis of variance showed that the ALTB combined treatment significantly increased oxidative stress levels in the hippocampus. ALTB also increased interleukin-1β levels in the striatum and frontal cortex and tumoral necrosis factor-α levels in the frontal cortex compared with those of AL, TB, and CT rats. Combined treatment also decreased the BDNF levels in the frontal cortex of rats. Oxidative damage was found, more importantly, in the hippocampus, and inflammatory parameters were extended to all areas of the brain that were studied. Our results showed an interaction between alcohol and tobacco smoke according to the area of the brain, suggesting an additional risk of neural damage in alcoholics who smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayane A. Quinteros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica (PPGFT), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90040-060, Brazil
| | - Alana Witt Hansen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica (PPGFT), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90040-060, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bellaver
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Biológicas: Bioquímica, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Larissa D. Bobermin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Biológicas: Bioquímica, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Rianne R. Pulcinelli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica (PPGFT), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90040-060, Brazil
| | - Solange Bandiera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica (PPGFT), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90040-060, Brazil
| | - Greice Caletti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica (PPGFT), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90040-060, Brazil
| | - Paula E. R. Bitencourt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica (PPGFT), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90040-060, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Biológicas: Bioquímica, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Rosane Gomez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica (PPGFT), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90040-060, Brazil
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5
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Gonçalves CA, Rodrigues L, Bobermin LD, Zanotto C, Vizuete A, Quincozes-Santos A, Souza DO, Leite MC. Glycolysis-Derived Compounds From Astrocytes That Modulate Synaptic Communication. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1035. [PMID: 30728759 PMCID: PMC6351787 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the concept of the tripartite synapse, we have reviewed the role of glucose-derived compounds in glycolytic pathways in astroglial cells. Glucose provides energy and substrate replenishment for brain activity, such as glutamate and lipid synthesis. In addition, glucose metabolism in the astroglial cytoplasm results in products such as lactate, methylglyoxal, and glutathione, which modulate receptors and channels in neurons. Glucose has four potential destinations in neural cells, and it is possible to propose a crossroads in “X” that can be used to describe these four destinations. Glucose-6P can be used either for glycogen synthesis or the pentose phosphate pathway on the left and right arms of the X, respectively. Fructose-6P continues through the glycolysis pathway until pyruvate is formed but can also act as the initial compound in the hexosamine pathway, representing the left and right legs of the X, respectively. We describe each glucose destination and its regulation, indicating the products of these pathways and how they can affect synaptic communication. Extracellular L-lactate, either generated from glucose or from glycogen, binds to HCAR1, a specific receptor that is abundantly localized in perivascular and post-synaptic membranes and regulates synaptic plasticity. Methylglyoxal, a product of a deviation of glycolysis, and its derivative D-lactate are also released by astrocytes and bind to GABAA receptors and HCAR1, respectively. Glutathione, in addition to its antioxidant role, also binds to ionotropic glutamate receptors in the synaptic cleft. Finally, we examined the hexosamine pathway and evaluated the effect of GlcNAc-modification on key proteins that regulate the other glucose destinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Letícia Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Larissa D Bobermin
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Caroline Zanotto
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriana Vizuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marina C Leite
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Dall'Igna OP, Bobermin LD, Souza DO, Quincozes-Santos A. Riluzole increases glutamate uptake by cultured C6 astroglial cells. Int J Dev Neurosci 2013; 31:482-6. [PMID: 23777615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Riluzole is a drug approved for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and may be effective for the treatment of other neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Riluzole exerts diverse actions on the central nervous system, including altering glutamate release and uptake, and therefore act diminishing glutamate extracellular levels, but the underlying mechanism of these actions is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that riluzole stimulated glutamate uptake and augmented the expression of the glutamate EAAC1 transporter in C6 astroglial cell cultures. The effect of riluzole on glutamate uptake was reduced to below controls when it was co-administered with inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC; bisindolylmaleimide II), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K; wortmannin) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1; PD173074). Riluzole also decreased reactive oxygen species load with no effect on glutathione levels. This study investigates three independent intracellular pathways and the mechanism of action of riluzole on glutamate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar P Dall'Igna
- Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, CEP 90035-000, Brazil.
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Nardin P, Tramontina AC, Quincozes-Santos A, Tortorelli LS, Lunardi P, Klein PR, Wartchow KM, Bobermin LD, Gottfried C, Elisabetsky E, Gonçalves CA. In vitro S100B secretion is reduced by apomorphine: effects of antipsychotics and antioxidants. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:1291-6. [PMID: 21513766 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes express dopamine receptors and respond to dopamine stimulation. However, the role of astrocytes in psychiatric disorders and the effects of antipsychotics on astroglial cells have only been investigated recently. S100B is a glial-derived protein, commonly used as a marker of astroglial activation in psychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia. We investigated S100B secretion in three different rat brain preparations (fresh hippocampal slices, C6 glioma cells and primary astrocyte cultures) exposed to apomorphine and antipsychotics (haloperidol and risperidone), aiming to evaluate, ex vivo and in vitro, whether dopamine activation and dopaminergic antagonists modulate astroglial activation, as measured by changes in the extracellular levels of S100B. The serum S100B elevation observed in schizophrenic patients is not reflected by the in vitro decrease of S100B secretion that we observed in hippocampal slices, cortical astrocytes and C6 glioma cells treated with apomorphine, which mimics dopaminergic hyperactivation. This decrease in S100B secretion can be explained by a stimulation of D2 receptors negatively coupled to adenyl cyclase. Antipsychotic medications and antioxidant supplementation were able to prevent the decline in S100B secretion. Findings reinforce the benefits of antioxidant therapy in psychiatric disorders. Based on our results, in hippocampal slices exposed to apomorphine, it may be suggested that antipsychotics could help to normalize S100B secretion by astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Nardin
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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8
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Tramontina AC, Tramontina F, Bobermin LD, Zanotto C, Souza DF, Leite MC, Nardin P, Gottfried C, Gonçalves CA. Secretion of S100B, an astrocyte-derived neurotrophic protein, is stimulated by fluoxetine via a mechanism independent of serotonin. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008; 32:1580-3. [PMID: 18582527 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 05/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
S100B is a calcium-binding protein, produced and secreted by astrocytes, which has a putative paracrine neurotrophic activity. Clinical studies have suggested that peripheral elevation of this protein is positively correlated with a therapeutic antidepressant response, particularly to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs); however, the mechanism underlying this response remains unclear. Here, we measured S100B secretion directly in hippocampal astrocyte cultures and hippocampal slices exposed to fluoxetine and observed a significant increment of S100B release in the presence of this SSRI, apparently dependent on protein kinase A (PKA). Moreover, we found that serotonin (possibly via the 5HT1A receptor) reduces S100B secretion and antagonizes the effect of fluoxetine on S100B secretion. These data reinforce the effect of fluoxetine, independently of serotonin and serotonin receptors, suggesting a putative role for S100B in depressive disorders and suggesting that other molecular targets may be relevant for antidepressant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Tramontina
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600- Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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