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Cang XL, Guerra RR, Guta B, Bucci P, Rodgers L, Mah H, Feng Q, Agrawal A, MacLean KE. FEELing (key)Pressed: Implicit Touch Pressure Bests Brain Activity in Modelling Emotion Dynamics in the Space Between Stressed and Relaxed. IEEE Trans Haptics 2023; PP:1-8. [PMID: 37665695 DOI: 10.1109/toh.2023.3308059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
In-body lived emotional experiences can be complex, with time-varying and dissonant emotions evolving simultaneously; devices responding in real-time to estimate personal human emotion should evolve accordingly. Models assuming generalized emotions exist as discrete states fail to operationalize valuable information inherent in the dynamic and individualistic nature of human emotions. Our multi-resolution emotion self-reporting procedure allows the construction of emotion labels along the Stressed-Relaxed scale, differentiating not only what the emotions are, but how they are transitioning - e.g., "hopeful but getting stressed" vs. "hopeful and starting to relax". We trained participant-dependent hierarchical models of contextualized individual experience to compare emotion classification by modality (brain activity and keypress force from a physical keyboard), then benchmarked classification performance at F1-scores=[0.44, 0.82] (chance F1=0.22, σ = 0.01) and examined high-performing features. Notably, when classifying emotion evolution in the context of an experience that realistically varies in stress, pressure-based features from keypress force proved to be the more informative modality, and more convenient when considering intrusiveness and ease of collection and processing. Finally, we present our FEEL (Force, EEG and Emotion-Labelled) dataset, a collection of brain activity and keypress force data, labelled with self-reported emotion collected during tense videogame play (N=16) and open-sourced for community exploration.
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Keane N, Rodgers L, Downey T, Seenan P, Colquhoun K. DOES AN ONCOGERIATRIC SERVICE REDUCE THE BURDEN OF POLYPHARMACY FOR THE OLDER CANCER PATIENT? J Geriatr Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1879-4068(19)31276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rodgers L, Ward E, Mckillop A. ACUTE ADMISSIONS IN OLDER CANCER PATIENTS: THE IMPACT OF INCREASING AGE ON ACUTE ONCOLOGY SERVICES. J Geriatr Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1879-4068(19)31261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Cherry N, Arrandale V, Beach J, Galarneau JMF, Mannette A, Rodgers L. Health and Work in Women and Men in the Welding and Electrical Trades: How Do They Differ? Ann Work Expo Health 2019; 62:393-403. [PMID: 29471427 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxy007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives There is little information on how work tasks, demands, and exposures differ between women and men in nominally the same job. This is critical in setting workplace standards that will protect the health of both men and those women moving into less traditional work roles. Information used in setting standards is currently based almost entirely on male workers. This paper describes differences in work and health, and the relation between them, in women and men who have undergone the same trade training for the welding or electrical trades. Method Four cohorts were established. Two were women across Canada in the welding and electrical trades who had been in an apprenticeship since 2005. Cohorts of men in the same trades during the same period were established in the province of Alberta, Canada. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire at recruitment and were followed up every 6 months to collect detailed information on work carried out and on their health and habits. At the end of the study (up to 5 years for women and up to 3 years for men), the cohort members completed a final questionnaire including questions on mental health, harassment, and gender. Results The four cohorts comprised 1001 welders (447 female; 554 male) and 885 in the electrical trades (438 female; 447 male). Follow-up information was available for 89%. Women were more likely than men to have had some post-secondary education before starting their trade and were less likely to be living as married or to have a child. More welders smoked, and more men were heavy drinkers. At recruitment, more welders than those in the electrical trades reported rhinitis (sneezing and runny nose), depression, and anxiety. Female welders reported more depression (38%) than male welders (30%), compared to 24% in the electrical trades. At first follow-up, new-onset shoulder pain was more frequent in men and new-onset asthma or wheezing in welders. Within each trade, women reported less variety in tasks. Women welders were less likely to be employed in construction than men, and women were less likely to become industrial electricians. Overall, 54% of women and 46% of men reported never using respiratory protection when welding. In the end-of-study questionnaires received to date, 49% reported bullying or harassment during the apprenticeship, with higher proportions in welding than electrical trades and in women compared with men. Such harassment was reflected in higher anxiety and depression scores. Conclusions This is the first report on these four cohorts and demonstrates the capacity for detailed analysis of the differences in exposure and new-onset occupationally related ill-health. While women and men in the same trades appear to be doing broadly similar work, and to have similar patterns on health at the first follow-up, there are some significant differences in the types of employment and variety of tasks. The very detailed information collected will allow more precise estimates of exposures to be correlated with health outcomes at the end of the follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cherry
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Jeremy Beach
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Antonia Mannette
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Laura Rodgers
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
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Rodgers L, Hicks J, Steele N. 68: Carboplatin monotherapy in patients with stage 4 NSCLC. Lung Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(17)30118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chang YC, Khanal Lamichhane A, Bradley J, Rodgers L, Ngamskulrungroj P, Kwon-Chung KJ. Differences between Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in the Molecular Mechanisms Governing Utilization of D-Amino Acids as the Sole Nitrogen Source. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131865. [PMID: 26132227 PMCID: PMC4489021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to grow on media containing certain D-amino acids as a sole nitrogen source is widely utilized to differentiate Cryptococcus gattii from C. neoformans. We used the C. neoformans H99 and C. gattii R265 strains to dissect the mechanisms of D-amino acids utilization. We identified three putative D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) genes in both strains and showed that each DAO gene plays different roles in D-amino acid utilization in each strain. Deletion of DAO2 retarded growth of R265 on eleven D-amino acids suggesting its prominent role on D-amino acid assimilation in R265. All three R265 DAO genes contributed to growth on D-Asn and D-Asp. DAO3 was required for growth and detoxification of D-Glu by both R265 and H99. Although growth of H99 on most D-amino acids was poor, deletion of DAO1 or DAO3 further exacerbated it on four D-amino acids. Overexpression of DAO2 or DAO3 enabled H99 to grow robustly on several D-amino acids suggesting that expression levels of the native DAO genes in H99 were insufficient for growth on D-amino acids. Replacing the H99 DAO2 gene with a single copy of the R265 DAO2 gene also enabled its utilization of several D-amino acids. Results of gene and promoter swaps of the DAO2 genes suggested that enzymatic activity of Dao2 in H99 might be lower compared to the R265 strain. A reduction in virulence was only observed when all DAO genes were deleted in R265 but not in H99 indicating a pathobiologically exclusive role of the DAO genes in R265. These results suggest that C. neoformans and C. gattii divergently evolved in D-amino acid utilization influenced by their major ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun C. Chang
- Molecular Microbiology Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ami Khanal Lamichhane
- Molecular Microbiology Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - James Bradley
- Molecular Microbiology Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Laura Rodgers
- Molecular Microbiology Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Popchai Ngamskulrungroj
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kyung J. Kwon-Chung
- Molecular Microbiology Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
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Rayamajhi MB, Pratt PD, Klopfenstein NB, Ross-Davis AL, Rodgers L. First Report of Puccinia psidii Caused Rust Disease Epiphytotic on the Invasive Shrub Rhodomyrtus tomentosa in Florida. Plant Dis 2013; 97:1379. [PMID: 30722144 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-13-0225-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. (downy-rose myrtle, family: Myrtaceae), of South Asian origin, is an invasive shrub that has formed monotypic stands in Florida (3). During the winter and spring of 2010 through 2012, a rust disease of epiphytotic proportion was observed on young foliage, stem terminals, and immature fruits of this shrub in natural areas of Martin and Lee counties, Florida. Expanding leaves and succulent stems developed chlorotic flecks on the surface that developed into pustules and ruptured to discharge urediniospores. Symptomatic leaves and stems developed severe necrotic spots and resulted in tissue distortion, defoliation, and stem dieback. Based on symptoms and urediniospore morphology and dimensions (17.7 to 26.1 [22.1 ± 0.3] × 14.7 to 21.1 [17.7 ± 0.2] μm; n = 51) (4), the causal agent was identified as Puccinia psidii Winter; teliospores were not observed in samples since it does not produce these spore stages below 20°C ambient temperature (1). This identification was confirmed by a GenBank BLAST of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences (Accession Nos. KC607876 and KC607877) that showed 99% identity with 42 sequences of P. psidii from diverse host species and locations. P. psidii is believed to be of neotropical origin and has a host range of 129 species in 33 genera within Myrtaceae (2). However, P. psidii caused disease of downy-rose myrtle has not been previously reported in Florida, even though severe infections occurred on another invasive tree, Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.F. Blake (3), growing in adjacent areas. In December 2011, urediniospores were collected from downy-rose myrtle, established in aqueous suspension (45,000 spores/ml), and spray inoculated on potted downy-rose myrtle plants (n = 3), which were maintained in 100% ambient humidity, at 20°C, with a 12-h light cycle for 72 h. Plants mock-inoculated with water served as the negative control. Disease symptoms, including chlorotic flecks and raised surfaces, appeared on leaf lamina in 3 to 6 days on P. psidii-inoculated plants, while control plants remained symptomless. Raised surfaces developed into distinct pustules and eventually erupted to discharge urediniospores within 6 to 12 days of inoculation. Tests were repeated once during March and April of 2012 with the same results. The latent and incubation periods reported herein are within the previously reported range for P. psidii (2,4). To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of P. psidii epiphytotic on downy-rose myrtle populations in Florida. The recent occurrence of P. psidii epiphytotic on downy-rose myrtle raises critical questions as to why this myrtle rust disease is so severe and widespread on this host after decades of presumed exposure to P. psidii in Florida. Because this rust pathogen has emerged as a major invasive threat to many myrtaceous species around the world, further genotyping and cross-inoculation studies are needed to determine the host specificity and potential origin of the P. psidii isolates derived from downy-rose myrtle (2). References: (1) A. C. Alfenas et al. Australas. Plant Pathol. 32:325, 2003. (2) A. J. Carnegie and J. R. Lidbetter. Australas. Plant Pathol. 41:13, 2012. (3) K. A. Langeland and C. K Burks, eds. Identification and biology of non-native plants in Florida's natural areas. University of Florida, Gainesville, 1998. (4) M. B. Rayachhetry et al. Biol. Contr. 22:38, 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Rayamajhi
- USDA-ARS, Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, Fort Lauderdale, FL
| | - P D Pratt
- USDA-ARS, Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, Fort Lauderdale, FL
| | - N B Klopfenstein
- USDA-ARS, Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, Fort Lauderdale, FL
| | - A L Ross-Davis
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Moscow, ID
| | - L Rodgers
- South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, Florida
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Oleck LG, Retano A, Tebaldi C, McGuinness TM, Weiss S, Carbray J, Rodgers L, Donelson EE, Ashton LL, Koehn D, McCoy P. Advanced practice psychiatric nurses legislative update: State of the States, 2010. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2011; 17:171-88. [PMID: 21659307 DOI: 10.1177/1078390311402331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an update regarding individual state legislation for advanced practice psychiatric nursing, building on previous briefings. Specific attention is given to independent versus collaborative practice regulations, titling, and prescriptive authority. There is review of contemporary issues and focus on scope and standards of practice, workforce data, certification, and advanced practice regulatory models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie G Oleck
- Indiana University Health Behavioral Care, Indianapolis, IN 46229, USA.
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Puch-Solis R, Rodgers L, Pope S, Evett I. Assigning weight of DNA evidence using a continuous model that takes into account stutter and dropout. Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2009.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Stolarov J, Chang K, Reiner A, Rodgers L, Hannon GJ, Wigler MH, Mittal V. Design of a retroviral-mediated ecdysone-inducible system and its application to the expression profiling of the PTEN tumor suppressor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:13043-8. [PMID: 11687610 PMCID: PMC60821 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.221450598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have engineered the ecdysone-inducible mammalian expression system for general retroviral delivery to cultured mammalian cells. We inducibly expressed PTEN in the glioblastoma cell line, U87MG, lacking this gene. Because nearly all cells are recruited on induction, we find both up- and down-regulated genes by cDNA microarray analysis. The changes we see are similar to those observed after treatment with LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase, fully consistent with the model that PTEN antagonizes phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase. Both treatments result in suppressed expression of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta gene and the genes of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Our results illustrate the power of using a fully inducible expression system in conjunction with cDNA microarray analysis for exploring gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stolarov
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, P.O. Box 100, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
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Abstract
The symptoms associated with chronic lung disease can impair quality of life and psychosocial functioning. The purpose of the present study was to provide a thorough baseline assessment of quality of life in patients with end-stage lung disease and being evaluated for transplant; and to assess potential differences in quality of life between patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and those with other types of end-stage lung disease (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)). We evaluated 58 patients with CF and 52 patients with other types of end-stage lung disease who were recruited for this study during an assessment of their candidacy for lung transplant. Subjects completed a battery of questionnaires that assessed demographic factors (including work and educational status), the presence of psychological distress (anxiety and depression), availability of social support, coping styles, and physical functioning. Despite significant impairment in physical functioning in the areas of recreation, household activities, sleep, and ambulation, other indices of life quality suggested good adaptation in the majority of patients. Also, quality of life differed for patients with CF and for those with other types of end-stage lung disease. Patients with CF were more likely to be working, had lower levels of anxiety and higher levels of social support, and used more functional coping strategies than did patients with other end-stage lung disease. These results highlight the fact that patients with different types of lung disease may require different psychosocial services as they await transplant. These findings also raise the question of whether there is a difference in quality of life after transplant between patients with CF and those with other types of lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Burker
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7205, USA.
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Rodgers L, Dangel-Palmer MC, Berner N. Acute circulatory and respiratory collapse in obstetrical patients: a case report and review of the literature. AANA J 2000; 68:444-50. [PMID: 11759129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Venous air embolism is the entrapment of air into the venous system producing signs and symptoms due to obstruction of pulmonary arterial blood flow. We present a healthy, 27-year-old, full-term parturient admitted for postdate induction of labor. Cesarean delivery was required following fetal distress. During delivery, the mother became bradycardic and required advanced cardiac life support for resuscitation. Serial hemoglobin values, electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, and a magnetic resonance image of the head were all normal. No fetal squamous cells were found in the patient's blood. She required 6 days of ventilation, was successfully extubated, and was discharged 14 days after the cesarean delivery. The differential diagnosis in this patient's care centered on a pulmonary embolic event. Thromboembolism was unlikely, based upon the patient's rapid clinical improvement without definitive therapy for thrombotic disease or detection of peripheral thrombosis. Amniotic fluid embolus was unlikely, although not excluded, by the absence of fetal cells in the maternal circulation and the lack of an accompanying intravascular coagulopathy. Air embolism may occur in up to 50% of women undergoing cesarean delivery. A lethal embolism may follow a bolus of 3 to 5 mL/kg of air. Chief among the many symptoms of air embolism are tachypnea, chest pain, and gasping. The diagnosis may be facilitated by precordial Doppler monitoring, transesophageal echocardiography, or by the identification of air when aspirating from a right heart catheter. Management includes optimum patient positioning, aspiration of air, discontinuation of nitrous oxide, administration of 100% oxygen, and flooding the surgical site with saline to avoid further air entry. Preventive strategies are also discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Adult
- Bradycardia/diagnosis
- Bradycardia/etiology
- Bradycardia/therapy
- Cesarean Section/adverse effects
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Echocardiography, Doppler
- Echocardiography, Transesophageal
- Embolism, Air/diagnosis
- Embolism, Air/etiology
- Embolism, Air/therapy
- Embolism, Amniotic Fluid/diagnosis
- Embolism, Amniotic Fluid/etiology
- Embolism, Amniotic Fluid/therapy
- Female
- Humans
- Monitoring, Intraoperative
- Obstetric Labor Complications/diagnosis
- Obstetric Labor Complications/etiology
- Obstetric Labor Complications/therapy
- Oxygen Inhalation Therapy
- Pregnancy
- Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis
- Pulmonary Embolism/etiology
- Pulmonary Embolism/therapy
- Resuscitation/methods
- Suction
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rodgers
- William Beaumont Hospital/Oakland University Graduate Program of Nurse Anesthesia, Rochester, Mich., USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1997 a set of 53 clinical indicators developed by the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS) and the Australian Council on Healthcare Standards (ACHS) Care Evaluation Programme (CEP), was introduced into the ACHS Evaluation and Quality Improvement Programme (EQuIP). The clinical indicators covered 20 different conditions or procedures for eight specialty groups and were designed to act as flags to possible problems in surgical care. METHODS The development process took several years and included a literature review, field testing, and revision of the indicators prior to approval by the College council. In their first year 155 health-care organizations (HCO) addressed the indicators and this rose to 210 in 1998. Data were received from all states and both public and private facilities. RESULTS The collected data for 1997 and 1998 for some of the indicators revealed rates which were comparable with those reported in the international literature. For example, the rates of bile duct injury in laparoscopic cholecystectomy were 0.7 and 0.53%, respectively; the mortality rates for coronary artery graft surgery were 2.5 and 2.1%, respectively; the mortality rates after elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair were 2.5 and 3.7%, respectively; and the post-tonsillectomy reactionary haemorrhage rates were 0.9 and 1.3%, respectively. Results for some indicators differed appreciably from other reports, flagging the need for further investigation; for example, the negative histology rates for appendectomy in children were 18.6 and 21.2%, respectively, and the rates for completeness of excision of malignant skin tumours were 90.7 and 90%, respectively. The significance of these figures, however, depends upon validation of the data and their reliability and reproducibility. Because reliability can be finally determined only at the hospital level they are of limited value for broader comparison. CONCLUSION The process of review established for the indicator set has led to refinement of some indicators through improvement of definitions, and to a considerable reduction in the number of indicators to 29 (covering 18 procedures), for the second version of the indicators (which was introduced for use from January 1999). The clinical indicator programme, as it has with other disciplines, hopefully will provide a stimulus to the modification and improvement of surgical practice. Clinician ownership should enhance the collection of reliable data and hence their usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Collopy
- Australian Council on Healthcare Standards Care Evaluation Program, Aikenhead Centre, St Vincent's Hopsital, Fitzroy, Victoria.
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Collopy BT, Williams J, Rodgers L, Campbell J, Jenner N, Andrews N. The ACHS Care Evaluation Program: a decade of achievement. Australian Council on Healthcare Standards. J Qual Clin Pract 2000; 20:36-41. [PMID: 10821455 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1762.2000.00346.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In 1989 the Australian Council on Healthcare Standards (ACHS) embarked on a programme to develop acute health care clinical indicators in conjunction with the Australian medical colleges. Through a carefully structured stepwise process this collaboration established a 'World first' in 1993 with the introduction of the first set of indicators into the ACHS Accreditation programme. The programme remains unique in the formal involvement of providers in the development process and in the scope of the clinical areas covered in acute health care. From the year 2000 there will be 18 sets (and over 200 indicators) from which health care organisations (HCOs) can choose to monitor the major services they provide. There remains no compulsion to address a specific number of indicators. The growth of the programme has been considerable with more than half of the nations' acute HCOs reporting their clinical indicator data (twice yearly) and it provides a reflection of the care given for the majority of patient separations in acute care. This reporting process allows HCOs to receive feedback on the aggregate results together with comparative peer group information for each indicator they address. In addition to numerous publications in peer reviewed journals an annual aggregate report, 'the Measurement of Care in Australian Hospitals' is published. It reports both qualitative and quantitative data on all indicator sets for the preceding year. Validity of the indicators is strengthened each year with a review process and reliability and reproducibility of the data can now be demonstrated. The clinical response to the indicators has been overwhelming and there is now documented evidence of numerous actions taken by HCOs to improve both the processes and the outcomes of patient care. The nation wide database can be expected to reflect trends in care over the next few years. The process of indicator refinement, however, will continue and it is likely that a reduction in the total number of indicators will occur with a core group of the more 'robust' indicators remaining. Further directions in indicator development are likely to be in the area of multidisciplinary care and in the assessment of longer-term outcomes. In addition to measures of the quality of care, hopefully, in time, health care providers will also take part in the establishment of measures of the appropriateness of that care.
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Li J, Yen C, Liaw D, Podsypanina K, Bose S, Wang SI, Puc J, Miliaresis C, Rodgers L, McCombie R, Bigner SH, Giovanella BC, Ittmann M, Tycko B, Hibshoosh H, Wigler MH, Parsons R. PTEN, a putative protein tyrosine phosphatase gene mutated in human brain, breast, and prostate cancer. Science 1997; 275:1943-7. [PMID: 9072974 DOI: 10.1126/science.275.5308.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3509] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mapping of homozygous deletions on human chromosome 10q23 has led to the isolation of a candidate tumor suppressor gene, PTEN, that appears to be mutated at considerable frequency in human cancers. In preliminary screens, mutations of PTEN were detected in 31% (13/42) of glioblastoma cell lines and xenografts, 100% (4/4) of prostate cancer cell lines, 6% (4/65) of breast cancer cell lines and xenografts, and 17% (3/18) of primary glioblastomas. The predicted PTEN product has a protein tyrosine phosphatase domain and extensive homology to tensin, a protein that interacts with actin filaments at focal adhesions. These homologies suggest that PTEN may suppress tumor cell growth by antagonizing protein tyrosine kinases and may regulate tumor cell invasion and metastasis through interactions at focal adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Department of Pathology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Levy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Abstract
This cross-sectional twin study examined the influence of constitutional, lifestyle, and genetic factors on bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly women. BMD, at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, Ward's triangle, total hip, and total forearm, total body bone mineral content (BMC), and lean mass and fat mass were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 69 volunteer female twin pairs (37 monozygotic [MZ], 32 dizygotic [DZ]) aged 60-89 years. Height and weight were measured. Medical history and lifetime tobacco and alcohol use were determined by questionnaire. In terms of within-pair differences, lean mass was independently associated with BMD at all sites. In contrast, fat mass was not associated with BMD at any site once allowance had been made for lean mass. Lifetime tobacco use was independently associated with BMD at the lumbar spine, total hip, and forearm. Total body BMC was independently predicted by lean mass, fat mass, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption. Age and the above independently predictive body composition and lifestyle factors accounted for 20-33% of variation in BMD. After allowing for these covariates, MZ and DZ correlations were consistent with about 75% of residual variation in BMD at the nonforearm sites being determined by genetic factors. For total body BMC, the covariates explained 75% of total variation, and genetic factors 76% of the residual variation. Therefore, at the proximal femur and lumbar spine, after taking into account the relation of BMD with lean mass and smoking, genetic factors appear to play a substantial role in explaining variation in BMD in elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Flicker
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
To study alternative splicing and tissue-specific expression of the mammalian genes encoding type-IV cAMP-specific phosphodiesterases, which are homologs of the dnc learning and memory gene of Drosophila melanogaster, we cloned seven cDNAs from four rat loci (PDE1, PDE2, PDE3 and PDE4) homologous to dnc. The deduced amino-acid sequences of the proteins encoded by the rat loci were shown to have a 1:1 correspondence with those encoded by the four human dnc homologs. The proteins encoded by at least one cDNA from each of the four rat loci contained novel N-terminal upstream conserved regions (UCR1 and UCR2), described previously in proteins encoded by the human dnc homologs and by dnc. cDNAs from three of the rat loci (PDE2, PDE3 and PDE4) had a structure consistent with alternative splicing of the 5' coding regions of their respective mRNAs. UCR1, and in one case a portion of UCR2, were absent in one of the alternatively spliced transcripts from these three loci. RNase protection analysis showed that the rat PDE3 and PDE4 loci were each expressed at relatively constant levels in multiple regions of the brain, while PDE2 transcripts were more abundant in temporal cortex and brainstem. One of the alternatively spliced mRNAs from the PDE4 locus was relatively more abundant in temporal cortex and cerebellum. One alternatively spliced transcript from the PDE3 locus was expressed more abundantly in parietal cortex. Both of the alternatively spliced transcripts from the human DPDE4 locus (the homolog of rat PDE4) were expressed in temporal cortex.
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19
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Mukherjee S, Ghosh S, Rodgers L, Nayyar T, Desai U, Das SK. Toxic effects of fatty acid anilides on the oxygen defense systems of guinea pig lungs and erythrocytes. J Biochem Toxicol 1994; 9:1-7. [PMID: 8151627 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.2570090102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Toxic oil syndrome (TOS) is caused by ingestion of denatured edible oils. Even though the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease are not fully known, it is quite clear that generation of free radicals caused by ingestion of fatty acid anilides is responsible for the pathogenetic mechanism in many TOS patients. Fatty acid anilides may also alter the free radical status of lungs and erythrocytes; this possibility may shed some light on understanding toxic oil syndrome. The present study describes the effects of oral administration of fatty acid anilides on the activities of major enzymes involved in the oxygen defense systems of lungs and erythrocytes. Feeding fatty acid anilides caused an increase in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in erythrocytes, whereas it caused a decrease in the SOD activity in lungs. GSH-Px activity was not significantly changed in erythrocytes but was decreased in lungs. Although the activity of catalase was increased only by a higher dose in the erythrocytes, it was not affected in the lung at any dosage. Even though the ingestion of fatty acid anilides caused an increase in the SOD activity in the erythrocytes and a decrease in the SOD activity in the lungs, there was an increase in the lipid peroxidation in both cases. The increase in lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes is probably caused by the accumulation of H2O2, and that in the lungs is due to the accumulation of superoxide anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
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20
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Bolger G, Michaeli T, Martins T, St John T, Steiner B, Rodgers L, Riggs M, Wigler M, Ferguson K. A family of human phosphodiesterases homologous to the dunce learning and memory gene product of Drosophila melanogaster are potential targets for antidepressant drugs. Mol Cell Biol 1993; 13:6558-71. [PMID: 8413254 PMCID: PMC364715 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.13.10.6558-6571.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We have isolated cDNAs for four human genes (DPDE1 through DPDE4) closely related to the dnc learning and memory locus of Drosophila melanogaster. The deduced amino acid sequences of the Drosophila and human proteins have considerable homology, extending beyond the putative catalytic region to include two novel, highly conserved, upstream conserved regions (UCR1 and UCR2). The upstream conserved regions are located in the amino-terminal regions of the proteins and appear to be unique to these genes. Polymerase chain reaction analysis suggested that these genes encoded the only homologs of dnc in the human genome. Three of the four genes were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and shown to encode cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterases. The products of the expressed genes displayed the pattern of sensitivity to inhibitors expected for members of the type IV, cyclic AMP-specific class of phosphodiesterases. Each of the four genes demonstrated a distinctive pattern of expression in RNA from human cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bolger
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724
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21
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Michaeli T, Bloom TJ, Martins T, Loughney K, Ferguson K, Riggs M, Rodgers L, Beavo JA, Wigler M. Isolation and characterization of a previously undetected human cAMP phosphodiesterase by complementation of cAMP phosphodiesterase-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:12925-32. [PMID: 8389765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We have established a highly sensitive functional screen for the isolation of cDNAs encoding cAMP phosphodiesterases (PDEs) by complementation of defects in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain lacking both endogenous cAMP PDE genes, PDE1 and PDE2. Three groups of cDNAs corresponding to three distinct human genes encoding cAMP-specific PDEs were isolated from a human glioblastoma cDNA library using this functional screen. Two of these genes are closely related to the Drosophila dunce cAMP-specific PDE. The third gene, which we named HCP1, encoded a novel cAMP-specific PDE. HCP1 has an amino acid sequence related to the sequences of the catalytic domains of all cyclic nucleotide PDEs. HCP1 is a high affinity cAMP-specific PDE (Km = 0.2 microM) that does not share other properties of the cAMP-specific PDE family, i.e. extensive sequence homology to the Drosophila dunce cAMP PDE and sensitivity to rolipram and R020-1724. The PDE activity of HCP1 is not sensitive to cGMP or other inhibitors of the cGMP-inhibitable PDEs, such as milrinone. The biochemical and pharmacological properties of HCP1 suggest that it is a member of a previously undiscovered cyclic nucleotide PDE family. Northern blot analysis indicates that high levels of HCP1 mRNA are present in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Michaeli
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724
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22
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Michaeli T, Bloom T, Martins T, Loughney K, Ferguson K, Riggs M, Rodgers L, Beavo J, Wigler M. Isolation and characterization of a previously undetected human cAMP phosphodiesterase by complementation of cAMP phosphodiesterase-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)31474-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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23
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Rodgers L. Physicians must guide allocation of medical resources. Iowa Med 1992; 82:491-2. [PMID: 1464527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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24
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Xu HP, Rajavashisth T, Grewal N, Jung V, Riggs M, Rodgers L, Wigler M. A gene encoding a protein with seven zinc finger domains acts on the sexual differentiation pathways of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mol Biol Cell 1992; 3:721-34. [PMID: 1515675 PMCID: PMC275630 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.3.7.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Byr3 was selected as a multicopy suppressor of the sporulation defects of diploid Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells that lack ras1. Like cells mutant at byr1 and byr2, two genes that encode putative protein kinases and that in multiple copies are also suppressors of the sporulation defects of ras1 null diploid cells, cells mutant at byr3 are viable but defective in conjugation. Nucleic acid sequence indicates byr3 has the capacity to encode a protein with seven zinc finger binding domains, similar in structure to the cellular nucleic acid binding protein (CNBP), a human protein that was identified on the basis of its ability to bind DNA. Expression of CNBP in yeast can partially suppress conjugation defects of cells lacking byr3.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Xu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724
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25
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Gerst JE, Rodgers L, Riggs M, Wigler M. SNC1, a yeast homolog of the synaptic vesicle-associated membrane protein/synaptobrevin gene family: genetic interactions with the RAS and CAP genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992; 89:4338-42. [PMID: 1316605 PMCID: PMC49077 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.10.4338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SNC1, a gene from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, encodes a homolog of vertebrate synaptic vesicle-associated membrane proteins (VAMPs) or synaptobrevins. SNC1 was isolated by its ability to suppress the loss of CAP function in S. cerevisiae strains possessing an activated allele of RAS2. CAP is a component of the RAS-responsive S. cerevisiae adenylyl cyclase complex. The N-terminal domain of CAP is required for full cellular responsiveness to activated RAS proteins. The C-terminal domain of CAP is required for normal cellular morphology and responsiveness to nutrient extremes. Multicopy plasmids expressing SNC1 suppress only the loss of the C-terminal functions of CAP and only in the presence of activated RAS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Gerst
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574
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26
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McClave SA, Snider HL, Lowen CC, McLaughlin AJ, Greene LM, McCombs RJ, Rodgers L, Wright RA, Roy TM, Schumer MP. Use of residual volume as a marker for enteral feeding intolerance: prospective blinded comparison with physical examination and radiographic findings. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1992; 16:99-105. [PMID: 1556825 DOI: 10.1177/014860719201600299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
High gastric residual volumes (RVs) are a frequent cause for cessation of total enteral nutrition (TEN). This study was designed to determine the RV that indicates intolerance or inadequate gastric emptying and to compare the RV findings in a blinded fashion with those findings obtained on physical examination and radiography. Twenty healthy normal volunteers (HNV), 8 stable patients with gastrostomy tubes (GTP), and 10 critically ill patients (CIP) were evaluated prospectively for 8 hours while receiving TEN. No subjects were clearly intolerant (ie, vomiting, aspiration). Of the total RVs recorded, 13.1% were greater than or equal to 150 mL in the CIP group, whereas only 2.4% of the RVs were greater than or equal to 150 mL in the HNV group. None of the RVs in the GTP group were greater than or equal to 150 mL. Objective scores on physical examination failed to correlate with RV (p = .397), as did objective scores on radiography (p = .742). However, objective scores on physical examination were significantly related to scores on radiography (p = .016). Abnormal physical examination findings were found in 4 out of 11 patients (GTP + CIP) with RVs less than 100 mL and in 6 out of 7 with RVs greater than or equal to 100 mL. Abnormal radiographic results were found in 6 out of 11 patients with RVs less than 100 mL, in 7 out of 7 patients with RVs greater than or equal to 100 mL, and in 4 out of 20 HNVs. There was no difference in RVs obtained from the supine or right lateral decubitus positions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S A McClave
- University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kentucky 40292
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27
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Kawamukai M, Gerst J, Field J, Riggs M, Rodgers L, Wigler M, Young D. Genetic and biochemical analysis of the adenylyl cyclase-associated protein, cap, in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mol Biol Cell 1992; 3:167-80. [PMID: 1550959 PMCID: PMC275516 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.3.2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified, cloned, and studied a gene, cap, encoding a protein that is associated with adenylyl cyclase in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This protein shares significant sequence homology with the adenylyl cyclase-associated CAP protein in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. CAP is a bifunctional protein; the N-terminal domain appears to be involved in cellular responsiveness to RAS, whereas loss of the C-terminal portion is associated with morphological and nutritional defects. S. pombe cap can suppress phenotypes associated with deletion of the C-terminal CAP domain in S. cerevisiae but does not suppress phenotypes associated with deletion of the N-terminal domain. Analysis of cap disruptants also mapped the function of cap to two domains. The functional loss of the C-terminal region of S. pombe cap results in abnormal cellular morphology, slow growth, and failure to grow at 37 degrees C. Increases in mating and sporulation were observed when the entire gene was disrupted. Overproduction of both cap and adenylyl cyclase results in highly elongated large cells that are sterile and have measurably higher levels of adenylyl cyclase activity. Our results indicate that cap is required for the proper function of S. pombe adenylyl cyclase but that the C-terminal domain of cap has other functions that are shared with the C-terminal domain of S. cerevisiae CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kawamukai
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724
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28
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Wang Y, Xu HP, Riggs M, Rodgers L, Wigler M. byr2, a Schizosaccharomyces pombe gene encoding a protein kinase capable of partial suppression of the ras1 mutant phenotype. Mol Cell Biol 1991; 11:3554-63. [PMID: 2046669 PMCID: PMC361098 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.11.7.3554-3563.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizosaccharomyces pombe contains a single gene, ras1, which is a homolog of the mammalian RAS genes. ras1 is required for conjugation, sporulation, and normal cell shape. ras1 has been previously identified as ste5. We report here a gene we call byr2 that can encode a predicted protein kinase and can partially suppress defects in ras1 mutants. ras1 mutant strains expressing high levels of byr2 can sporulate competently but are still defective in conjugation and abnormally round. byr2 mutants are viable and have normal shape but are absolutely defective in conjugation and sporulation. byr2 is probably identical to ste8. In many respects, byr2 resembles the byr1 gene, another suppressor of the ras1 mutation, which has been identified previously as ste1. Our data indicate that if ras1, byr2, and byr1 act along the same pathway, then the site of action for byr2 is between the sites for ras1 and byr1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724
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29
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Wang Y, Boguski M, Riggs M, Rodgers L, Wigler M. sar1, a gene from Schizosaccharomyces pombe encoding a protein that regulates ras1. Cell Regul 1991; 2:453-65. [PMID: 1883874 PMCID: PMC361829 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.2.6.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Proper ras1 function is required for normal sexual function in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We have found a gene in S. pombe, sar1, that encodes a product capable of regulating ras1 function. sar1 is a member of an expanding family of RAS GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) that includes mammalian GAP, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae IRA proteins, and the product of the human neurofibromatosis locus, NF1 sar1, like these other proteins, can complement the loss of IRA function in S. cerevisiae. Computer analysis shows that the highest degree of sequence conservation is restricted to a very small number of diagnostic residues represented by the motif Phe-Leu-Arg-X-X-X-Pro-Ala-X-X-X-Pro. We find no evidence that sar1 is required for the effector function of ras1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724
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30
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Colicelli J, Nicolette C, Birchmeier C, Rodgers L, Riggs M, Wigler M. Expression of three mammalian cDNAs that interfere with RAS function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88:2913-7. [PMID: 1849280 PMCID: PMC51350 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.7.2913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing the activated RAS2Val19 gene or lacking both cAMP phosphodiesterase genes, PDE1 and PDE2, have impaired growth control and display an acute sensitivity to heat shock. We have isolated two classes of mammalian cDNAs from yeast expression libraries that suppress the heat shock-sensitive phenotype of RAS2Val19 strain. Members of the first class of cDNAs also suppress the heat shock-sensitive phenotype of pde1- pde2- strains and encode cAMP phosphodiesterases. Members of the second class fail to suppress the phenotype of pde1- pde2- strains and therefore are candidate cDNAs encoding proteins that interact with RAS proteins. We report the nucleotide sequence of three members of this class. Two of these cDNAs share considerable sequence similarity, but none are clearly similar to previously isolated genes.
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31
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Xu HP, Riggs M, Rodgers L, Wigler M. A gene from S. pombe with homology to E. coli RNAse III blocks conjugation and sporulation when overexpressed in wild type cells. Nucleic Acids Res 1990; 18:5304. [PMID: 2205842 PMCID: PMC332177 DOI: 10.1093/nar/18.17.5304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H P Xu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY 11724
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32
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Abstract
We have screened expression libraries for mammalian cDNAs capable of suppressing defects in ras1- Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Both the RAP1A and RAP1B genes were identified in this manner. They suppress defects in cell morphology and sporulation, although not conjugation. In contrast, RAP genes do not suppress phenotypes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are deficient in RAS. Indeed, expression of RAP1A appears to antagonize the activated S. cerevisiae RAS2val19 gene. These results indicate that RAP proteins can interact with RAS targets, sometimes productively, sometimes nonproductively.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Xu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724
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33
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O'Brien CJ, Crockard AD, McMillan S, Rodgers L, Middleton D, Fay A, Harley JM, Hadden DR. Increased interleukin 2 receptor expression in post-gestational women: relationship to impaired glucose tolerance and islet cell antibodies in pregnancy. Autoimmunity 1990; 7:97-108. [PMID: 2104186 DOI: 10.3109/08916939008993382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen women with positive islet cell antibodies were identified in a group of 115 consecutive patients found to have impaired glucose tolerance in pregnancy. These subjects were postulated to be at increased risk of later developing type 1 diabetes mellitus. They were examined post--partum for HLA types known to be associated with this disease and for any increase in Interleukin 2 receptor expression or alteration of T cell subsets of possible relevance to its pathogenesis. Fifteen women negative for islet antibodies and with normal glucose tolerance during previous pregnancy and 15 women with a normal fasting plasma glucose who had never been pregnant were studied as controls. Using flow cytometric techniques a significant increase in both the number and proportion of activated (Interleukin 2 receptor, CD25) lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of women who had islet cell antibodies and previous impaired glucose tolerance in pregnancy was found (0.14 +/- SE 0.03 x 10(9)/l; 7.1 +/- 1.1%) when compared with normal parous controls (0.09 +/- 0.01 x 10(9)/l; 4.2 +/- 0.6%), p less than 0.01 x 10(9)/l; showed significant increases when compared with nulliparous controls (0.04 +/- 0.01 x 10(9)/l; 2.1 +/- 0.2%), p less than 0.01. No differences were detected between the three groups with respect to total T-lymphocytes (CD3), helper T-lymphocytes (CD4), suppressor cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CD8), or the inducer of suppressor (Leu 3+/Leu 8+) subset of T-lymphocytes. Three women persistently islet cell antibody positive, two of whom were HLA DR4, showed impaired glucose tolerance at the time of lymphocyte subset analysis, while two further patients, one DR3 and the other DR4, had developed type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. No correlation between increased Interleukin 2 receptor expression and glucose intolerance was demonstrated. We conclude that islet cell antibody positive women with impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy are at increased risk of later developing type 1 diabetes but that heightened immune activation present in these women is in part a post-pregnancy phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J O'Brien
- Sir George E. Clark Metabolic Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Ireland, U.K
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34
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Esposito D, Fassina G, Szabo P, De Angelis P, Rodgers L, Weksler M, Siniscalco M. Chromosomes of older humans are more prone to aminopterine-induced breakage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989; 86:1302-6. [PMID: 2919179 PMCID: PMC286676 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.4.1302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We have adopted a simplified version of the "cell hybrid cotransfer method" to test the hypothesis that human lymphocytes derived from elderly individuals have a higher chromosome instability. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from "old" male individuals and "young" controls were fused with a Chinese hamster cell line (CHO-YH21), yielding 10 HAT-resistant rodent-human clones from the old propositi and 22 from the young controls (HAT = hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine). Both series of hybrid clones were analyzed with respect to the retention of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the surface antigen MIC2 identified by monoclonal antibody 12E7, two human X chromosome-linked markers located at opposite ends of the X chromosome. Cell hybrid clones with an X chromosome from a young control retained both markers in about 70% of the cells. In contrast, cell hybrid clones with an X chromosome from an old donor retained the MIC2 marker in only 30% of their cells. Slot-blot hybridization studies have established that the observed loss of the MIC2 marker is due to loss of the coding gene, not to suppression of its expression. Similar hybridization studies with molecular probes specific for other regions of the X chromosome suggest preferential chromosomal breakage sites. T lymphocytes from old donors were also found to have an LD50 for aminopterine significantly lower than the concentration of this drug in the HAT medium used to grow the hybrids, suggesting that the higher level of gene loss observed in the X chromosomes from old donors may be directly related to their increased sensitivity to the clastogenic effect of aminopterine. We speculate that the higher rate of chromosomal breakage and of marker loss observed along the "old-age" X chromosomes could be the result of "molecular scars" accumulated with aging at sites of constitutive chromosomal fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Esposito
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021
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35
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Hearing J, Hunter E, Rodgers L, Gething MJ, Sambrook J. Isolation of Chinese hamster ovary cell lines temperature conditional for the cell-surface expression of integral membrane glycoproteins. J Cell Biol 1989; 108:339-53. [PMID: 2537314 PMCID: PMC2115425 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.108.2.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A procedure is described to select mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cells that are conditionally defective for the cell-surface expression of integral membrane glycoproteins, including the hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus. Using a combination of cell sorting and biochemical screening, seven cell lines were obtained that express more cell-surface HA at 32 degrees C than at 39 degrees C. The production of infectious vesicular stomatitis virus, whose growth requires insertion of an integral membrane protein into the plasma membrane, was also temperature conditional in the majority of these mutant cell lines. Five of the lines synthesized apparently normally core-glycosylated HA at the elevated temperature but the protein was neither displayed on the cell surface nor accumulated intracellularly. In these cell lines, little or no terminally glycosylated HA molecules were observed after synthesis at 39 degrees C. By contrast, the core glycosylation of HA and several other integral membrane proteins was abnormal in the remaining two cell lines at both permissive and restrictive temperatures, due to a lesion in a cellular gene(s) that affects the formation of and/or the addition of mannose-rich oligosaccharide chains to newly synthesized polypeptides. Although HA was transported to the plasma membrane at both 32 and 39 degrees C, it did not accumulate on the cell surface at the higher temperature, apparently because of an increased rate of degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hearing
- Department of Microbiology, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794
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36
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Field J, Nikawa J, Broek D, MacDonald B, Rodgers L, Wilson IA, Lerner RA, Wigler M. Purification of a RAS-responsive adenylyl cyclase complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by use of an epitope addition method. Mol Cell Biol 1988; 8:2159-65. [PMID: 2455217 PMCID: PMC363397 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.8.5.2159-2165.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a method for immunoaffinity purification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae adenylyl cyclase based on creating a fusion with a small peptide epitope. Using oligonucleotide technology to encode the peptide epitope we constructed a plasmid that expressed the fusion protein from the S. cerevisiae alcohol dehydrogenase promoter ADH1. A monoclonal antibody previously raised against the peptide was used to purify adenylyl cyclase by affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme appeared to be a multisubunit complex consisting of the 200-kilodalton adenylyl cyclase fusion protein and an unidentified 70-kilodalton protein. The purified protein could be activated by RAS proteins. Activation had an absolute requirement for a guanine nucleoside triphosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Field
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724
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37
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Sambrook J, Hanahan D, Rodgers L, Gething MJ. Expression of human tissue-type plasminogen activator from lytic viral vectors and in established cell lines. Mol Biol Med 1986; 3:459-81. [PMID: 3039288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have used two kinds of vectors to express a cDNA of human tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) in mammalian cells. In one case, cDNAs inserted into vectors based on bovine papilloma virus were introduced into cultured murine cells and cell lines were established that efficiently and continuously secrete enzymatically active t-PA into the medium. Second, the t-PA gene was used to replace the sequences of the simian virus (SV40) genome that code for the viral coat proteins. Virus stocks were generated and used to infect a stable line of cultured simian cells. During the resulting lytic infection, expression of the t-PA gene is governed by the potent SV40 late promoter and enzymatically active t-PA accumulates rapidly in the medium. We have used these two vector systems to analyze the biosynthesis and transport of recombinant t-PA and to compare its properties with those of "natural" t-PA secreted by the Bowes line of human melanoma cells. t-PA secreted from all three sources is identical in specific activity (approximately 20,000 units/mg) despite differences in patterns of terminal glycosylation. Furthermore, non-glycosylated t-PA synthesized in the presence of tunicamycin was secreted efficiently and was indistinguishable in specific activity from glycosylated t-PAs.
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Abstract
A chimeric gene consisting of DNA coding for the 15-amino acid signal peptide of influenza virus hemagglutinin and the C-terminal 694 amino acids of SV40 large T antigen was inserted into a bovine papilloma virus (BPV) expression vector and introduced into NIH-3T3 cells. Cell lines were obtained that express high levels (approximately 5 X 10(6) molecules/cell) of the chimeric protein (HA-T antigen). The biochemical properties and intracellular localization of HA-T antigens were compared with those of wild-type T antigen. Wild-type T antigen. Wild-type T antigen is located chiefly in the cell nucleus, although a small fraction is detected on the cell surface. By contrast, HA-T antigen is found exclusively in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). During biosynthesis, HA-T antigen is co-translationally translocated across the membrane of the ER, the signal peptide is cleaved and a mannose-rich oligosaccharide is attached to the polypeptide (T antigen contains one potential N-linked glycosylation site at Asn154). HA-T antigen does not become terminally glycosylated or acylated and little or none reaches the cell surface. These results suggest that T antigen is incapable of being transported along the exocytotic pathway. To explain the presence of wild-type T antigen on the surface of SV40-transformed cells, an alternative route is proposed involving transport of T antigen from the nucleus to the cell surface.
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Sambrook J, Rodgers L, White J, Gething M. Lines of BPV-transformed murine cells that constitutively express influenza virus hemagglutinin. EMBO J 1985; 4:91-103. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb02322.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Abstract
We have investigated the genetic and physiological control of meiosis in fission yeast. Nutritionally depleted h+/h- diploid cells become irreversibly commited to meiosis immediately prior to the initiation of premeiotic S phase. Premeiotic DNA synthesis requires matP+, matM+, mei2+ and mei3+ but not the mitotic cell cycle control gene, cdc2+. ran1+ is an essential gene, loss of which provokes sexual conjugation, premeiotic DNA synthesis, pseudo-meiosis and the sporulation of haploid cells. Our experiments suggest that sexual differentiation is achieved physiologically by the inhibition of ran1+ activity in a two-step process. In the first step, partial inhibition of ran1+ in starved haploid cells, leads to cell cycle arrest in G1 followed by sexual conjugation. In the second step, a pathway requiring the matP+, matM+ and mei3+ genes of the newly-formed zygote, further inhibits ran1+ and thereby commits the cell to meiosis. mei2+ is required for meiotic commitment after full inhibition of ran1+. ran1+ is normally essential for vegetative cell reproduction but is inessential in cells which have abnormally high levels of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. We propose that the ran1+ gene encodes a highly controlled protein kinase which shares key substrates with cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Beach
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY 11742
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Fleeman C, Rodgers L, Miller B, Wright RA. The use of a dynamometer in nutritional assessment. J Am Coll Nutr 1983; 2:397-400. [PMID: 6655164 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.1983.10719937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Standard anthropometric techniques may be unreliable in patients with subcutaneous edema or dehydration. In order to circumvent this dilemma, 98 male subjects were studied utilizing a hand-held dynamometer in conjunction with other nutritional assessment techniques. Following a nutritional assessment using anthropometric measurements, patients were characterized as being well-nourished or malnourished using three definitive measures: percentage of ideal body weight, triceps skinfold, and midarm muscle circumference. Once malnutrition was assessed, no attempt was made to distinguish between marasmus, hypoalbuminemia, or mixed marasmus types of malnutrition. A correlation matrix done between the two groups revealed no statistically significant correlation between any of the measured parameters. Analysis of variance revealed statistically significant correlations between patients in both groups (independent variables) with respect to midarm muscle circumference and dynamometer reading in the dominant arm (dependent variables). Further validation of this technique is required before it can become a standard component of nutritional assessment.
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