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Christensen KD, McMahon PM, Galbraith LN, Yeh JM, Stout NK, Lu CY, Stein S, Zhao M, Hylind RJ, Wu AC. Benefits, harms, and costs of newborn genetic screening for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Estimates from the PreEMPT model. Genet Med 2023; 25:100797. [PMID: 36727595 PMCID: PMC10168130 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Population newborn genetic screening for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is feasible, however its benefits, harms, and cost-effectiveness are uncertain. METHODS We developed a microsimulation model to simulate a US birth cohort of 3.7 million newborns. Those identified with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants associated with increased risk of HCM underwent surveillance and recommended treatment, whereas in usual care, individuals with family histories of HCM underwent surveillance. RESULTS In a cohort of 3.7 million newborns, newborn genetic screening would reduce HCM-related deaths through age 20 years by 44 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] = 10-103) however increase the numbers of children undergoing surveillance by 8127 (95% UI = 6308-9664). Compared with usual care, newborn genetic screening costs $267,000 per life year saved (95% UI, $106,000 to $919,000 per life year saved). CONCLUSION Newborn genetic screening for HCM could prevent deaths but at a high cost and would require many healthy children to undergo surveillance. This study shows how modeling can provide insights into the tradeoffs between benefits and costs that will need to be considered as newborn genetic screening is more widely adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt D Christensen
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA.
| | - Pamela M McMahon
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Lauren N Galbraith
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer M Yeh
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Natasha K Stout
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Christine Y Lu
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Sarah Stein
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - Robyn J Hylind
- Inherited Cardiac Arrhythmia Program, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA
| | - Ann Chen Wu
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA; Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
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Christensen KD, Zhang M, Galbraith LN, Granot-Hershkovitz E, Nelson SC, Gonzalez S, Argos M, Perreira KM, Daviglus ML, Isasi CR, Cai J, Talavera GA, Blout Zawatsky CL, Green RC, Isasi R, Kaplan R, Sofer T. Awareness and Utilization of Genetic Testing among Hispanic/Latino Adults Living in the US: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Human Genetics and Genomics Advances 2022; 4:100160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2022.100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Hajek C, Hutchinson AM, Galbraith LN, Green RC, Murray MF, Petry N, Preys CL, Zawatsky CLB, Zoltick ES, Christensen KD. Improved provider preparedness through an 8-part genetics and genomic education program. Genet Med 2022; 24:214-224. [PMID: 34906462 PMCID: PMC9121992 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Large-scale genetics education appropriate for general practice providers is a growing priority. We describe the content and impact of a mandatory system-wide program implemented at Sanford Health. METHODS The Imagenetics Initiative at Sanford Health developed a 2-year genetics education program with quarterly web-based modules that were mandatory for all physicians and advanced practice providers. Scores of 0 to 5 were calculated for each module on the basis of the number of objectives that the participants reported as fulfilled. In addition, the participants completed surveys before starting and after finishing the education program, which included a 7-item measure scored 7 to 28 on the perceived preparedness to practice genetics. RESULTS Between 2252 and 2822 Sanford Health employees completed each of the 8 quarterly education modules. The ratings were highest for the module about using genomics to improve patient management (mean score = 4.3) and lowest for the module about different types of genetic tests and specialists. The mean perceived preparedness scores increased from 15.7 at pre-education to 19.1 at post-education (P < .001). CONCLUSION Web-based genetics education was highly effective in increasing health care providers' confidence about using genetics. Both comfort with personal knowledge and confidence regarding access to the system's genomic medicine experts increased significantly. The results demonstrate how scalable approaches can improve provider preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Hajek
- Sanford Health Imagenetics, Sioux Falls, SD; Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD.
| | | | - Lauren N Galbraith
- Department of Population Medicine, Center for Healthcare Research in Pediatrics (CHERP), Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Robert C Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Ariadne Labs, Boston, MA
| | | | - Natasha Petry
- Sanford Health Imagenetics, Fargo, ND; Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Charlene L Preys
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA
| | - Carrie L B Zawatsky
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Ariadne Labs, Boston, MA
| | - Emilie S Zoltick
- Department of Population Medicine, Center for Healthcare Research in Pediatrics (CHERP), Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Kurt D Christensen
- Department of Population Medicine, Center for Healthcare Research in Pediatrics (CHERP), Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Galbraith LN, Preys CL, Rehm HL, Scheuner MT, Hajek C, Green RC, Christensen KD. Primary care providers' responses to unsolicited Lynch syndrome secondary findings of varying clinical significance. Genet Med 2021; 23:1977-1983. [PMID: 34113000 PMCID: PMC8487923 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: How primary care providers (PCPs) respond to genomic secondary findings (SFs) of varying clinical significance (pathogenic, uncertain significance (VUS), or benign) is unknown. Methods: We randomized 148 American Academy of Family Physicians members to review three reports with varying significance for Lynch syndrome. Participants provided open-ended responses about the follow-up they would address and organized the SF reports and five other topics in the order they would prioritize responding to them (1=highest priority, 6=lowest priority). Results: PCPs suggested referrals more often for pathogenic variants or VUSs than benign variants (72% vs 16%, p<0.001). PCPs were also more likely to address further workup, like a colonoscopy or EGD, in response to pathogenic variants or VUSs than benign variants (43% vs 4%, p<0.001). The likelihoods of addressing referrals or further workup were similar when PCPs reviewed pathogenic variants and VUSs (both p>0.46). SF reports were prioritized highest for pathogenic variants (2.7 for pathogenic variants, 3.6 for VUSs, 4.3 for benign variants, all p≤0.014). Conclusions: Results suggest that while PCPs appreciated the differences in clinical significance, disclosure of VUSs as SFs would substantially increase downstream health care utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Galbraith
- PRecisiOn Medicine Translational Research (PROMoTeR) Center, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charlene L Preys
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heidi L Rehm
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maren T Scheuner
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Hajek
- Sanford Health Imagenetics, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Robert C Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Ariadne Labs, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kurt D Christensen
- PRecisiOn Medicine Translational Research (PROMoTeR) Center, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Christensen KD, Bell M, Zawatsky CLB, Galbraith LN, Green RC, Hutchinson AM, Jamal L, LeBlanc JL, Leonhard JR, Moore M, Mullineaux L, Petry N, Platt DM, Shaaban S, Schultz A, Tucker BD, Van Heukelom J, Wheeler E, Zoltick ES, Hajek C. Precision Population Medicine in Primary Care: The Sanford Chip Experience. Front Genet 2021; 12:626845. [PMID: 33777099 PMCID: PMC7994529 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.626845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic testing has the potential to revolutionize primary care, but few health systems have developed the infrastructure to support precision population medicine applications or attempted to evaluate its impact on patient and provider outcomes. In 2018, Sanford Health, the nation's largest rural nonprofit health care system, began offering genetic testing to its primary care patients. To date, more than 11,000 patients have participated in the Sanford Chip Program, over 90% of whom have been identified with at least one informative pharmacogenomic variant, and about 1.5% of whom have been identified with a medically actionable predisposition for disease. This manuscript describes the rationale for offering the Sanford Chip, the programs and infrastructure implemented to support it, and evolving plans for research to evaluate its real-world impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt D Christensen
- Center for Healthcare Research in Pediatrics, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Megan Bell
- Sanford Health Imagenetics, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Carrie L B Zawatsky
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Ariadne Labs, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lauren N Galbraith
- Center for Healthcare Research in Pediatrics, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert C Green
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Ariadne Labs, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Leila Jamal
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jessica L LeBlanc
- Center for Healthcare Research in Pediatrics, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Michelle Moore
- Sanford Health Imagenetics, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Lisa Mullineaux
- Mayo Clinic Genomics Laboratory, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Natasha Petry
- Sanford Health Imagenetics, Fargo, ND, United States.,Department of Pharmacy Practice, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Dylan M Platt
- Sanford Health Imagenetics, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Sherin Shaaban
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - April Schultz
- Sanford Health Imagenetics, Sioux Falls, SD, United States.,Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | | | - Joel Van Heukelom
- Sanford Health Imagenetics, Sioux Falls, SD, United States.,Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | | | - Emilie S Zoltick
- Center for Healthcare Research in Pediatrics, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Catherine Hajek
- Sanford Health Imagenetics, Sioux Falls, SD, United States.,Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
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