1
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Blondeau JM, Blondeau LD, Fitch SD. In vitro killing of drug susceptible and multidrug resistant bacteria by amikacin considering pulmonary drug concentrations based on an inhaled formulation. J Chemother 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38339845 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2024.2313908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Nosocomial infections with drug resistant bacteria impact morbidity and mortality, length of therapy and stay and the overall cost of treatment. Key pathogens with ventilator associated pneumonia may be drug-susceptible or multi-drug resistant and inhaled amikacin has been investigated as an adjunctive therapy option. High pulmonary drug concentrations (epithelial lining fluid [ELF]) along with minimal systemic toxicity is seen as an advantage to inhaled formulations. In vitro killing of bacteria using clinically relevant drug concentrations provide insight on bug-drug interactions. The aim of this study was to measure killing of clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), mutant prevention concentration (MPC) and median (976 µg/ml) ELF drug concentration for amikacin. Overall killing took longer at the MIC drug concentration and was inconsistent amongst the pathogens tested with the percentage of bacteria killed following 180 min of drug exposure ranging from growth in the presence of the drug to 95% kill. At the MPC drug concentrations, killing ranged from 55-88% for all pathogens following 30 min of drug exposure and increased to 99-100% following 180 min of drug exposure. At the ELF amikacin tested, killing was 81-100% following 20 min and 94-100% by 30 min of drug exposure. Rapid killing against MDR respiratory pathogens by amikacin ELF drug concentrations is encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Blondeau
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Pathology and Ophthalmology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Leah D Blondeau
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shantelle D Fitch
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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2
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Blondeau LD, Deneer H, Rubin JE, Kanthan R, Sanche SE, Hamula CL, Blondeau JM. Zoonotic Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: an underestimated human pathogen? Future Microbiol 2023; 18:311-315. [PMID: 37158082 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Harry Deneer
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A2, Canada
| | - Joseph E Rubin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A2, Canada
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A2, Canada
| | - Rani Kanthan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A2, Canada
| | - Stephen E Sanche
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital & Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A2, Canada
| | - Camille L Hamula
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital & Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A2, Canada
| | - Joseph M Blondeau
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital & Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A2, Canada
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3
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Blondeau LD, Deutscher M, Rubin JE, Deneer H, Kanthan R, Sanche S, Blondeau JM. Urinary tract infection in a human male patient with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius transmission from the family dog. J Chemother 2021; 34:133-136. [PMID: 34747350 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2021.1995251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is increasingly recognized as a human pathogen. We report the first case of an urinary tract infection in a male patient with this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Blondeau
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - M Deutscher
- Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - J E Rubin
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - H Deneer
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - R Kanthan
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - S Sanche
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - J M Blondeau
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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4
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Blondeau LD, Sanche S, Sauder DJ, Deneer H, Kanthan R, Rubin JE, Morrison BJ, Blondeau JM. Recovery of borderline oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (BORSP) from bone and soft tissue of a rheumatoid arthritis patient with severe osteoporosis: transmission from the family dog. J Chemother 2021; 33:348-353. [PMID: 33517870 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2021.1879581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of borderline oxacillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (BORSP) in a rheumatoid arthritis patient with severe osteoporosis. The organism is also resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin. We also present clear evidence on transmission from the family dog.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen Sanche
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - David J Sauder
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Harry Deneer
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Rani Kanthan
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Joseph E Rubin
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Beverly J Morrison
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Joseph M Blondeau
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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5
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Blondeau LD, Rubin JE, Deneer H, Kanthan R, Sanche S, Beshard N, Mpofu C, Blondeau JM. Bacteremia with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in a 4 month old pediatric oncology patient. J Chemother 2020; 32:260-262. [PMID: 32538712 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2020.1773627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius colonizes and is a pathogen of dogs and is being increasingly recognized from specimens from humans with various infections. We describe a case of S. pseudintermedius bacteremia in a 4 month old pediatric oncology patient with clear evidence of transmission from the family pet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph E Rubin
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Harry Deneer
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Rani Kanthan
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Stephen Sanche
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital and Saskatchewan Health Authority.,Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Nicole Beshard
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Chris Mpofu
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Joseph M Blondeau
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital and Saskatchewan Health Authority.,Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Ophthalmology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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6
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Blondeau LD, Rubin JE, Deneer H, Kanthan R, Morrison B, Sanche S, Rypien C, Dueck D, Beck G, Blondeau JM. Persistent infection with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in an adult oncology patient with transmission from a family dog. J Chemother 2020; 32:151-155. [PMID: 32124685 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2020.1735142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a well known commensal organism of dogs but also a canine opportunistic pathogen. Reports of this organism being recovered from specimens from humans might suggest an increase prevalence in human infections and/or improved diagnostic leading to more accurate identification. Here we report a case of persistent S. pseudintermedius infection in an adult female oncology patient including colonization of the tip of an indwelling catheter. Diligence by laboratories in correctly isolating and identifying this pathogen (including susceptibility testing) is essential for optimal patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Blondeau
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - J E Rubin
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - H Deneer
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - R Kanthan
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - B Morrison
- Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - S Sanche
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - C Rypien
- Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - D Dueck
- Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - G Beck
- Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - J M Blondeau
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Ophthalmology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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7
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Blondeau LD, Rubin JE, Deneer H, Kanthan R, Sanche S, Hamula C, Blondeau JM. Forensic, investigative and diagnostic microbiology: similar technologies but different priorities. Future Microbiol 2019; 14:553-558. [PMID: 31148476 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph E Rubin
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Harry Deneer
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Rani Kanthan
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Stephen Sanche
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital & Saskatchewan Health Authority, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Camille Hamula
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital & Saskatchewan Health Authority, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Joseph M Blondeau
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital & Saskatchewan Health Authority, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
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8
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Blondeau JM, Blondeau LD, Hesje C, Borsos S. Application of two methods to determine killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae by various fluoroquinolones. J Chemother 2006; 18:366-72. [PMID: 17024791 DOI: 10.1179/joc.2006.18.4.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing measures the lowest drug concentration that prevents microbial growth using an inoculum of 10(5) colony forming units/ml (cfu/ml) whereas the mutant prevention concentration (MPC) (inoculum approximately 10(10) cells) defines the antimicrobial drug concentration threshold that would require an organism to possess two simultaneous mutations for continued growth in the presence of the drug. The rates at which multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae [MDRSP] were killed by the respiratory fluoroquinolones, gatifloxacin, gemfloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, were compared based on the MIC and MPC drug concentrations and at inocula ranging from 10(6)-10(9) cfu/ml. The MIC drug concentration failed to eradicate all viable cells whereas the MPC drug concentration resulted in 99.9% to 100% cellular reduction following 12-24 hours of drug exposure. MPC values against S. pneumoniae were different for each fluoroquinolone. The MPC drug concentration prevents the selection of multidrug-resistant or fluoroquinolone-resistant S. pneumoniae. The value of dosing of antimicrobial agents based on MPC thresholds results in a rapid reduction in viable cells--even at higher inocula which are more reflective of organism burden in pneumonia. The rapid reduction in viable cells observed at MPC drug concentrations may not only have an impact on preventing the selection of resistant mutants but may also help explain the rapid symptom resolution seen with new fluoroquinolones since these agents lead to little or low release of cell contents which are known to drive the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Blondeau
- Department of Microbiology, Royal University Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W8.
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