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Ben S, Fan LL, Cheng YF, Cheng G, Li SW, Wang ML. [Mechanism of piRNA in bisphenol A-promoted invasion and migration of prostate cancer cells]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 57:1440-1446. [PMID: 37743306 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20220930-00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) in bisphenol A (BPA)-induced prostate cancer cell invasion and migration. Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data was used to analyze and screen for piRNAs with significantly increased expression in prostate cancer tissues. PC-3 cells were treated with different concentrations of BPA for 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively, and the 20% inhibitory concentration (IC20) was measured using a CCK-8 assay. The expression levels of piRNAs before and after BPA treatment were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Target genes regulated by BPA and associated with prostate cancer were screened in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to verify the relationship between piRNA and target genes, and the expression change of the piRNA target gene was detected by Western blotting. Cell migration and invasion assays were used to determine the effects of piRNA on the malignant phenotype of prostate cancer cells. Results: After treatment of PC-3 cells with 160 μmol/L BPA, the expression of piR-sno48 was most significantly increased (P<0.05). Transfection of piR-sno48 antagomir resulted in decreased expression of endogenous piR-sno48 and a significant increase in the expression of its target gene GSTP1 (P<0.05). However, the expression of GSTP1 did not change significantly in BPA-treated PC-3 cells after transfection with piR-sno48 antagomir (P>0.05). The dual-luciferase reporter gene confirmed that piR-sno48 inhibited the expression of GSTP1 by forming an inversely complementary sequence with the 3'-UTR of GSTP1. The Transwell assay results showed that treatment with BPA significantly increased the invasion and migration ability of prostate cancer cells (P<0.01), whereas piR-sno48 antagonists significantly inhibited the effects above (P<0.01). Conclusion: BPA promotes the invasion and migration of prostate cancer cells by upregulating the expression of piR-sno48 and suppressing the expression of GSTP1. Interfering with the expression of endogenous piR-sno48 may inhibit the malignant phenotype of prostate cancer cells caused by BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ben
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,China
| | - L L Fan
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,China
| | - Y F Cheng
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,China
| | - G Cheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - S W Li
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,China
| | - M L Wang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,China
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Ding X, Fan LL, Zhang SX, Ma XX, Meng PF, Li LP, Huang MY, Guo JL, Zhong PZ, Xu LR. Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treatment of COVID-19 and Viral Disease: Efficacies and Clinical Evidence. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:8353-8363. [PMID: 36465269 PMCID: PMC9718497 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s386375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains an uncontained, worldwide pandemic. While battling the disease in China, the Chinese government has actively promoted the use of traditional Chinese medicine, and many studies have been conducted to determine the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine for treating COVID-19. The present review discusses the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine in curing COVID-19 and provides clinical evidence from all confirmed cases in China. Applications of traditional Chinese medicine and specific recipes for treating other viral infections, such as those caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and influenza A viruses (including H1N1), are also discussed. Studies have reported that traditional Chinese medicine treatment plays a significant role in improving clinical symptoms. Therefore, further investigation may be of high translational value in revealing novel targeted therapies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ding
- Department of Medical, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei-Lei Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular, Yellow River Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Xi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shangqiu Municipal Hospital, Shangqiu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Xia Ma
- Department of AIDS Clinical Research Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Meng
- Department of AIDS Clinical Research Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang-Ping Li
- Department of the First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yan Huang
- Department of the First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Le Guo
- Department of the First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng-Zhan Zhong
- Department of the First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Ran Xu
- Department of the First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Xin P, Jiang GH, Zheng WL, Fan LL, Li CK, Wang DZ. [Study of influence of birth weight on risk of chronic diseases and blood uric acid in adulthood]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2021; 42:1213-1217. [PMID: 34814533 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200831-01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To understand the influence of birth weight on the risk of chronic diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes, and the relationship between birth weight and serum uric acid in adulthood. Methods: According to the Chinese Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance Program, a total of 1 131 residents aged 18 years and above were enrolled from Hexi, Nankai, Hongqiao, Wuqing, Jinnan, Baodi and Jizhou districts of Tianjin. The data of birth weight and blood pressure of the residents were collected, and fasting venous blood samples were collected from them to detect uric acid, blood glucose and blood lipids levels. The distribution of birth weight of the surveyed population was described, and the relationship between birth weight and chronic diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes, and the blood uric acid level in adulthood were analyzed. Results: The average birth weight of the surveyed population in Tianjin was 3.37 kg, which was higher in males than in females. No matter overweight/obesity, hypertension or diabetes, the prevalence rate of normal birth weight was the lowest in adulthood. After univariate logistic regression analysis and adjusting for age, sex, smoking and drinking status, it was found that compared with normal birth weight, low birth weight had a stronger correlation with diabetes (OR=2.91,95%CI:1.46-5.76) and dyslipidemia (OR=1.79,95%CI:1.01-3.19) in adulthood. Macrosomia was strongly associated with overweight/obesity in adulthood (OR=1.47, 95%CI:1.08-2.01). There was no significant difference in serum uric acid level among the residents with different birth weights. Conclusions: The low birth weight of the surveyed population in Tianjin was closely related to the risk of diabetes and dyslipidemia in adulthood, and the macrosomia was closely related to the risk of overweight/obesity in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Xin
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - G H Jiang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - W L Zheng
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - L L Fan
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - C K Li
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - D Z Wang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
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Li HY, Yang HG, Wu HM, Yao QQ, Zhang ZY, Meng QS, Fan LL, Wang JQ, Zheng N. Inhibitory effects of lactoferrin on pulmonary inflammatory processes induced by lipopolysaccharide by modulating the TLR4-related pathway. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7383-7392. [PMID: 33838887 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the ability of lactoferrin to modulate pulmonary inflammation. To construct in vitro and in vivo inflammatory lung models, cells from the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 µg/mL), and mice (CD-1) were intratracheally administered LPS [10 mg/kg of body weight (BW), tracheal lumen injection], respectively. The A549 cells were preincubated with lactoferrin (10 mg/mL), and the mice were intraperitoneally injected with lactoferrin (100 mg/kg of BW), followed by LPS treatment. The concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) in culture medium of A549 cells and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the mice were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The toll-like receptor 4-related pathway (TLR4/MyD88/IRAK1/TRAF6/NFκB) was determined at gene and protein expression levels in A549 cells and mouse lung tissue. Results showed that LPS treatment significantly elevated the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α in the A549 cell culture medium and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the mice; it also elevated both the mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4 and the TLR4 downstream factors in A549 cells and mouse lung tissue. Nevertheless, lactoferrin apparently depressed the releases of IL-1β and TNF-α from A549 cells and lung tissues stimulated by LPS, and significantly suppressed the TLR4 signaling pathway. Lactoferrin also promoted the enhancement of miR-146a expression in A549 cells and mouse lung tissue. Moreover, 100°C heating for 3 min caused total loss of the previously listed bioactivity of lactoferrin. Collectively, we proved that lactoferrin intervened in LPS-induced inflammation in the pulmonary cell model and in the mouse model, through inhibiting the TLR4-related pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Li
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - H G Yang
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, P. R. China
| | - H M Wu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Q Q Yao
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Z Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Q S Meng
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - L L Fan
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - J Q Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
| | - N Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
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Xin P, Jiang GH, Zheng WL, Fan LL, Li CK, Wang DZ. [Study on the diet balance index and its relationship with blood uric acid of smoking adults in Tianjin]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2021; 42:1076-1079. [PMID: 34814510 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200806-01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Diet balance index (DBI_16) was used to evaluate the dietary status of smoking adults in Tianjin, and the relationship between DBI_16 and serum uric acid was analyzed. Methods: A total of 1 478 inhabitants aged 18 and above were enrolled. The dietary status was obtained with a 3-day dietary recall and condiment weighing method. And their fasting venous blood was collected to detect uric acid. Food intake and DBI_16 scores of smokers and non-smokers were described, and the relationship among smoking, diet quality distance (DQD-DBI), and serum uric acid was analyzed. Results: The intake of vegetables, fruits, and milk of smokers in Tianjin was lower than while the salt, oil, cereals, and aquatic products were higher than that of non-smokers. The DBI_16 scores of vegetables and fruits, food types, milk, and beans of smokers were lower than those of non-smokers in Tianjin, and the scores of pure energy foods and condiments were higher than those of the non-smokers. The DQD-DBI, high bound score and low bound score of smokers in Tianjin were 42.0, 14.0, and 29.0 respectively, which were all higher than those of non-smokers. The main problems appeared as moderately inadequate intake (accounting for 67.0%), low, excessive intake (accounting for 70.9%), and moderate imbalance of intake (accounting for 67.2%). The serum uric acid of smokers was higher than in the non-smokers, and there the same result appeared under the conditions of "not suitable" in DQD-DBI. Conclusions: In Tianjin, the dietary imbalance was more evident in smokers than the non-smokers, and the serum uric acid was significantly higher than the non-smokers. Strategies as strengthening the nutrition education and intervention targeted for smokers were in urgent need.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Xin
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - G H Jiang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - W L Zheng
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - L L Fan
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - C K Li
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - D Z Wang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
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Pan SJ, Hu XM, Hou Y, Ruan SP, Wang J, Fan LL, Zang YZ. [Study on the relationship between preoperative evaluation, operation and prognosis of microvascular decompression for the treatment of hemifacial spasm]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 99:1328-1331. [PMID: 31091581 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2019.17.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relationship between preoperative evaluation, surgery and prognosis of microvascular decompression (MVD) for the treatment of hemifacial spasm (HFS). Methods: The clinical data of 128 HFS patients treated with MVD in the department of neurosurgery of Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province were retrospectively analyzed. According to the SMC grading system, the patients were divided into general spasm group and severe spasm group, and the clinical characteristics, offending vessel, prognosis and surgical complications of the two groups were compared. Results: In the general spasm group,the age at MVD was (48.6±10.6) years, the disease duration was (4.2±3.3) years;while in the severe spasm group,the age at MVD was (51.8±9.9) years, the disease duration was (8.1±4.5) years;the differences of age and disease duration between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05).In the general spasm group, there were 41 cases in which the offending vessel were AICA, 21 cases were PICA, 1 case was VA, 63 cases were single offending vessel, and 7 cases were multiple offending vessels. In the severe spasm group, there were 29 cases in which the offending vessel were AICA, 13 cases were PICA, 2 cases were VA, the total of 44 cases were single offending vessel and 14 cases were multiple offending vessels.There was a significant difference in the proportion of multiple offending vessels in the two groups, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Patients in the two groups were followed up for 12 to 32 months after surgery, and the difference in effective rate and recurrence rate was not statistically significant (P>0.05).Some kinds of postoperative complications were different between the two groups, the incidence of postoperative delayed facial paralysis was statistically significant (P<0.05), and the other complications were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Compared with the general spasm group, the patients in the severe spasm group were older, with longer disease duration, higher probability of multiple offending vessels and higher incidence of postoperative delayed facial paralysis. Therefore, preoperative SMC grading is helpful for the evaluation and prediction of intraoperative and postoperative conditions, which is worthy of wide clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai 317000, China
| | - X M Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai 317000, China
| | - Y Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai 317000, China
| | - S P Ruan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai 317000, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai 317000, China
| | - L L Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai 317000, China
| | - Y Z Zang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
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Sun FL, Fan LL, Wang YS, Huang LY. Metagenomic analysis of the inhibitory effect of chromium on microbial communities and removal efficiency in A 2O sludge. J Hazard Mater 2019; 368:523-529. [PMID: 30710781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study exploring the effects of persistent Cr(VI) treatment on microbial communities and function as well as the process efficiency of an A2O system. The inhibitory effect was clearly higher at a high Cr(VI) concentration than a low Cr(VI) concentration, and different Cr(VI) concentrations had distinct effects on the microbial communities as well as on the performance efficiency of the system. Functional annotation analysis indicated that Cr(VI) stress inhibited most of the metabolic pathway and functional genes of the microbial communities, especially those involved in the denitrification pathway. Network analysis was used to investigate the co-occurrence patterns between denitrification genes and microbial taxa; the results indicated that microorganisms with functional genes had high diversity and were adversely affected by Cr(VI) exposure. This study is the first to establish a relationship between Cr(VI) stress and microbial communities and function as well as to determine the underlying mechanisms and roles of Cr(VI) in A2O sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Lin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Lei-Lei Fan
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563002, China
| | - You-Shao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Li-Yan Huang
- Hebei Zhengrun Environmental Technology Co. Ltd, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
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Fan LL, Chen X, Zou ZL, Wang DP, Zhang AH. [Effects of sodium arsenite exposure on activation and extracellular matrix secretion of human hepatic stellate cells]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018; 52:983-987. [PMID: 30392314 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effects of sodium arsenite (NaAsO(2)) exposure on the activation and extracellular matrix secretion of human hepatic stellate cells, and to provide a theoretical basis for the mechanism study of arsenic induced hepatic fibrosis. Methods: Different doses of NaAsO(2) (0.0, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 50.0, 100.0 μmol/L) were exposed to human hepatic stellate cell line (Lx-2) for 24, 48 and 72 huors. CCK-8 assay was used to measure cell viability and IC(50) of NaAsO(2) on Lx-2 was then calculated; According to IC(50) results, 0.000, 1.875, 3.750, 7.500, and 15.000 μmol/L of NaAsO(2) were exposed to Lx-2 cells for 24 hours, besides, 7.500 μmol/L of NaAsO(2) was exposed to Lx-2 cells for 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, then collected cells and culture supernatant; HSC activation-related protein, including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression levels were detected by Western blot analysis, the main extracellular matrix including laminin (LN) , hyaluronic acid (HA), collagen Ⅳ (COL-Ⅳ) and procollagen Ⅲ(P Ⅲ NP) secretion level was detected by Elisa assay. Results: CCK-8 assay showed that the cell viability of Lx-2 cells were increased obviously at low doses (≤1.0 μmol/L) of arsenic exposure, especially at 48 and 72 h. In contrast, with the increasing doses of arsenic exposure, the survival rate of Lx-2 cell was decreased gradually, and the survival rate of the high-dose (50, 100 μmol/L) arsenic exposure group at 24, 48 and 72 h were significantly lower than 0.0 μmol/L group, P<0.05. The IC(50) of NaAsO(2) on Lx-2 cells at 24, 48, 72 h were calculated as 72.75, 48.19 and 29.95 μmol/L, respectively; The expression levels of HSC activation-related protein showed that, after treated with 1.875, 3.750, 7.500, 15.000 μmol/L NaAsO(2) for 24 h, α-SMA and TGF-β1 protein level were higher than 0.000 μmol/L group. The increased expression of α-SMA and TGF-β1 protein were most significant in 7.500 μmol/L NaAsO(2) group (P<0.05). In addition, the expression levels of α-SMA and TGF-β1 also showed a time-dependent increasing in Lx-2 cells after treated with 7.500 μmol/L NaAsO(2) for 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h; Elisa assay showed that after treated with 1.875, 3.750, 7.500, 15.000 μmol/L NaAsO(2) for 24 h, the secretion levels of HA, LN, COL-Ⅳ and PⅢNP were obvious higher than 0.000 μmol/L group (P<0.05). Moreover, the secretion levels of HA, LN, COL-Ⅳ and P Ⅲ NP also showed a time-dependent increased manner in Lx-2 cells after exposed to 7.500 μmol/L NaAsO(2) for 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h (P<0.05). Conclusion: NaAsO(2) exposure to Lx-2 cells can upregulate the expression level of HSC activation-related proteins, induce its further activation, then increase ECM secretion level.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Fan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Yin H, Liao CG, Wang YQ, Li Z, Fan LL, Qian ML, Lu N. [The expression of programmed death receptor 1 in non-small cell lung cancer and its clinicopathological features and prognosis showed a connection with epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2017. [PMID: 28635230 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relationships between the expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The study also attempted to investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis in NSCLC patients. Methods: The expression of PD-1 protein in 88 cases of NSCLC tumor tissues and adjacent tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The mutations of EGFR in NSCLC were detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Amplification Refractory Mutation System(PCR-ARMS) method. The expression of PD-1 and patients' clinical characteristics and prognosis were analyzed. Results: PD-1 was positive in 63.6%(56/88) NSCLC tumor tissues, which was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (21.6%, 19/88) (P<0.05). EGFR gene mutations were found in 43 cases (48.9%), in which 30 cases (69.8%)were PD-1 positive expression. 45 cases had the wild types of EGFR gene, in which 26 cases (57.8%) were PD-1 positive. There were 24 cases of 19Del EGFR mutations, including 20 cases (83.3%) of PD-1 positive expression. 19 patients had 21L858 EGFR mutations, including 10 cases (52.6%) of PD-1 positive expression. The expression of PD-1 in NSCLC was related to patients' smoking status, lymph node metastasis and EGFR gene mutations (P<0.05). The median progression-free survival time of patients with PD-1 positive and negative expression was 7.03 and 18.66 months, respectively (P=0.007). In patients with wild-type EGFR gene, the median progression-free survival time of PD-1 positive and negative expression was 25.21 and 38.24 months, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P=0.024). The median progression-free survival time in 43 cases of EGFR mutant patients with PD-1 positive and negative expression was 21.23 and 31.44 months. The difference was not statistically significant (P=0.128). Conclusions: PD-1 expresses in both EGFR mutant and wild-type NSCLC, and its expression levelis different with various EGFR mutations. The expression of PD-1 in NSCLC is related to the prognosis of patients, and the prognosis of patients with positive PD-1 expression was poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yin
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - C G Liao
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Y Q Wang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - L L Fan
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - M L Qian
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - N Lu
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi 830000, China
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Sun FL, Fan LL, Xie GJ. Effect of copper on the performance and bacterial communities of activated sludge using Illumina MiSeq platforms. Chemosphere 2016; 156:212-219. [PMID: 27179238 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (A2O) process is a highly efficient sewage treatment method, which uses complex bacterial communities. However, the effect of copper on this process and the bacterial communities involved remains unknown. In this study, a systematic investigation of the effect of persistent exposure of copper in the A2O wastewater treatment system was performed. An A2O device was designed to examine the effect of copper on the removal efficiency and microbial community compositions of activated sludge that was continuously treated with 10, 20, and 40 mg L(-1) copper, respectively. Surprisingly, a decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4N) removal efficiency was observed, and the toxicity of high copper concentration was significantly greater at 7d than at 1d. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Chlorobi, and Nitrospirae were the dominant bacterial taxa in the A2O system, and significant changes in microbial community were observed during the exposure period. Most of the dominant bacterial groups were easily susceptible to copper toxicity and diversely changed at different copper concentrations. However, not all the bacterial taxa were inhibited by copper treatment. At high copper concentration, many bacterial species were stimulated and their abundance increased. Cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on operational taxonomic units (OTUs) revealed clear differences in the bacterial communities among the samples. These findings indicated that copper severely affected the performance and key microbial populations in the A2O system as well as disturbed the stability of the bacterial communities in the system, thus decreasing the removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Lin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518121, China.
| | - Lei-Lei Fan
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563002, China
| | - Guang-Jian Xie
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Guangdong Industry Technical College, Guangzhou 510301, China
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11
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Fan LL, Xue XZ, Jiao N. In vitro effect of IL-17D on human ovarian carcinoma cells and inherent immunity. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2016; 30:815-820. [PMID: 27655504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the expression of interleukin 17D (IL-17D) secreted by human ovariancarcinoma cells and the effect of exogenous IL-17D transfection on MICA, which is the ligand of NKG2D, on the surface of ovary carcinoma cells. Human ovarian papillary serous adenocarcinoma cell line SKOV3, empty vector control cell line SKOV3/vector, exogenous human IL-17D stable-transfected cell line SKOV3/IL-17D, as well as cisplatin (CDDP)-resistant cell SKOV/CDDP were cultured; ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line OVCAR-3, empty vector control cell line OVCAR3/vector and OVCAE3/IL- 17D were observed under a microscope. In the study, methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium (MTT) method was used to detect the inhibition rate, resistance index and proliferation of SKOV3 and SKOV3/CDDP. It was found that the expression of IL-17 D in SKOV3/CDDP was much higher than that of its parent cell line SKOV3; IL-17D might be correlated to the drug resistance of cells; the proliferation of SKOV3 transfected with IL-17D was significantly accelerated, indicating IL-17D may be effective in promoting the growth of oncocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hena University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - X Z Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hena University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - N Jiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hena University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
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12
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Fan LL, Chen S, Liao GM, Chen YL, Ren H, Zou CW. Comprehensive studies of interfacial strain and oxygen vacancy on metal-insulator transition of VO2 film. J Phys Condens Matter 2016; 28:255002. [PMID: 27168422 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/25/255002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As a typical strong correlation material, vanadium dioxide (VO2) has attracted wide interest due to its particular metal-insulator transition (MIT) property. However, the relatively high critical temperature (T c) of ~68 °C seriously hinders its practical applications. Thus modulating the phase transition process and decreasing the T c close to room temperature have been hot topics for VO2 study. In the current work, we conducted a multi-approach strategy to control the phase transition of VO2 films, including the interfacial tensile/compressive strain and oxygen vacancies. A synchrotron radiation reciprocal space mapping technique was used to directly record the interfacial strain evolution and variations of lattice parameters. The effects of interfacial strain and oxygen vacancies in the MIT process were systematically investigated based on band structure and d-orbital electron occupation. It was suggested that the MIT behavior can be modulated through the combined effects of the interfacial strain and oxygen vacancies, achieving the distinct phase transition close to room temperature. The current findings not only provide better understanding for strain engineering and oxygen vacancies controlling phase transition behavior, but also supply a combined way to control the phase transition of VO2 film, which is essential for VO2 film based device applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Fan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, People's Republic of China
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13
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Chen FH, Fan LL, Chen S, Liao GM, Chen YL, Wu P, Song L, Zou CW, Wu ZY. Control of the metal-insulator transition in VO₂ epitaxial film by modifying carrier density. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:6875-6881. [PMID: 25751594 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
External controlling the phase transition behavior of vanadium dioxide is important to realize its practical applications as energy-efficient electronic devices. Because of its relatively high phase transition temperature of 68 °C, the central challenge for VO2-based electronics, lies in finding an energy efficient way, to modulate the phase transition in a reversible and reproducible manner. In this work, we report an experimental realization of p-n heterojunctions by growing VO2 film on p-type GaN substrate. By adding the bias voltage on the p-n junction, the metal-insulator transition behavior of VO2 film can be changed continuously. It is demonstrated that the phase transition of VO2 film is closely associated with the carrier distribution within the space charge region, which can be directly controlled by the bias voltage. Our findings offer novel opportunities for modulating the phase transition of VO2 film in a reversible way as well as extending the concept of electric-field modulation on other phase transition materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Chen
- †National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China
| | - L L Fan
- †National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China
| | - S Chen
- †National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China
| | - G M Liao
- †National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China
| | - Y L Chen
- †National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China
| | - P Wu
- †National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China
| | - Li Song
- †National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China
| | - C W Zou
- †National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China
| | - Z Y Wu
- †National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China
- ‡Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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14
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Fan LL, Chen S, Luo ZL, Liu QH, Wu YF, Song L, Ji DX, Wang P, Chu WS, Gao C, Zou CW, Wu ZY. Strain dynamics of ultrathin VO₂ film grown on TiO₂ (001) and the associated phase transition modulation. Nano Lett 2014; 14:4036-4043. [PMID: 24956434 DOI: 10.1021/nl501480f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the metal insulator transition (MIT) behavior of VO2 film through the interfacial strain is effective for practical applications. However, the mechanism for strain-modulated MIT is still under debate. Here we directly record the strain dynamics of ultrathin VO2 film on TiO2 substrate and reveal the intrinsic modulation process by means of synchrotron radiation and first-principles calculations. It is observed that the MIT process of the obtained VO2 films can be modulated continuously via the interfacial strain. The relationship between the phase transition temperature and the strain evolution is established from the initial film growth. From the interfacial strain dynamics and theoretical calculations, we claim that the electronic orbital occupancy is strongly affected by the interfacial strain, which changes also the electron-electron correlation and controls the phase transition temperature. These findings open the possibility of an active tuning of phase transition for the thin VO2 film through the interfacial lattice engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Fan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029 People's Republic of China
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15
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Fan LL, Zhang QJ, Liu J, Feng J, Gui ZH, Ali U, Zhang L, Hou C, Wang T, Hui YP, Sun YN, Wu ZH. In vivo effect of 5-HT₇ receptor agonist on pyramidal neurons in medial frontal cortex of normal and 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats: an electrophysiological study. Neuroscience 2011; 190:328-38. [PMID: 21684321 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-7 receptor began to be cloned and pharmacologically characterized close to 20 years ago. It couples positively via G-proteins to adenylyl cyclase and activation of this receptor increases neuronal excitability, and several studies have shown that degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway leads to an impairment of 5-HT system. Here we reported that systemic and local administration of 5-HT₇ receptor agonist AS 19 produced excitation, inhibition and no change in the firing rate of pyramidal neurons in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of normal and 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. In normal rats, the mean response of the pyramidal neurons to AS 19 by systemic and local administration in mPFC was excitatory. The inhibitory effect by systemic administration of AS 19 was reversed by GABA(A) receptor antagonist picrotoxinin. Systemic administration of picrotoxinin excited all the neurons examined in normal rats, and after treatment with picrotoxinin, the local administration of AS 19 further increased the firing rate of the neurons. In the lesioned rats, systemic administration of AS 19, at the same doses, also increased the mean firing rate of the pyramidal neurons. However, cumulative dose producing excitation in the lesioned rats was higher than that of normal rats. Systemic administration of AS 19 produced inhibitory effect in the lesioned rats, which was partially reversed by picrotoxinin. The local administration of AS 19, at the same dose, did not change the firing rate of the neurons in the lesioned rats. Systemic administration of picrotoxinin and the local administration of AS 19 did not affect the firing rate of the neurons in the lesioned rats. These results indicate that activity of mPFC pyramidal neurons is regulated through activation of 5-HT₇ receptor by direct or indirect action, and degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway leads to decreased response of these neurons to AS 19, suggesting dysfunction and/or down-regulation of 5-HT₇ receptor on the pyramidal neurons and GABA interneurons in the lesioned rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Fan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
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16
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Gui ZH, Zhang QJ, Liu J, Zhang L, Ali U, Hou C, Fan LL, Sun YN, Wu ZH, Hui YP. Unilateral lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway decreases the response of fast-spiking interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex to 5-HT1A receptor agonist and expression of the receptor in parvalbumin-positive neurons in the rat. Neurochem Int 2011; 59:618-27. [PMID: 21693147 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
5-Hydroxytryptamine(1A) (5-HT(1A)) receptors are expressed in the prefrontal cortical interneurons. Among these interneurons, calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV)-positive fast spiking (FS) interneurons play an important role in regulatory function of the prefrontal cortex. In the present study, the response of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) FS interneurons to the selective 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT and change in expression of 5-HT(1A) receptor on PV-positive neurons were examined in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) by using extracellular recording and double-labeling immunofluorescence histochemistry. Systemic administration of 8-OH-DPAT (1-243 μg/kg, i.v.) dose-dependently inhibited the mean firing rate of the FS interneurons in sham-operated and the lesioned rats, respectively. The cumulative doses producing inhibition in the lesioned rats (243 μg/kg) was significantly higher than that of sham-operated rats (27 μg/kg). Furthermore, the local application of 8-OH-DPAT (0.01 μg) in the mPFC inhibited the FS interneurons in sham-operated rats, while having no effect on firing rate of the FS interneurons in the lesioned rats. In contrast to sham-operated rats, the lesion of the SNc in rats did not cause the change of PV-positive neurons in the prelimbic prefrontal cortex, a subregion of the mPFC, whereas the lesion of the SNc markedly reduced in percentage of PV-positive neurons expressing 5-HT(1A) receptors. Our results indicate that degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway results in the decreased response of FS interneurons in the mPFC to 5-HT(1A) receptor stimulation, which attributes to down-regulation of 5-HT(1A) receptor expression in these interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Gui
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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Doan ML, Elidemir O, Dishop MK, Zhang H, Smith EO, Black PG, Deterding RR, Roberts DM, Al-Salmi QA, Fan LL. Serum KL-6 differentiates neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy from the inborn errors of surfactant metabolism. Thorax 2009; 64:677-81. [PMID: 19237389 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2008.107979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study was conducted in order to determine if the glycoprotein KL-6 is a useful biomarker in differentiating neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI), a benign form of children's interstitial lung disease, from the more severe inborn errors of surfactant metabolism (IESM), since their clinical presentation can be similar. METHODS Serum KL-6 levels were measured in 10 healthy control children, 6 with NEHI and 13 with IESM (4 with surfactant protein C (SP-C) and 9 with ABCA3 mutations). The initial clinical presentation, findings on previous CT scans and interstitial lung disease (ILD) scores at the time of KL-6 testing were compared. Correlations of KL-6 levels with age and with interval from lung biopsy were evaluated. RESULTS The median (range) KL-6 levels were 265 (1-409), 194 (47-352), 1149 (593-4407) and 3068 (726-9912) U/ml for the control, NEHI, SP-C and ABCA3 groups, respectively. When compared with the control and NEHI groups, median KL-6 levels were significantly higher in the SP-C (p<0.01; p = 0.01, respectively) and ABCA3 groups (p<0.001; p = 0.001, respectively); however, there was no difference between the control and NEHI groups (p = 0.91). An inverse relationship was seen between KL-6 levels and age in the IESM groups, but not in the NEHI or control groups. Children with NEHI had similar presenting clinical features and were equally symptomatic at the time of KL-6 measurement as those with IESM. CONCLUSIONS Children with NEHI have normal KL-6 levels, in contrast to those with IESM, who have elevated serum KL-6 levels; serum KL-6 may be a useful biomarker in distinguishing between these entities when their clinical presentations overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Doan
- Pediatric Pulmonary Section, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine,Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Doan ML, Guillerman RP, Dishop MK, Nogee LM, Langston C, Mallory GB, Sockrider MM, Fan LL. Clinical, radiological and pathological features of ABCA3 mutations in children. Thorax 2007; 63:366-73. [PMID: 18024538 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2007.083766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the ABCA3 gene can result in fatal surfactant deficiency in term newborn infants and chronic interstitial lung disease in older children. Previous studies on ABCA3 mutations have focused primarily on the genetic abnormalities and reported limited clinical information about the resultant disease. A study was undertaken to analyse systematically the clinical presentation, pulmonary function, diagnostic imaging, pathological features and outcomes of children with ABCA3 mutations. METHODS The records of nine children with ABCA3 mutations evaluated at Texas Children's Hospital between 1992 and 2005 were reviewed and their current clinical status updated. Previous diagnostic imaging studies and lung biopsy specimens were re-examined. The results of DNA analyses were confirmed. RESULTS Age at symptom onset ranged from birth to 4 years. Cough, crackles, failure to thrive and clubbing were frequent findings. Mean lung function was low but tended to remain static. CT scans commonly revealed ground-glass opacification, septal thickening, parenchymal cysts and pectus excavatum. Histopathological patterns included pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, desquamative interstitial pneumonitis and non-specific interstitial pneumonitis, and varied with age. Dense abnormalities of lamellar bodies, characteristic of ABCA3 mutations, were seen by electron microscopy in all adequate specimens. Outcomes varied with the age at which the severity of lung disease warranted open lung biopsy, and some patients have had prolonged survival without lung transplantation. CONCLUSIONS The presentation and course of interstitial lung disease due to ABCA3 mutations are variable, and open lung biopsy and genetic testing are warranted early in the evaluation of children with a consistent clinical picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Doan
- Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin, CC1040.00, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Ge YB, Du J, Fan LL, Li YC, Gu L. Chronic ethanol feeding alters the epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis in rat gastric mucosa. Histol Histopathol 2006; 22:185-90. [PMID: 17149691 DOI: 10.14670/hh-22.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We developed a chronic drinking rat model to investigate the long-term effects of ethanol feeding on cell proliferation and apoptosis in rat stomach. Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats received either an isocaloric control or drinking water containing 6% (v/v) ethanol as their only water intake for 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. At the end of each feeding period, animals were sacrificed and the stomach was dissected for the sample preparation. The cell proliferation and apoptosis in gastric mucosa of rats in different groups were analyzed by flow cytometer, immunohistochemistry and computer image analysis. In the flow cytometric study, compared with the control, the cell apoptosis in gastric mucosa of the rats was enhanced during the exposure to the ethanol in 3rd to 28th day. Otherwise the cell proliferation was increased in 3rd to 14th days, and decreased in 28th days, respectively. The results were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and computer image analysis studied. This finding suggested that short-term chronic adequate alcohol intake may enhance the cell turnover of gastric mucosa. Long-term stimulus with the low concentration ethanol may cause the impairment of the cell turnover function of the gastric mucosa and may be one of the mechanisms underlying the gastric pathology associated with alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Ge
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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20
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Abstract
New information contributing to our understanding of risk factors predisposing to bronchiolitis obliterans in children
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Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The diagnosis of alveolar hemorrhage is assisted by the presence of hemosiderin-laden macrophages (HLMs) in the BAL fluid or lung tissue. Despite the importance of this diagnostic method in clinical settings, limited information is available on the formation and clearance of HLMs as a function of time. The objectives of this study are to determine the time course of HLMs within the BAL and lung tissue, and to evaluate the effect of a single blood aspiration on the recruitment of inflammatory cells within the BAL. DESIGN Under light anesthesia, Balb/c mice received a single intranasal instillation of species-specific blood (50 microL). Control animals received heparinized sterile saline solution in a similar manner. At several time points after blood aspiration, BAL was recovered for cell differentials and determination of HLMs. The time course for HLMs was also established in the lung tissue. RESULTS Hemosiderin staining within alveolar macrophages was first detected in the BAL and lung tissue at day 3, peaked at day 7, and persisted through 2 months. The analysis of the BAL revealed an increased number of total cells, with an acute inflammatory reaction that resolved within 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the validity of this model for the study of HLM production after blood aspiration. Additional work using animal models of lung hemorrhage is needed to further characterize the cellular events leading to clearance of erythrocytes within the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Epstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-2399, USA
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22
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Wu XW, Fan LL. [Thinking and strategy on treatment of optical fundus hemorrhagic diseases]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2001; 21:624-6. [PMID: 12575581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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Deterding RR, Fan LL, Morton R, Hay TC, Langston C. Persistent tachypnea of infancy (PTI)--a new entity. Pediatr Pulmonol 2001; Suppl 23:72-3. [PMID: 11886155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
MESH Headings
- Humans
- Hyperplasia/pathology
- Hyperplasia/physiopathology
- Hyperplasia/therapy
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/pathology
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/physiopathology
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/therapy
- Lung/pathology
- Lung/physiopathology
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial/pathology
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial/physiopathology
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial/therapy
- Neurosecretory Systems/pathology
- Neurosecretory Systems/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Deterding
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Health Science Center, The Children's Hospital, Denver 80218, USA
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Langston C, Fan LL. Diffuse interstitial lung disease in infants. Pediatr Pulmonol 2001; Suppl 23:74-6. [PMID: 11886156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Langston
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, USA
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Langston C, Fan LL. The spectrum of interstitial lung disease in childhood. Pediatr Pulmonol 2001; Suppl 23:70-1. [PMID: 11886154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Langston
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, USA
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Janahi IA, Elidemir O, Shardonofsky FR, Abu-Hassan MN, Fan LL, Larsen GL, Blackburn MR, Colasurdo GN. Recurrent milk aspiration produces changes in airway mechanics, lung eosinophilia, and goblet cell hyperplasia in a murine model. Pediatr Res 2000; 48:776-81. [PMID: 11102546 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-200012000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent aspiration of milk into the respiratory tract has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory lung disorders including asthma. However, the lack of animal models of aspiration-induced lung injury has limited our knowledge of the pathophysiological characteristics of this disorder. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of recurrent milk aspiration on airway mechanics and lung cells in a murine model. Under light anesthesia, BALB/c mice received daily intranasal instillations of whole cow's milk (n = 7) or sterile physiologic saline (n = 9) for 10 d. Respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and dynamic elastance (Edyn,rs) were measured in anesthetized, tracheotomized, paralyzed and mechanically ventilated mice 24 h after the last aspiration of milk. Rrs and Edyn,rs were derived from transrespiratory and plethysmographic pressure signals. In addition, airway responses to increasing concentrations of i.v. methacholine (Mch) were determined. Airway responses were measured in terms of PD(100) (dose of Mch causing 100% increase from baseline Rrs) and Rrs,max (% increase from baseline at the maximal plateau response) and expressed as % control (mean +/- SE). We found recurrent milk aspiration did not affect Edyn and baseline Rrs values. However, airway responses to Mch were increased after milk aspiration when compared with control mice. These changes in airway mechanics were associated with an increased percentage of lymphocytes and eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage, mucus production, and lung inflammation. Our findings suggest that recurrent milk aspiration leads to alterations in airway function, lung eosinophilia, and goblet cell hyperplasia in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Janahi
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Pulmonology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Abstract
Pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia (PIE) are a group of heterogeneous disorders having the common findings of lung disease and eosinophilia in the peripheral blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, or pulmonary interstitium. Eleven cases of PIE syndromes were identified through a retrospective and prospective chart review: drug-induced (2), acute eosinophilic pneumonia (3), infant pulmonary eosinophilia (2), parasite-induced (2), Churg-Strauss syndrome (1), and atypical chronic PIE (1). Patient demographics, clinical presentation, and disease severity varied considerably among groups. Therapeutic interventions included bronchodilators (10), oxygen (7), corticosteroids (9), and mechanical ventilation (3). A single patient with acute eosinophilic pneumonia died. Our experience suggests that PIE syndromes are rare in childhood and that clinical presentation can vary widely. Because of the potential for significant morbidity and mortality, aggressive diagnostic evaluations are warranted, particularly in children with respiratory failure of unknown etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Oermann
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Chen JC, Chen HM, Shyr MH, Fan LL, Chi TY, Chi CP, Chen MF. Selective inhibition of inducible nitric oxide in ischemia-reperfusion of rat small intestine. J Formos Med Assoc 2000; 99:213-8. [PMID: 10820953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the role of constitutive and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthases in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by observing the alterations in hemodynamics and intestinal microcirculation in response to I/R in rats, with or without inhibitors of NO synthases. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 9/group) received a standard I/R procedure alone: I/R plus intravenous administration of aminoguanidine (an inhibitor of inducible NO synthase); I/R plus L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, an inhibitor of constitutive and inducible NO synthase); IR + L-Arg (L-arginine, an NO precursor); or a sham operation plus the vehicle. The I/R procedure was performed by clamping the perfusion vessels of a segment of the terminal ileum, and medication was administered intravenously before and after intestinal ischemia. The intestinal perfusion and leukocyte-endothelial interactions were evaluated with in vivo microscopy and laser Doppler flowmetry. Surface expression of CD11b (an adhesion molecule) of circulating granulocytes was measured with flow cytometry. RESULTS Intestinal I/R produced circulatory alterations, intestinal microcirculatory derangement, energy depletion, and lipid peroxidation. Aminoguanidine significantly attenuated the reperfusion-related depression of mean arterial pressure (MAP), the decrease in intestinal perfusion index, the decrease in tissue ATP preservation, the increase in tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and the expression of CD11b of circulating granulocytes. Administration of L-NAME had only minor and transient effects on reperfusion-related changes of MAP, intestinal flux, numbers of adherent leukocytes, and CD11b expression, but had some protective effects on tissue MDA and adenosine triphosphate levels and flow velocity. L-Arg further decreased the MAP but did not affect reperfusion-related variables. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the selective inhibition of inducible NO synthase by aminoguanidine attenuates the hemodynamic and microcirculatory derangement that results from intestinal I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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29
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Yang LP, Wan HY, Kong XP, Wu Y, Teng J, Fan LL. [Preventive effect of cardiomyopeptidin on rat heart injured by ischemia-reperfusion]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2000; 25:105-7. [PMID: 12212070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the preventive effect of cardiomyopeptidin of small molecular weight polypeptide on rat hearts injured by ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS In a rat model injured by ischemia-reperfusion in the heart, observation was made on the influence of cardiomyopeptidin on the activities of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), as well as on the content of MDA in plasma after the preventive drug was used. RESULTS Cardiomyopeptidin could obviously prevent the injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion, reduce the activities of CK and LDH and the content of MDA in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Cardiomyopeptidin has a preventive effect on myocardium injured by ischemia-reperfusion and this may be related to its reducing the release of myocardial enzyme and anti-lipoperoxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Infectious Diseases Center, 458th Hospital of PLA, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510602, China
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30
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Elidemir O, Fan LL, Colasurdo GN. A novel diagnostic method for pulmonary aspiration in a murine model. Immunocytochemical staining of milk proteins in alveolar macrophages. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:622-6. [PMID: 10714979 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.161.2.9906036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspiration of foreign material into the lungs has been implicated in the etiology of a variety of pulmonary disorders. Although aspiration is a common clinical problem, its diagnosis represents a major challenge due to the lack of sensitive and/or specific tests. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of a novel diagnostic method in a murine model of milk aspiration. Under light anesthesia, BALB/c mice received either single or repeated intranasal instillation of milk. Control animals received sterile physiologic saline or were infected with respiratory pathogens in a similar manner. After isolation and cannulation of the trachea, mouse lungs were lavaged with PBS at various time points after the last aspiration event. Cells were recovered for Oil Red O (ORO) staining as well as immunocytochemistry for milk proteins: alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin. After single aspiration of milk, a large number of alveolar macrophages displayed a strong immunoreactivity for alpha-lactalbumin for 2-96 h. After single and repeated aspiration, the percentage of positive cells for alpha-lactalbumin was significantly higher when compared with ORO staining at 24, 48, and 72 h (p < 0.05). No immunoreactivity for milk proteins was found in alveolar macrophages obtained from our control groups. These findings demonstrate that immunocytochemical staining of milk proteins within alveolar macrophages represents a novel, sensitive, and specific test for the diagnosis of aspiration in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Elidemir
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arumugam
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston 77030, USA
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32
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Chen HM, Chen JC, Shyr MH, Chen MF, Hwang TL, Fan LL, Chi TY, Chi CP. Neutrophil elastase inhibitor (ONO-5046) attenuates reperfusion-induced hepatic microcirculatory derangement, energy depletion and lipid peroxidation in rats. Shock 1999; 12:462-7. [PMID: 10588515 DOI: 10.1097/00024382-199912000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Microcirculatory derangement, energy depletion, and lipid peroxidation are associated with the development of ischemia-reperfusion injury in the liver. This study investigated the effects of a neutrophil elastase inhibitor (ONO-5046) on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four treatment groups: 1) sham-operated control (laparotomy only, no ischemia) and saline injection (1 mL/kg), n = 6; 2) ischemia control (1-h ischemia, 2-h reperfusion) and saline injection (1 mL/kg), n = 6; 3) intravenous injection with ONO-5046 at a dose of 1 mg/kg 5 min before ischemia and immediately after reperfusion plus 1-h ischemia and 2-h reperfusion, n = 6; and 4) intravenous injection with ONO-5046 at a dose of 10 mg/kg 5 min before ischemia and immediately after reperfusion plus 1-h ischemia and 2-h reperfusion, n = 6. A laser-Doppler flowmeter and in vivo microscopy were used to investigate hepatic microcirculation. Tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were determined at the end of the experiment. RESULTS Compared with ischemia alone, ONO-5046 significantly reduced the extent of microcirculatory and hemodynamic derangement after ischemia-reperfusion. ONO-5046 at both doses significantly attenuated decreases in mean arterial pressure. ONO-5046 lessened adherent leukocyte count and improved flow velocity in the sinusoids and postsinusoidal venules. ONO-5046 at the dose of 10m/kg reduced MDA (1.97 +/- 0.54 micromol/g protein vs. 3.58 +/- 1.21 micromol/g protein in the ischemia and reperfusion group) and increased ATP levels (2.62 +/- 0.19 micromol/g wet wt vs. 0.57 +/- 0.37 pmol/g wet wt in the ischemia and reperfusion group), whereas ONO-5046 at a smaller dose (1 mg/kg) had lesser but significant effects on MDA and ATP alterations. This study demonstrates that treatment with ONO-5046, a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, can ameliorate ischemia-reperfusion injury of the rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Chen
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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33
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Abstract
Recently, Stachybotrys atra, a toxigenic fungus, has been implicated as a potential cause of pulmonary hemorrhage/hemosiderosis in infants living in water-damaged homes. Although epidemiologic evidence supports this association, neither the organism nor its toxic products has ever been recovered from humans. We report the first case in which Stachybotrys was isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a child with pulmonary hemorrhage. Stachybotrys was also recovered from his water-damaged home. The patient recovered completely after his immediate removal from the environment and subsequent cleaning of his home. This case provides further evidence that this fungus is capable of causing pulmonary hemorrhage in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Elidemir
- Pediatric Pulmonary Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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34
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to categorize high-resolution CT findings in children with diffuse lung disease and to evaluate the accuracy of diagnoses made using CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chest radiographs and high-resolution CT scans of 20 children (1-16 years old; median, 9 years old) with biopsy-proven chronic diffuse lung diseases were reviewed separately by two independent chest radiologists. Thirteen types of diffuse lung disease were included in the study. Radiographic and CT features were noted, and three choices of diagnosis were recorded, with the confidence level. RESULTS Diagnoses were made with a high degree of confidence (definite or probable) in 25 of 40 interpretations of CT scans, compared with only five of 40 interpretations of chest radiographs (p < .001). Fourteen (56%) of the 25 confident first-choice diagnoses on CT scans were correct, compared with two (40%) of the five interpretations on chest radiographs. Diseases were classified as belonging to one of five distinct groups on the basis of dominant CT features. Airway disease (n = 5) (bronchiolitis obliterans or bronchocentric granulomatosis) showed geographic hyperlucency on CT. Septal disease (n = 4) (lymphangiomatosis, hemangiomatosis, or microlithiasis) showed septal thickening. Infiltrative lung disease (n = 7) (desquamative interstitial pneumonitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, or lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis) showed ground-glass opacity. Air-space disease (n = 3) (aspiration, vasculitis, or bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia) showed lung consolidation. Langerhans' histiocytosis (n = 1) showed cysts and nodules. Surprisingly little overlap was seen among these groups. CONCLUSION CT increases the level of diagnostic confidence for pediatric infiltrative lung disease, improves diagnostic accuracy, and provides a useful classification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Lynch
- Department of Radiology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA
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35
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Abu-Hasan MN, Minifee PK, Fan LL. Radiological case of the month. Lung abscess with rupture into the pleural space. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1999; 153:85-6. [PMID: 9895005 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.153.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M N Abu-Hasan
- Pediatric Pulmonary Section, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston 77030, USA
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36
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Janahi I, Fan LL. Bronchogenic cyst masquerading as asthma. J Pediatr 1998; 133:166. [PMID: 9672535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Janahi
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the value of a systematic approach to the diagnosis of pediatric interstitial lung disease (ILD). METHODS In this descriptive, observational, prospective study, we evaluated 51 children presenting with ILD of unknown etiology during a 3-year period. Specific clinical information regarding history, physical examination, diagnostic evaluation, and final diagnosis was recorded on each patient. RESULTS A specific diagnosis was established by history and physical examination alone in 1 patient, noninvasive tests alone in 8 others, and invasive tests, including lung biopsy, in another 26. Of the remaining patients, 8 had a suggestive diagnosis, and 8 had no specific diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS A systematic approach to the diagnosis of pediatric ILD is useful, and not all patients need lung biopsy for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Fan
- Pediatric Pulmonary Section, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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38
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Fan LL, Sun LH, Lin Y. [Effect of oxyphenamone, a new inodilator, on isolated cardiac muscles and arteries]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 1997; 32:808-12. [PMID: 11596198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
The cardiotonic and vasodilating effects of oxyphenamone were studied in preparations of rat Langendorff's heart, isolated cardiac muscles of guinea pigs and isolated arteries of dogs. In the preparations of rat Langendorff's heart, infusion of oxyphenamone at 0.1 and 1.0 mumol.L-1 increased myocardial contractility and coronary blood flow moderately and decreased heart rate slightly. Oxyphenamone (1-100 mumol.L-1) increased the contractile force of papillary muscle (PM) and left atrium (LA) of guinea pigs dose-dependently. The positive inotropic effect of oxyphenamone (the ED50 was found to be 18.35 mumol.L-1 in PM and 9.17 mumol.L-1 in LA) was close to that of milrinone, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase(the ED50 was shown to be 6.23 mumol.L-1 in PM and 4.59 mumol.L-1 in LA). The difference between these two agents is that oxyphenamone decreased the spontaneous pulse rate of right atrium, while milrinone increased it. The vasoconstrictions of dog coronary, basilar and mesenteric arteries induced by KCl, 5-HT and CaCl2 were antagonized non-competitively by oxyphenamone at 1 and 50 mumol.L-1, suggesting that oxyphenamone has a relaxant effect on vascular smooth muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050
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39
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Jiang SS, Fan LL, Yang SJ, Kuo SY, Pan RL. Purification and characterization of thylakoid membrane-bound inorganic pyrophosphatase from Spinacia oleracia L. Arch Biochem Biophys 1997; 346:105-12. [PMID: 9328290 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1997.0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPase) was purified from thylakoid membrane of spinach leaves to electrophoretic purity by methods including detergent solubilization, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and successive chromatographic techniques. Current protocol yielded about 10% recovery of total activity with a 30-fold purification. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was approximately 400 micromol PPi consumed/mg protein x h. This enzyme is a monomer with a molecular mass of 55 kDa. Several properties, including subunit composition, substrate specificity, ion requirements, inhibitor sensitivities, and amino acid composition, have been studied. Mg2+ is an essential cofactor for the thylakoid PPase. The preferred substrate for the hydrolytic reaction of PPase appears to be dimagnesium pyrophosphate. K+ could not stimulate the enzymatic activity of thylakoid PPase, while F- was a potent inhibitor. Group-specific modification of the thylakoid PPase demonstrates possible involvement of carboxylate residues in the enzymatic activity. Furthermore, antibodies raised against thylakoid PPase in a rabbit could inactivate the PPi hydrolysis of thylakoid and the purified enzyme, but not that of vacuolar H+-PPase, indicating both PPi hydrolases are structurally distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Jiang
- Institute of Radiation Biology, College of Nuclear Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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40
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Fan LL, Kozinetz CA, Wojtczak HA, Chatfield BA, Cohen AH, Rothenberg SS. Diagnostic value of transbronchial, thoracoscopic, and open lung biopsy in immunocompetent children with chronic interstitial lung disease. J Pediatr 1997; 131:565-9. [PMID: 9386660 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(97)70063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the diagnostic value of transbronchial biopsy (TBB), video-assisted thoracoscopy (VAT), and open lung biopsy (OLB) in immunocompetent children with chronic, diffuse infiltrates; to identify factors that may predict diagnosis in children requiring biopsy; to determine whether age, number of biopsies, or type of procedure are associated with diagnostic yield in children undergoing transthoracic biopsy; and to compare morbidity of VAT with that of OLB. STUDY DESIGN As part of a prospective, descriptive study to define the clinical spectrum of pediatric interstitial lung disease, 30 immunocompetent children required TBB, VAT, and/or OLB for diagnosis of diffuse infiltrates. We reviewed and analyzed the following clinical variables: age; preoperative diagnosis; type of procedure; number of lobes undergoing biopsies; durations of surgery, chest tube insertion, and hospitalization; tissue diagnosis; and complications. RESULTS Specific diagnoses were made in 50%, 60%, and 53% of patients undergoing TBB, VAT, and OLB, respectively. A variety of rare disorders was found, and tissue diagnosis confirmed the preoperative diagnosis in 25% of all procedures. For patients who underwent transthoracic biopsy, patient age of greater than 24 months was significantly associated with increased diagnostic yield, but the number of lobes biopsied and type of procedure were not. VAT was associated with shorter operating time, chest tube placement, and hospitalization when compared with OLB. The complications of VAT and OLB were comparable. CONCLUSION Lung biopsy is an important tool for the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease in immunocompetent children, but the diagnosis of many children, particularly those aged 2 years or younger, remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Fan
- Pediatric Pulmonary Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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41
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Fan LL, Sun LH, Li J. [Effect of oxyphenamone, a new inodilator, on cardiac hemodynamics in normal rat, cat and dog]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 1997; 32:744-9. [PMID: 11596216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
For studying the cardiotonic and vasaodilating effect of oxyphenamone in vivo, cardiac hemodynamic variables of anesthetized normal rats, cats and dogs were determined with a polygraph and electromagnetic flowmeters. Intravenous injection of oxyphenamone (0.5-10 mg.kg-1) dose-dependently decreased the mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance moderately and increased cardiac output, myocardial contractile force and +/- dT/dtmax. The blood flow of coronary and femoral arteries increased markedly and their vascular resistance decreased but the blood flow and vascular resistance of cerebral artery did not change. Some species differences were observed in the effect of oxyphenamone on heart rate (HR) and left ventricular pressure (LVP). Oxyphenamone did not influence the HR and LVP in normal cats. It decreased the HR, left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and +/- dP/dtmax, while did not affect the left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in rats. In contrast, administration of oxyphenamone to dogs increased LVSP and +/- dP/dtmax markedly and diminished LVEDP slightly. Oxyphenamone decreased HR slightly at lower dosage (1 and 3 mg.kg-1), but increased heart rate moderately at high dose (6 mg.kg-1) in dogs. These indicate that oxyphenamone has cardiotonic and vasodilating effects in vivo. Whether the effects of oxyphenamone on cardiac hemodynamics would be useful for the treatment of heart failure should be evaluated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050
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42
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Abstract
To investigate factors influencing survival in children with chronic interstitial lung disease (ILD), we extracted specific clinical information from a data base of 99 children with ILD who met entry criteria for our study. The effects of a weight below the fifth percentile for the patient's age, crackles, clubbing, family history of ILD, symptom duration, and severity-of-illness score on survival were examined with univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. There were 15 recorded deaths in the group, with a probability that a patient would survive to 24 mo, 48 mo, and 60 mo after onset of symptoms of 83%, 72%, and 64%, respectively. Of the clinical features, only increasing severity-of-illness score was significantly associated with a higher probability of decreased survival. Children with ILD have decreased survival probabilities that can be predicted with a severity-of-illness score.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Fan
- Pediatric Pulmonary Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Abstract
We studied the effects of recurrent aspiration of milk on neural control of airways in young developing rabbits. Beginning at 1 week of age, rabbits received 0.5 ml/kg of whole milk or sterile physiologic saline intranasally while under light methoxyflourane anesthesia 5 days a week for a period of 3 weeks. At 4 and 8 weeks of age, in vitro studies of contractile and relaxant responses of tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) segments were evaluated. To assess the neurally mediated contractile responses, frequency response curves to electrical field stimulation (EFS) were performed with results expressed in terms of frequency of EFS causing 50% of the maximal contractile response (ES50) values. In addition, the contractile responsiveness of TSM to methacholine (MCh) as reflected by the concentration causing 50% of the maximal contractile response (EC50) values was also determined to evaluate the underlying cholinergic reactivity of this segment of airway. To assess nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory (NANCi) responses, experiments were performed on TSM contracted with neurokinin A in the presence of atropine, propranolol, and indomethacin. EFS was delivered to the contracted tissue at stimulation frequencies ranging from 5 to 30 Hz with results expressed as mean percent relaxation. Recurrent aspiration of milk but not saline increased EFS-induced contractile responses, as shown by significantly lower ES50 values compared with the control group: P = 0.02 and P = 0.001 at 4 and 8 weeks of age, respectively. TSM responsiveness to MCh was no different between the two groups, suggesting that alterations in prejunctional mechanisms of neural control were most likely responsible for the increased contractile response to EFS. The NANCi responses were significantly decreased by milk aspiration at both 4 and 8 weeks of age, with the abnormalities less pronounced at the later time point. These findings demonstrate that repeated aspiration of milk leads to abnormal mechanisms of neural control within airways of developing rabbits. While aspiration of milk altered both contractile and relaxant responses to EFS, the former abnormalities became more pronounced with time while the latter appeared to be resolving. These observations suggest that injury to an airway early in development does not necessarily resolve with time but may persist, with functional abnormalities becoming more pronounced even after the airway insult has ceased.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Gelfand
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, USA
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Abstract
We have investigated the diagnostic value of (BAL) in 29 immunocompetent children (ages 1 month to 18 years) with chronic diffuse pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiograph who presented for evaluation over a 3-year period. The median age at the time of the BAL was 20 months with a range of 1-210 months. Positive results (1) diagnostic of a primary disorder; (2) consistent with a diagnosis; or (3) diagnostic of a secondary disorder, were obtained in 20/29 patients (13 with a single positive BAL finding and 7 with more than one finding). BAL was diagnostic of a primary disorder in only 5 patients (17%) with aspiration detected in 3 and infection in 2. The differential diagnosis was narrowed in 15 patients by the presence of lymphocytosis, neutrophilia, or eosinophilia. A secondary disorder was uncovered in 8 patients. Negative results were obtained in 9 additional patients. We conclude that BAL provided useful information in children with chronic diffuse infiltrates, but its ability to determine the primary cause was limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Fan
- Pediatric Pulmonary Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Rothenberg SS, Wagner JS, Chang JH, Fan LL. The safety and efficacy of thoracoscopic lung biopsy for diagnosis and treatment in infants and children. J Pediatr Surg 1996; 31:100-3; discussion 103-4. [PMID: 8632258 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3468(96)90328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Thoracoscopic techniques were used to perform lung biopsies and limited resections in 36 consecutively treated cases. Biopsies were performed for interstitial lung disease in 27 cases, presumed metastatic lesions in 5, and cavitary lesions in 4. Histological diagnosis was obtained in 35 of the 36 cases, and therapy was directly affected by the results in 30 of 36 cases. There were no postoperative complications, and the average hospital stay for patients admitted the morning of surgery was less than 2 days. Limited thoracoscopic resection provides a safe and effective means for diagnosing and treating parenchymal disease of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Rothenberg
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, Denver, CO, USA
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46
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Abstract
During the acquisition of a series of 92 children with interstitial lung disease (ILD) over a 14 year period, a significant minority (8/92 or 9%) were initially diagnosed as having ILD, but were subsequently found to have a variety of arterial, venous, and/or capillary disorders that explained their initial pulmonary findings. This subgroup of patients has had a very high morbidity and mortality, with only three of eight patients currently surviving. The presentation, evaluation, and natural history of these eight children were reviewed. We developed a strategy of cardiac and pulmonary evaluation for children presenting with clinical and radiographic features of ILD that helped us to identify rapidly those with pulmonary vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Sondheimer
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, USA
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47
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Abstract
Asthma is increasingly treated as an inflammatory disease with inhaled and/or systemic corticosteroids. We report 3 cases of unusual pneumonias associated with high doses of oral steroids. Two patients contracted Legionella pneumonia and one patient contracted Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. With increasing usage, it is important for physicians to be aware of the possible infectious complications of high dose steroids. This report highlights the risk of corticosteroid treatment in asthma in predisposing to opportunistic infections that have not heretofore been readily associated with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Abernathy-Carver
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206
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48
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Abstract
The interstitial pneumonias in children are a diverse group of rare conditions associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Newer diagnostic modalities such as high-resolution computed tomography and bronchoalveolar lavage have improved the ability to diagnose these conditions. Open lung biopsy remains the most useful diagnostic study, and thoracoscopic methods are being used in children more frequently with favorable results. Treatment with corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, and cytotoxic agents is empirical due to a lack of controlled therapeutic trials. Lung transplantation, even in infants, is being done more often and with greater success for end-stage lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Fan
- National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Fan
- Pediatric Pulmonary Division, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colo
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Fan
- Pediatric Pulmonary Section, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206
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