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Townsend SR, Phillips GS, Duseja R, Tefera L, Cruikshank D, Dickerson R, Nguyen HB, Schorr CA, Levy MM, Dellinger RP, Conway WA, Browner WS, Rivers EP. Effects of Compliance with the Early Management Bundle (SEP-1) on Mortality Changes among Medicare Beneficiaries with Sepsis: A Propensity Score Matched Cohort Study. Chest 2021; 161:392-406. [PMID: 34364867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.07.2167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND U.S. hospitals have reported compliance with the SEP-1 quality measure to Medicare since 2015. Finding an association between compliance and outcomes is essential to gauge measure effectiveness. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the association between compliance with SEP-1 and 30-day mortality among Medicare beneficiaries? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Studying patient-level data reported to Medicare by 3,241 hospitals from October 1, 2015 to March 31, 2017, we used propensity score matching and a hierarchical general linear model (HGLM) to estimate the treatment effects associated with compliance with SEP-1. Compliance was defined as completion of all qualifying SEP-1 elements including lactate measurements, blood culture collection, broad-spectrum antibiotic administration, 30 ml/kg crystalloid fluid administration, application of vasopressors, and patient reassessment. The primary outcome was a change in 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included changes in length-of-stay. RESULTS We completed two matches to evaluate population-level treatment effects. In "Standard-match" 122,870 patients whose care was compliant were matched with the same number whose care was non-compliant. Compliance was associated with a reduction in 30-day mortality: 21.81% versus 27.48% yielding an ARR of 5.67% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.33-6.00; P < 0.001). In "Stringent-match" 107,016 patients whose care was compliant were matched with the same number whose care was non-compliant. Compliance was associated with a reduction in 30-day mortality: 22.22% versus 26.28% yielding an ARR of 4.06% (95% CI: 3.70-4.41; P < 0.001). At the subject-level, our HGLM model found compliance associated with lower 30-day risk-adjusted mortality (adjusted conditional odds ratio = 0.829; 95% CI: 0.812-0.846; P < 0001). Multiple elements correlated with lower mortality. Median length-of-stay was shorter among cases whose care was compliant (5 vs. 6 days; IQR: 3-9 vs. 4-10; P < 0.001). INTERPRETATION Compliance with SEP-1 was associated with lower 30-day mortality. Rendering SEP-1 compliant care may reduce the incidence of avoidable deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Townsend
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA.
| | - Gary S Phillips
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Reena Duseja
- Center for Clinical Standards and Quality, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lemeneh Tefera
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alameda Health System, Oakland, CA
| | | | | | - H Bryant Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Hyperbaric, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA
| | | | - Mitchell M Levy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI; Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI
| | | | - William A Conway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Warren S Browner
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Emanuel P Rivers
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
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Townsend SR, Tefera L, Rivers EP. Evidence Underpinning the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Management Bundle (SEP-1). Ann Intern Med 2018; 168:609-610. [PMID: 29543961 DOI: 10.7326/l18-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Townsend
- California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California (S.R.T.)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emanuel Rivers
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Lemeneh Tefera
- Quality Measurement and Value-Based Incentives Group, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Baltimore, Maryland
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemeneh Tefera
- Quality Measurement and Value-Based Incentives Group, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William G Lehrman
- Division of Consumer Assessment and Plan Performance, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patrick Conway
- Acting Principal Deputy Administrator, Deputy Administrator for Innovation and Quality, and CMS Chief Medical Officer
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Tefera L, Poyer J, Goodrich K. Medicare’s Hospital Value-Based Purchasing Program. Health Aff (Millwood) 2015; 34:1070. [DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lemeneh Tefera
- Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James Poyer
- Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kate Goodrich
- Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Baltimore, Maryland
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Han XL, Liu M, Voisey A, Ren YS, Kurimoto P, Gao T, Tefera L, Dechow P, Ke HZ, Feng JQ. Post-natal effect of overexpressed DKK1 on mandibular molar formation. J Dent Res 2011; 90:1312-7. [PMID: 21917600 DOI: 10.1177/0022034511421926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) is a potent inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Dkk1-null mutant embryos display severe defects in head induction. Conversely, targeted expression of Dkk1 in dental epithelial cells leads to the formation of dysfunctional enamel knots and subsequent tooth defects during embryonic development. However, its role in post-natal dentinogenesis is largely unknown. To address this issue, we studied the role of DKK1 in post-natal dentin development using 2.3-kb Col1a1-Dkk1 transgenic mice, with the following key findings: (1) The Dkk1 transgene was highly expressed in pulp and odontoblast cells during post-natal developmental stages; (2) the 1(st) molar displayed short roots, an enlarged pulp/root canal region, and a decrease in the dentin formation rate; (3) a small malformed second molar and an absent third molar; (4) an increase of immature odontoblasts, few mature odontoblasts, and sharply reduced dentinal tubules; and (5) a dramatic change in Osx and nestin expression. We propose that DKK1 controls post-natal mandibular molar dentin formation either directly or indirectly via the inhibition of Wnt signaling at the following aspects: (i) post-natal dentin formation, (ii) formation and/or maintenance of the dentin tubular system, (iii) mineralization of the dentin, and (iv) regulation of molecules such as Osx and nestin.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Han
- Baylor College of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
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Ritter MP, Peters JH, DeMeester TR, Crookes PF, Mason RJ, Green L, Tefera L, Bremner CG. Outcome after laparoscopic fundoplication is not dependent on a structurally defective lower esophageal sphincter. J Gastrointest Surg 1998; 2:567-72. [PMID: 10457315 DOI: 10.1016/s1091-255x(98)80058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of laparoscopic surgery and the recognition that gastroesophageal reflux disease often requires lifelong medication, patients with normal resting sphincter characteristics are now being considered for surgery. The outcome of these patients after fundoplication is unknown and formed the basis of this study. The study population consisted of 123 patients undergoing laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication between 1992 and 1996. All patients had increased esophageal acid exposure on 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring. Patients were divided into those with a normal (n = 36) and those with a structurally defective (n = 87) lower esophageal sphincter (LES), based on LES resting pressure (normal >6 mm Hg), overall length (normal >2 cm), and abdominal length (normal >1 cm), and their outcomes were assessed. Each group was subsequently divided into patients presenting with a primary symptom that was "typical" (heartburn, regurgitation, or dysphagia) or "atypical" (gastric, respiratory, or chest pain) of gastro-esophageal reflux, and outcome was assessed. Median duration of follow-up was 18 months after surgery. Overall, laparoscopic fundoplication was successful in relieving symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux in 90% of patients. Patients with a typical primary symptom had an excellent outcome irrespective of the resting status of the LES (95% and 97%, respectively). Atypical primary symptoms were significantly more common in patients with a normal LES (29%) than in those with a structurally defective LES (10%; P <0.05), and these symptoms were less likely (50%) to be relieved by antireflux surgery. Laparoscopic antireflux surgery is highly successful and not dependent on the status of the resting LES in patients with increased esophageal acid exposure and primary symptoms "typical" of gastroesophageal reflux. Antireflux surgery should be applied cautiously in patients with atypical primary symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Ritter
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033-4612, USA
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Tefera L, Fein M, Ritter MP, Bremner CG, Crookes PF, Peters JH, Hagen JA, DeMeester TR. Can the combination of symptoms and endoscopy confirm the presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease? Am Surg 1997; 63:933-6. [PMID: 9322676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of symptomatology and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in the diagnosis of proven gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We evaluated the symptoms and EGD findings of 100 consecutive patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of GERD. Patients' symptoms were scored at their first visit with a standardized symptom scoring system (grades 0-3). Grade 3 symptoms were the most severe. EGD findings were classified according to the modified Savary-Miller scale. Esophageal acid exposure was quantified using 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring; a positive composite score was considered evidence of GERD. Fifty-seven patients had positive pH scores, and 43 were negative. The combination of grade 2 or 3 heartburn and/or regurgitation with erosive esophagitis or Barrett's esophagus on EGD had a 97 per cent specificity and 64 per cent sensitivity for accurately diagnosing GERD. It is concluded that, in the presence of moderate to severe symptoms and endoscopic injury, the diagnosis of GERD can be made without further studies. However, 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring is still indicated in patients with mild typical symptoms, atypical symptoms, or when the combination of heartburn and regurgitation, regardless of their severity, occurs in the absence of severe mucosal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tefera
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033-4612, USA
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