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Johansson H, Boesgaard MW, Nørskov-Lauritsen L, Larsen I, Kuhne S, Gloriam DE, Bräuner-Osborne H, Sejer Pedersen D. Selective Allosteric Antagonists for the G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPRC6A Based on the 2-Phenylindole Privileged Structure Scaffold. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8938-51. [PMID: 26516782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a biological target class of fundamental importance in drug therapy. The GPRC6A receptor is a newly deorphanized class C GPCR that we recently reported for the first allosteric antagonists based on the 2-arylindole privileged structure scaffold (e.g., 1-3). Herein, we present the first structure-activity relationship study for the 2-arylindole antagonist 3, comprising the design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of a focused library of 3-substituted 2-arylindoles. In a FRET-based inositol monophosphate (IP1) assay we identified compounds 7, 13e, and 34b as antagonists at the GPRC6A receptor in the low micromolar range and show that 7 and 34b display >9-fold selectivity for the GPRC6A receptor over related GPCRs, making 7 and 34b the most potent and selective antagonists for the GPRC6A receptor reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Johansson
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Worch Boesgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lenea Nørskov-Lauritsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inna Larsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastiaan Kuhne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Sejer Pedersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Nørskov-Lauritsen L, Jørgensen S, Bräuner-Osborne H. N-glycosylation and disulfide bonding affects GPRC6A receptor expression, function, and dimerization. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:588-97. [PMID: 25617829 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of post-translational modifications of receptor proteins is important for our understanding of receptor pharmacology and disease physiology. However, our knowledge about post-translational modifications of class C G protein-coupled receptors and how these modifications regulate expression and function is very limited. Herein, we show that the nutrient-sensing class C G protein-coupled receptor GPRC6A carries seven N-glycans and that one of these sites modulates surface expression whereas mutation of another site affects receptor function. GPRC6A has been speculated to form covalently linked dimers through cysteine disulfide linkage in the extracellular amino-terminal domain and here we show that GPRC6A indeed is a homodimer and that a disulfide bridge between the C131 residues is formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenea Nørskov-Lauritsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Jørgensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Nørskov-Lauritsen L, Thomsen ARB, Bräuner-Osborne H. G protein-coupled receptor signaling analysis using homogenous time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (HTRF®) technology. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:2554-72. [PMID: 24531140 PMCID: PMC3958867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15022554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying multidimensional signaling of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in search of new and better treatments requires flexible, reliable and sensitive assays in high throughput screening (HTS) formats. Today, more than half of the detection techniques used in HTS are based on fluorescence, because of the high sensitivity and rich signal, but quenching, optical interferences and light scattering are serious drawbacks. In the 1990s the HTRF® (Cisbio Bioassays, Codolet, France) technology based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in a time-resolved homogeneous format was developed. This improved technology diminished the traditional drawbacks. The optimized protocol described here based on HTRF® technology was used to study the activation and signaling pathways of the calcium-sensing receptor, CaSR, a GPCR responsible for maintaining calcium homeostasis. Stimulation of the CaSR by agonists activated several pathways, which were detected by measuring accumulation of the second messengers D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate (IP1) and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), and by measuring the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). Here we show how an optimized HTRF® platform with numerous advantages compared to previous assays provides a substantial and robust mode of investigating GPCR signaling. It is furthermore discussed how these assays can be optimized and miniaturized to meet HTS requirements and for screening compound libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenea Nørskov-Lauritsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Fruebjergvej 3, Mailbox 10, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark.
| | - Alex Rojas Bie Thomsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Fruebjergvej 3, Mailbox 10, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark.
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Fruebjergvej 3, Mailbox 10, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark.
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Jacobsen SE, Nørskov-Lauritsen L, Thomsen ARB, Smajilovic S, Wellendorph P, Larsson NHP, Lehmann A, Bhatia VK, Bräuner-Osborne H. Delineation of the GPRC6A receptor signaling pathways using a mammalian cell line stably expressing the receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 347:298-309. [PMID: 24008333 PMCID: PMC11047948 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.206276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The GPRC6A receptor is a recently "deorphanized" class C G protein-coupled receptor. We and others have shown that this receptor is coactivated by basic l-α-amino acids and divalent cations, whereas other groups have also suggested osteocalcin and testosterone to be agonists. Likewise, the GPRC6A receptor has been suggested to couple to multiple G protein classes albeit via indirect methods. Thus, the exact ligand preferences and signaling pathways are yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we generated a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line that stably expresses mouse GPRC6A. In an effort to establish fully the signaling properties of the receptor, we tested representatives of four previously reported GPRC6A agonist classes for activity in the Gq, Gs, Gi, and extracellular-signal regulated kinase signaling pathways. Our results confirm that GPRC6A is activated by basic l-α-amino acids and divalent cations, and for the first time, we conclusively show that these responses are mediated through the Gq pathway. We were not able to confirm previously published data demonstrating Gi- and Gs-mediated signaling; neither could we detect agonistic activity of testosterone and osteocalcin. Generation of the stable CHO cell line with robust receptor responsiveness and optimization of the highly sensitive homogeneous time resolved fluorescence technology allow fast assessment of Gq activation without previous manipulations like cotransfection of mutated G proteins. This cell-based assay system for GPRC6A is thus useful in high-throughput screening for novel pharmacological tool compounds, which are necessary to unravel the physiologic function of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Engesgaard Jacobsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (S.E.J., L.N.-L., A.R.B.T., S.S., P.W., V.K.B., H.B.-O.); and AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden (N.H.P.L., A.L.)
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Comps-Agrar L, Kniazeff J, Nørskov-Lauritsen L, Maurel D, Gassmann M, Gregor N, Prézeau L, Bettler B, Durroux T, Trinquet E, Pin JP. The oligomeric state sets GABA(B) receptor signalling efficacy. EMBO J 2011; 30:2336-49. [PMID: 21552208 PMCID: PMC3116278 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have key roles in cell-cell communication. Recent data suggest that these receptors can form large complexes, a possibility expected to expand the complexity of this regulatory system. Among the brain GPCRs, the heterodimeric GABA(B) receptor is one of the most abundant, being distributed in most brain regions, on either pre- or post-synaptic elements. Here, using specific antibodies labelled with time-resolved FRET compatible fluorophores, we provide evidence that the heterodimeric GABA(B) receptor can form higher-ordered oligomers in the brain, as suggested by the close proximity of the GABA(B1) subunits. Destabilizing the oligomers using a competitor or a GABA(B1) mutant revealed different G protein coupling efficiencies depending on the oligomeric state of the receptor. By examining, in heterologous system, the G protein coupling properties of such GABA(B) receptor oligomers composed of a wild-type and a non-functional mutant heterodimer, we provide evidence for a negative functional cooperativity between the GABA(B) heterodimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laëtitia Comps-Agrar
- CNRS, UMR5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, U661, Montpellier, France
- Universités de Montpellier 1 and 2, UMR5203, Montpellier, France
- Cisbio, Parc Technologique Marcel Boiteux, Bagnols/Cèze Cedex, France
| | - Julie Kniazeff
- CNRS, UMR5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, U661, Montpellier, France
- Universités de Montpellier 1 and 2, UMR5203, Montpellier, France
| | - Lenea Nørskov-Lauritsen
- CNRS, UMR5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, U661, Montpellier, France
- Universités de Montpellier 1 and 2, UMR5203, Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Maurel
- CNRS, UMR5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, U661, Montpellier, France
- Universités de Montpellier 1 and 2, UMR5203, Montpellier, France
- Cisbio, Parc Technologique Marcel Boiteux, Bagnols/Cèze Cedex, France
| | - Martin Gassmann
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Physiology, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Gregor
- Cisbio, Parc Technologique Marcel Boiteux, Bagnols/Cèze Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Prézeau
- CNRS, UMR5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, U661, Montpellier, France
- Universités de Montpellier 1 and 2, UMR5203, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernhard Bettler
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Physiology, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Durroux
- CNRS, UMR5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, U661, Montpellier, France
- Universités de Montpellier 1 and 2, UMR5203, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Trinquet
- Cisbio, Parc Technologique Marcel Boiteux, Bagnols/Cèze Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- CNRS, UMR5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, U661, Montpellier, France
- Universités de Montpellier 1 and 2, UMR5203, Montpellier, France
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Welinder
- Institute of Biochemical Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hazell AC, Hazell RG, Nørskov-Lauritsen L, Briant CE, Jones DW. A neutron diffraction study of the crystal and molecular structure of acenaphthene. Acta Crystallogr C 1986. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270186094908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Nørskov-Lauritsen L, Bürgi HB. Conformational interconversions of cis-square-planar bis-triphenylphosphine complexes, cis-(Ph 3P) 2MXY. Acta Crystallogr A 1984. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767384096732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Nørskov-Lauritsen L, Larsen S, Ettlinger MG, Jaroszewski JW. 3,3,6,6-Tetramethoxy-1,2,4,5-tetramethyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1107/s056774088201098x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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