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Kramat J, Kraus L, Gunawan VJ, Smyej E, Froehlich P, Weber TE, Spiehl D, Koeppl H, Blaeser A, Suess B. Sensing Levofloxacin with an RNA Aptamer as a Bioreceptor. Biosensors (Basel) 2024; 14:56. [PMID: 38275309 PMCID: PMC10813692 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
To combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance, environmental testing for antibiotic contamination is gaining an increasing role. This study aims to develop an easy-to-use assay for the detection of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic levofloxacin. Levofloxacin is used in human and veterinary medicine and has been detected in wastewater and river water. An RNA aptamer against levofloxacin was selected using RNA Capture-SELEX. The 73 nt long aptamer folds into three stems with a central three-way junction. It binds levofloxacin with a Kd of 6 µM and discriminates the closely related compound ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, the selection process was analyzed using a next-generation sequencing approach to better understand the sequence evolution throughout the selection. The aptamer was used as a bioreceptor for the development of a lateral flow assay. The biosensor exploited the innate characteristic of RNA Capture-SELEX to select aptamers that displace a complementary DNA oligonucleotide upon ligand binding. The lateral flow assay achieved a limit of visual detection of 100 µM. While the sensitivity of this assay constrains its immediate use in environmental testing, the present study can serve as a template for the selection of RNA aptamer-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Kramat
- Synthetic RNA Biology, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Leon Kraus
- Synthetic RNA Biology, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Vincent J. Gunawan
- Synthetic RNA Biology, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Elias Smyej
- Synthetic RNA Biology, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Philipp Froehlich
- Self-Organizing Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tim E. Weber
- Institute for BioMedical Printing Technologies, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Dieter Spiehl
- Institute for BioMedical Printing Technologies, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Heinz Koeppl
- Self-Organizing Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Blaeser
- Institute for BioMedical Printing Technologies, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Beatrix Suess
- Synthetic RNA Biology, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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Stolte M, Kraus L, Ansorge U. Visual attentional guidance during smooth pursuit eye movements: Distractor interference is independent of distractor-target similarity. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14384. [PMID: 37431573 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we used abrupt-onset distractors similar and dissimilar in luminance to the target of a smooth pursuit eye-movement to test if abrupt-onset distractors capture attention in a top-down or bottom-up fashion while the eyes track a moving object. Abrupt onset distractors were presented at different positions relative to the current position of a pursuit target during the closed-loop phase of smooth pursuit. Across experiments, we varied the duration of the distractors, their motion direction, and task-relevance. We found that abrupt-onset distractors decreased the gain of horizontally directed smooth-pursuit eye-movements. This effect, however, was independent of the similarity in luminance between distractor and target. In addition, distracting effects on horizontal gain were the same, regardless of the exact duration and position of the distractors, suggesting that capture was relatively unspecific and short-lived (Experiments 1 and 2). This was different with distractors moving in a vertical direction, perpendicular to the horizontally moving target. In line with past findings, these distractors caused suppression of vertical gain (Experiment 3). Finally, making distractors task-relevant by asking observers to report distractor positions increased the pursuit gain effect of the distractors. This effect was also independent of target-distractor similarity (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the results suggest that a strong location signal exerted by the pursuit targets led to very brief and largely location-unspecific interference through the abrupt onsets and that this interference was bottom-up, implying that the control of smooth pursuit was independent of other target features besides its motion signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Stolte
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leon Kraus
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Ansorge
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Cognitive Science Hub, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform Mediatised Lifeworlds, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kraus L, Duchardt-Ferner E, Bräuchle E, Fürbacher S, Kelvin D, Marx H, Boussebayle A, Maurer LM, Bofill-Bosch C, Wöhnert J, Suess B. Development of a novel tobramycin dependent riboswitch. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:11375-11385. [PMID: 37791877 PMCID: PMC10639043 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We herein report the selection and characterization of a new riboswitch dependent on the aminoglycoside tobramycin. Its dynamic range rivals even the tetracycline dependent riboswitch to be the current best performing, synthetic riboswitch that controls translation initiation. The riboswitch was selected with RNA Capture-SELEX, a method that not only selects for binding but also for structural changes in aptamers on binding. This study demonstrates how this method can fundamentally reduce the labour required for the de novo identification of synthetic riboswitches. The initially selected riboswitch candidate harbours two distinct tobramycin binding sites with KDs of 1.1 nM and 2.4 μM, respectively, and can distinguish between tobramycin and the closely related compounds kanamycin A and B. Using detailed genetic and biochemical analyses and 1H NMR spectroscopy, the proposed secondary structure of the riboswitch was verified and the tobramycin binding sites were characterized. The two binding sites were found to be essentially non-overlapping, allowing for a separate investigation of their contribution to the activity of the riboswitch. We thereby found that only the high-affinity binding site was responsible for regulatory activity, which allowed us to engineer a riboswitch from only this site with a minimal sequence size of 33 nt and outstanding performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Kraus
- Fachbereich Biologie, TU Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, TU Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Elke Duchardt-Ferner
- Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften und Zentrum für Biomolekulare Magnetische Resonanz (BMRZ), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eric Bräuchle
- Fachbereich Biologie, TU Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simon Fürbacher
- Fachbereich Biologie, TU Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Daniel Kelvin
- Fachbereich Biologie, TU Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, TU Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Hans Marx
- Fachbereich Biologie, TU Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Adrien Boussebayle
- Fachbereich Biologie, TU Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lisa-Marie Maurer
- Fachbereich Biologie, TU Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, TU Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften und Zentrum für Biomolekulare Magnetische Resonanz (BMRZ), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cristina Bofill-Bosch
- Fachbereich Biologie, TU Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jens Wöhnert
- Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften und Zentrum für Biomolekulare Magnetische Resonanz (BMRZ), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Beatrix Suess
- Fachbereich Biologie, TU Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, TU Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Abstract
SELEX has enabled the selection of aptamers, nucleic acids that can bind a defined ligand, in some cases with exceptionally high affinity and specificity. The SELEX protocol has been adapted many times to fit a variety of needs. This protocol describes such an adaptation, namely, RNA-Capture SELEX that we have used to successfully develop small molecule-binding RNA aptamers. Our proposed method specifically selects not only for excellent binding but also for conformational switching. In consequence, we found this SELEX method to be particularly suitable for identifying aptamers for further application in synthetic riboswitch engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Kraus
- Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Beatrix Suess
- Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Loy J, Seitz N, Soellner R, Törrönen J, Kraus L. Entwicklungen des jugendlichen Trinkverhaltens in
Europa. Suchttherapie 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Loy
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung,
München
| | - N Seitz
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung,
München
| | | | | | - L Kraus
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung,
München
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Specht S, Schwarzkopf L, Braun-Michl B, Seitz NN, Wildner M, Kraus L. Was macht den Unterschied? Alters-, Perioden- und Kohorteneffekte in
der Inanspruchnahme ambulanter Suchthilfeleistungen. Das Gesundheitswesen 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1753664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Specht
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München,
Deutschland
| | - L Schwarzkopf
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München,
Deutschland
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Pettenkofer School of Public
Health, München, Deutschland
| | - B Braun-Michl
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München,
Deutschland
| | - N-N Seitz
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München,
Deutschland
| | - M Wildner
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Pettenkofer School of Public
Health, München, Deutschland
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und
Lebensmittelsicherheit, Oberschleißheim, Deutschland
| | - L Kraus
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München,
Deutschland
- Stockholm University, Department of Public Health Science, Centre for
Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm, Schweden
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of
Psychology, Budaoest, Ungarn
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Kraus L. Ausschluss vom Glücksspiel (Spielersperre): ein zahnloser
Tiger? Suchttherapie 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1756005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Kraus
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung,
München
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8
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Specht S, Braun-Michl B, Schwarzkopf L, Piontek D, Seitz NN, Wildner M, Kraus L. Substance use disorder and the baby boom generation: Does Berlin outpatient addiction care face a sustained change? Das Gesundheitswesen 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Specht
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung
| | | | | | | | | | - M Wildner
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit (LGL)
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Pettenkofer School of Public Health
| | - L Kraus
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung
- Department of Public Health Science, Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
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9
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Specht S, Braun-Michl B, Schwarzkopf L, Piontek D, Seitz N, Wildner M, Kraus L. Substance use disorder and the baby boomers: Does German outpatient addiction care face a change? Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The aging of baby boomers is expected to confront addiction care with new challenges. This study aims to investigate if German addiction care is confronted with a sustained change in its clientele that was initiated by the baby boomers.
Methods
Using data from Berlin outpatient addiction care facilities, we contrasted type of primary substance use disorder and number of comorbid substance use disorders in baby boomers with an older (n = 6524) as well as a younger cohort (n = 15677). To isolate cohort effects, two-level random-intercept regression models were applied in the overlapping age groups of the baby boomer cohort with each other cohort.
Results
Compared to the older cohort, alcohol use disorder lost importance while illicit substances use disorder gained importance in the baby boomers. Baby boomers presented a higher number of comorbid substance use disorders than the older cohort. Comparing baby boomers with the younger cohort, these relationships pointed in the opposite direction.
Conclusions
Outpatient addiction care faces a sustained change to more illicit and comorbid substance use disorders. The addiction care system ought to adapt its services to address the changing needs of its clientele.
Key messages
Baby boomers differed in comparison to the older cohort regarding type of substance use disorder and comorbid substance use disorders. The changes set off by the baby boomers continued in the younger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Specht
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - D Piontek
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany
| | - N Seitz
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany
| | - M Wildner
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - L Kraus
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany
- Department of Public Health Science, Centre for Social Resea, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Bielser JM, Kraus L, Burgos-Morales O, Broly H, Souquet J. Reduction of medium consumption in perfusion mammalian cell cultures using a perfusion rate equivalent concentrated nutrient feed. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e3026. [PMID: 32415806 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Media preparation for perfusion cell culture processes contributes significantly to operational costs and the footprint of continuous operations for therapeutic protein manufacturing. In this study, definitions are given for the use of a perfusion equivalent nutrient feed stream which, when used in combination with basal perfusion medium, supplements the culture with targeted compounds and increases the medium depth. Definitions to compare medium and feed depth are given in this article. Using a concentrated nutrient feed, a 1.8-fold medium consumption (MC) decrease and a 1.67-fold increase in volumetric productivity (PR) were achieved compared to the initial condition. Later, this strategy was used to push cell densities above 100 × 106 cells/ml while using a perfusion rate below 2 RV/day. In this example, MC was also decreased 1.8-fold compared to the initial condition, but due to the higher cell density, PR was increased 3.1-fold and to an average PR value of 1.36 g L-1 day-1 during a short stable phase, and versus 0.46 g L-1 day-1 in the initial condition. Overall, the performance improvements were aligned with the given definitions. This multiple feeding strategy can be applied to gain some flexibility during process development and also in a manufacturing set-up to enable better control on nutrient addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Bielser
- Biotech Process Sciences, Merck Biopharma, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Leon Kraus
- Biotech Process Sciences, Merck Biopharma, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
| | | | - Hervé Broly
- Biotech Process Sciences, Merck Biopharma, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Souquet
- Biotech Process Sciences, Merck Biopharma, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
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Lotz TS, Halbritter T, Kaiser C, Rudolph MM, Kraus L, Groher F, Steinwand S, Wachtveitl J, Heckel A, Suess B. A light-responsive RNA aptamer for an azobenzene derivative. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:2029-2040. [PMID: 30517682 PMCID: PMC6393235 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of complex biological networks has proven to be a key bottleneck in synthetic biology. Interactions between the structurally flexible RNA and various other molecules in the form of riboswitches have shown a high-regulation specificity and efficiency and synthetic riboswitches have filled the toolbox of devices in many synthetic biology applications. Here we report the development of a novel, small molecule binding RNA aptamer, whose binding is dependent on light-induced change of conformation of its small molecule ligand. As ligand we chose an azobenzene because of its reliable photoswitchability and modified it with chloramphenicol for a better interaction with RNA. The synthesis of the ligand 'azoCm' was followed by extensive biophysical analysis regarding its stability and photoswitchability. RNA aptamers were identified after several cycles of in vitro selection and then studied regarding their binding specificity and affinity toward the ligand. We show the successful development of an RNA aptamer that selectively binds to only the trans photoisomer of azoCm with a KD of 545 nM. As the aptamer cannot bind to the irradiated ligand (λ = 365 nm), a light-selective RNA binding system is provided. Further studies may now result in the engineering of a reliable, light-responsible riboswitch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea S Lotz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Biology, Schnittspahnstrasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Halbritter
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt (M), Germany
| | - Christoph Kaiser
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt (M), Germany
| | - Martin M Rudolph
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Biology, Schnittspahnstrasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Leon Kraus
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Biology, Schnittspahnstrasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Florian Groher
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Biology, Schnittspahnstrasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sabrina Steinwand
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt (M), Germany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt (M), Germany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt (M), Germany
| | - Beatrix Suess
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Biology, Schnittspahnstrasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Maron J, Gomes de Matos E, Piontek D, Kraus L, Pogarell O. Exploring socio-economic inequalities in the use of medicines: is the relation mediated by health status? Public Health 2019; 169:1-9. [PMID: 30771720 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated mediating effects of the health status on the association between socio-economic status (SES) and medicine use. It was hypothesized that more privileged people show a reduced use of medicines, as compared with the underprivileged, because of their superior health status. It was further hypothesized that people may apply medication based on their type of health complaint (ill physical versus mental status). STUDY DESIGN Data were taken from the 2012 German Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse, a nationally representative cross-sectional study of n = 9084 individuals of the German general population aged 18-64 years. METHODS Direct and indirect effects of SES on weekly use of analgesics and sedatives/hypnotics were examined by applying generalized structural equation modeling. Self-rated physical and mental health statuses were considered as potential mediators. SES was measured by using educational level as a proxy. All analyses were gender-stratified. RESULTS Among men, both physical and mental health mediated the path from SES to the use of analgesics and sedatives/hypnotics, respectively, with a stronger effect of physical health on analgesic use and mental health on sedative/hypnotic use. These effects were only partially found among women. CONCLUSIONS Social inequalities in health seem to have substantial impact on the prevalence of medicine use. Identification and elimination of the reasons for poor health among people of low SES may, therefore, not only help to reduce health inequalities directly. A decline in the use of medicines would also result in less side-effects and a reduced number of people with medicine-related misuse and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Maron
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Department of Epidemiology and Diagnostics, Leopoldstr. 175, 80804 Munich, Germany; LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - E Gomes de Matos
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Department of Epidemiology and Diagnostics, Leopoldstr. 175, 80804 Munich, Germany.
| | - D Piontek
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Department of Epidemiology and Diagnostics, Leopoldstr. 175, 80804 Munich, Germany.
| | - L Kraus
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Department of Epidemiology and Diagnostics, Leopoldstr. 175, 80804 Munich, Germany; Stockholm University, Department for Public Health Sciences, Sveavägen 160, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Kazinczy utca 23-27, Hungary.
| | - O Pogarell
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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13
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Waldhauer J, Moor I, Rathmann K, Richter M, Orth B, Piontek D, Kraus L, Zeiher J, Lampert T, Kuntz B. Trends in educational inequalities in smoking among adolescents in Germany since the early 2000s. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx189.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - I Moor
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - K Rathmann
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Richter
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - B Orth
- Federal Centre for Health Education, Cologne, Germany
| | - D Piontek
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany
| | - L Kraus
- Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Zeiher
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Lampert
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Kuntz
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Bismarck D, Kraus L, Martinez Y. The aromatogram – the method matters. Am J Transl Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Bismarck
- Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, Bad Kissingen, Germany
| | - L Kraus
- Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften Coburg, Coburg, Germany
| | - Y Martinez
- Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, Bad Kissingen, Germany
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Gomes de Matos E, Piontek D, Atzendorf J, Kroeger C, Kraus L. The use of e-cigarettes and its link to smoking in the German general population. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw166.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Gomes de Matos E, Kraus L, Soellner R, Piontek D. Drinking patterns and alcohol-related harm: Disentangling their association by socio-economic status. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw172.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Buchholz A, Kahl B, Piontek D, Friedrichs A, Röhrig J, Rist F, Berner M, Kraus L. Adaption und empirische Prüfung einer Zuweisungsleitlinie für die Weiterbehandlung nach dem qualifizierten Alkoholentzug: Studiendesign und Ergebnisse zur Machbarkeit. Suchttherapie 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1557507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Grüne B, Sleczka P, Braun B, Bühringer G, Kraus L. Katamnese Studie zu Beratung und Behandlung von Glücksspielproblemen – Design und erste Ergebnisse der MitarbeiterInnen-Befragung. Suchttherapie 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1557641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zimmermann U, Groß C, Reis O, Piontek D, Kraus L. Suchtmittelkonsum und Delinquenz im Langzeitverlauf nach jugendlichen Alkoholvergiftungen. Suchttherapie 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1557560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gomes de Matos E, Piontek D, Hannemann TV, Kraus L. Cross-cultural variation in the association between socio-economic family background and adolescents’ alcohol use. Eur J Public Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cku164.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Kraus
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München
| | - D. Piontek
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München
| | | | - J. Rehm
- Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden
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Mehta D, Newport DJ, Frishman G, Kraus L, Rex-Haffner M, Ritchie JC, Lori A, Knight BT, Stagnaro E, Ruepp A, Stowe ZN, Binder EB. Early predictive biomarkers for postpartum depression point to a role for estrogen receptor signaling. Psychol Med 2014; 44:2309-2322. [PMID: 24495551 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713003231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression (PPD) affects approximately 13% of women and has a negative impact on mother and infant, hence reliable biological tests for early detection of PPD are essential. We aimed to identify robust predictive biomarkers for PPD using peripheral blood gene expression profiles in a hypothesis-free genome-wide study in a high-risk, longitudinal cohort. METHOD We performed a genome-wide association study in a longitudinal discovery cohort comprising 62 women with psychopathology. Gene expression and hormones were measured in the first and third pregnancy trimesters and early postpartum (201 samples). The replication cohort comprised 24 women with third pregnancy trimester gene expression measures. Gene expression was measured on Illumina-Human HT12 v4 microarrays. Plasma estradiol and estriol were measured. Statistical analysis was performed in R. RESULTS We identified 116 transcripts differentially expressed between the PPD and euthymic women during the third trimester that allowed prediction of PPD with an accuracy of 88% in both discovery and replication cohorts. Within these transcripts, significant enrichment of transcripts implicated that estrogen signaling was observed and such enrichment was also evident when analysing published gene expression data predicting PPD from a non-risk cohort. While plasma estrogen levels were not different across groups, women with PPD displayed an increased sensitivity to estrogen signaling, confirming the previously proposed hypothesis of increased sex-steroid sensitivity as a susceptibility factor for PPD. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PPD can be robustly predicted in currently euthymic women as early as the third trimester and these findings have implications for predictive testing of high-risk women and prevention and treatment for PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mehta
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich,Germany
| | - D J Newport
- Emory University School of Medicine,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA,USA
| | - G Frishman
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg,Germany
| | - L Kraus
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich,Germany
| | | | - J C Ritchie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,Emory University,Atlanta, GA,USA
| | - A Lori
- Department of Human Genetics,Emory University,Atlanta, GA,USA
| | - B T Knight
- Psychiatry Research Institute,University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences,Little Rock, AR,USA
| | - E Stagnaro
- Emory University School of Medicine,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA,USA
| | - A Ruepp
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg,Germany
| | - Z N Stowe
- Psychiatry Research Institute,University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences,Little Rock, AR,USA
| | - E B Binder
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich,Germany
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Rehm J, Anderson P, Gual A, Kraus L, Marmet S, Nutt DJ, Room R, Samokhvalov AV, Scafato E, Shield KD, Trapencieris M, Wiers RW, Gmel G. The Tangible Common Denominator of Substance Use Disorders: A Reply to Commentaries to Rehm et al. (2013a). Alcohol Alcohol 2013; 49:118-22. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agt171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Friedrichs A, Kraus L, Berner M, Schippers G, Broekman T, Rist F, Piontek D, Röhrig J, Buchholz A. Adaption einer niederländischen Zuweisungsleitlinie für Patienten nach qualifiziertem Alkoholentzug – Ergebnisse einer Delphi-Befragung. Suchttherapie 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1354394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Friedrichs
- Institut und Poliklinik für Medizinische Psychologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - L. Kraus
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München
| | - M. Berner
- Abteilung für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
| | - G. Schippers
- Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research (AIAR), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - F. Rist
- Institut für Klinische Psychologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
| | - D. Piontek
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München
| | - J. Röhrig
- Abteilung für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
| | - A. Buchholz
- Institut und Poliklinik für Medizinische Psychologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
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Rehm J, Marmet S, Anderson P, Gual A, Kraus L, Nutt DJ, Room R, Samokhvalov AV, Scafato E, Trapencieris M, Wiers RW, Gmel G. Defining Substance Use Disorders: Do We Really Need More Than Heavy Use? Alcohol Alcohol 2013; 48:633-40. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agt127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Braun B, Ludwig M, Kraus L, Kroher M, Bühringer G. Ambulante Suchthilfe für pathologische Glücksspieler in Bayern: Passung zwischen Behandlungsbedarf und -angebot. Suchttherapie 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1323802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Braun
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München
| | - M. Ludwig
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München
| | - L. Kraus
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München
| | - M. Kroher
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München
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Kraus L, Hannemann TV, Pabst A, Müller S, Kronthaler F, Grübl A, Stürmer M, Wolstein J. Stationäre Behandlung von Jugendlichen mit akuter Alkoholintoxikation: Die Spitze des Eisbergs? Gesundheitswesen 2012; 75:456-64. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1321755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Kraus
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München
| | | | - A. Pabst
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München
| | - S. Müller
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München
| | | | - A. Grübl
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Klinikum Schwabing, Städtisches Klinikum München GmbH
| | - M. Stürmer
- Bayerische Akademie für Suchtfragen, München
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Küfner H, Bühringer G, Kraus L, Künzel J. Evaluierung der Novelle Spielverordnung: Ausgewählte Ergebnisse. Suchttherapie 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1284494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Bucaro JA, Kraus L, Houston BH, Simpson H, Sarkissian A. Forward scatter target strength extraction in a marine environment (L). J Acoust Soc Am 2011; 129:3453-3456. [PMID: 21682369 DOI: 10.1121/1.3589251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A 48 m rail with a moving receiver was used to measure forward scattering from a spherical shell lying on the bottom in the Gulf of Mexico. The target was mid-way between the source and rail, on a line from the source bisecting the rail. The major obstacle to the measurement of forward scattering is the much stronger source signal which overlaps the scattered signal in space and time. Here, forward scattered target strength is obtained by processing the received signals using a wavenumber filter to remove the incident wave. The result compares favorably to that obtained from numerical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Bucaro
- Excet, Incorporated, 8001 Braddock Road, Suite 105, Springfield, Virginia 22151, USA.
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Dey S, Sarkissian A, Simpson H, Houston BH, Bulat FA, Kraus L, Saniga M, Bucaro JA. Structural-acoustic modeling for three-dimensional freefield and littoral environments with verification and validation. J Acoust Soc Am 2011; 129:2979-2990. [PMID: 21568401 DOI: 10.1121/1.3569729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a high-order, finite-element-based, three-dimensional time-harmonic model for large-scale exterior structural-acoustics problems. It is applicable to both freefield and littoral environments. For the freefield case, the infinite exterior is treated as a homogeneous linear acoustic medium. For littoral applications, the water or air and the sediment domains are each treated as linear homogeneous, semi-infinite half-spaces with piecewise-constant properties. Both domains admit complex-valued wave speeds to enable the inclusion of damping. The finite element formulation uses a variational statement which naturally incorporates the transmission-condition at the water or air-sediment interface. The truncation of the infinite exterior is realized using an infinite-element for the freefield case, and the perfectly-matched-layer approximation for littoral applications. Computation of the farfield quantities is done based on an integral representation which, for the littoral cases, uses efficient approximations for the appropriate Green's function. Numerical computations are presented for a series of progressively more complex problems, and are used to verify the model against analytic and other numerical solutions and validate it based on the experimental data for scattering from elastic scatterers as measured in freefield and sediment pool laboratory facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dey
- Naval Research Laboratory, Code 7131, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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Pohla-Gubo G, Kraus L, Hintner H. Role of immunofluorescence microscopy in dermatology. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2011; 146:127-142. [PMID: 21505398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper gives a survey about most of the dermatological and infectious cutaneous diseases in which immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy is an important, often decisive tool to reach diagnosis. In tabular form, bullous autoimmune disorders such as pemphigus and pemphigoid diseases, connective tissue diseases, vasculitides, mechanobullous disorders and cutaneous infectious agents and the respective IF findings are listed. Different IF methods and especially important aspects such as taking a biopsy at the right spot or how to send samples are described. Clinical pictures of a broad spectrum of cutaneous diseases are set in combination with the IF microscopic results and the value of special but still routine investigations such as the salt split skin test (SSST) or the antigen mapping (AM) method is demonstrated especially in a set of identical or atypical clinical pictures. Immunofluorescence microscopy has not lost it´s value and should be performed in each dermatological centre in the sense of "Do not miss a diagnosis by not performing IF!"
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pohla-Gubo
- Laboratory for Immunology, Allergology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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Bucaro JA, Houston BH, Simpson H, Dragonette LR, Kraus L, Yoder T. Exploiting forward scattering for detecting submerged proud/half-buried unexploded ordnance. J Acoust Soc Am 2009; 126:EL171-EL176. [PMID: 20000890 DOI: 10.1121/1.3253683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory underwater bistatic scattering measurements are reported for free, proud, and half-buried unexploded ordnances for 0 degrees and 90 degrees source angles. Forward echoes are larger than backscattered returns, and half burial significantly decreases the latter but not the former. Results agree with analytic predictions borrowed from radar. The forward echo and source signal are separated by measurements made with and without the target, a method not possible in a target search. For this, a method is described that uses knowledge of the source location and the hyperbolic character in time-cross range of the signals received at points along a line.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Bucaro
- Excet, Inc., Springfield, Virginia 22151, USA.
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Kraus L, Piontek D. Jugendsurveys zum Substanzkonsum in Deutschland: hohe Nützlichkeit, geringe Nutzung. Suchttherapie 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1242740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Piontek D, Kraus L, Pabst A, Müller S, Legleye S. Verbreitung und Einflussfaktoren cannabis-bezogener Probleme bei Jugendlichen. Ergebnisse der Europäischen Schülerstudie zu Alkohol und anderen Drogen (ESPAD) in Deutschland. Suchttherapie 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1241816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bucaro JA, Simpson H, Kraus L, Dragonette LR, Yoder T, Houston BH. Bistatic scattering from submerged unexploded ordnance lying on a sediment. J Acoust Soc Am 2009; 126:2315-2323. [PMID: 19894814 DOI: 10.1121/1.3212920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The broadband bistatic target strengths (TSs) of two submerged unexploded ordnance (UXO) targets have been measured in the NRL sediment pool facility. The targets-a 5 in. rocket and a 155 mm projectile-were among the targets whose monostatic TSs were measured and reported previously by the authors. Bistatic TS measurements were made for 0 degrees (target front) and 90 degrees (target side) incident source directions, and include both backscattered and forward scattered echo angles over a complete 360 degrees with the targets placed proud of the sediment surface. For the two source angles used, each target exhibits two strong highlights: a backscattered specular-like echo and a forward scattered response. The TS levels of the former are shown to agree reasonably well with predictions, based on scattering from rigid disks and cylinders, while the levels of the latter with predictions from radar cross section models, based on simple geometric optics appropriately modified. The bistatic TS levels observed for the proud case provide comparable or higher levels of broadband TS relative to free-field monostatic measurements. It is concluded that access to bistatic echo information in operations aimed at detecting submerged UXO targets could provide an important capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Bucaro
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
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Plant M, Miller P, Plant M, Kuntsche S, Gmel G, Ahlström WS, Allamani A, Beck F, Bergmark K, Bloomfield K, Csémy L, Elekes Z, Knibbe R, Kraus L, Ólafsdóttir H, Rossow I, Vidal A. Marriage, cohabitation and alcohol consumption in young adults: an international exploration. Journal of Substance Use 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/14659890701820028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Müller S, Pabst A, Kronthaler F, Grübl A, Kraus L, Burdach S, Tretter F. [Acute alcohol intoxication in adolescents: preliminary results of a pilot project in Munich]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009; 134:1101-5. [PMID: 19437373 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1222574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present preliminary results of a pilot project on the prevention of alcohol-associated problems in adolescents with acute alcohol intoxication. METHOD Questionnaires were filled in by 110 of 128 adolescents (85.9% response rate) who had been admitted to a hospital in Munich, Germany, between December 2007 and July 2008, because of alcohol intoxication. Data were obtained on sociodemographic characteristics, alcohol intoxication and drinking patterns, and were analysed using descriptive methods. RESULTS Half of these adolescents mainly suffered from moderate to severe degrees of alcohol intoxication. Drinking patterns leading to alcohol intoxication were characterized by relatively low drinking frequency interspersed by episodes of excessive alcohol intake (binge drinking). Thirteen (14.8%) of the adolescents reported previous hospital admissions for alcohol intoxication, nine (17.3%) did not know about the life-threatening danger of alcohol intoxication and twelve (22.2%) reported taking illegal drugs within the last 12 months. CONCLUSION Adolescents who had been admitted to hospital because of alcohol intoxication had a drinking pattern which put them at a higher risk for alcohol intoxication and acute alcohol-related problems than adolescents in the general population. Re-admission to hospital within 12 months because of alcohol intoxication, revealing a lack of knowledge about the life-threatening danger of alcohol intoxications and of consuming illegal drugs, may indicate an increased risk for alcohol-related problems. This points to the need for preventive action in adolescents showing these indicators, a need that was met within this pilot project by brief intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Müller
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München.
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Kraus L, Baumeister SE, Pabst A, Orth B. Association of Average Daily Alcohol Consumption, Binge Drinking and Alcohol-Related Social Problems: Results from the German Epidemiological Surveys of Substance Abuse. Alcohol Alcohol 2009; 44:314-20. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agn110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Bucaro JA, Houston BH, Saniga M, Dragonette LR, Yoder T, Dey S, Kraus L, Carin L. Broadband acoustic scattering measurements of underwater unexploded ordnance (UXO). J Acoust Soc Am 2008; 123:738-746. [PMID: 18247878 DOI: 10.1121/1.2821794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the potential for detection and identification of underwater unexploded ordnance (UXO) by exploiting their structural acoustic response, we carried out broadband monostatic scattering measurements over a full 360 degrees on UXO's (two mortar rounds, an artillery shell, and a rocket warhead) and false targets (a cinder block and a large rock). The measurement band, 1-140 kHz, includes a low frequency structural acoustics region in which the wavelengths are comparable to or larger than the target characteristic dimensions. In general, there are aspects that provide relatively high target strength levels ( approximately -10 to -15 dB), and from our experience the targets should be detectable in this structural acoustics band in most acoustic environments. The rigid body scattering was also calculated for one UXO in order to highlight the measured scattering features involving elastic responses. The broadband scattering data should be able to support feature-based separation of UXO versus false targets and identification of various classes of UXO as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Bucaro
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA.
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Wortmann S, Sbiera S, Kuehner D, Wobser M, Adam P, Kraus L, Becker JC, Allolio B, Fassnacht M. Survivin – a promising target for immunotherapy in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-972203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Klika Z, Kraus L, Vopálka D. Cesium uptake from aqueous solutions by bentonite: a comparison of multicomponent sorption with ion-exchange models. Langmuir 2007; 23:1227-33. [PMID: 17241037 DOI: 10.1021/la062080b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The removal of cesium from concentrated aqueous solutions into Ca/Mg-bentonite for a wide range of bentonite-to-water (m/V) ratios was studied experimentally and theoretically. Using the batch technique, the equilibrium of Cs uptake was measured. The nonlinear character of cesium sorption substantially influenced by the m/V ratio was observed. The experimental data were evaluated using the multicomponent Langmuir isotherm and an ion-exchange model based on the ion-exchange reaction between Cs+ and M2+ (Ca2+/Mg2+) initially sorbed on bentonite. Constants k1,Cs = 0.521 mmol.g-1, k2,Cs = 968 L.mol-1, and k2,M = 592 L.mol-1 were obtained for Cs uptake described by multicomponent Langmuir isotherm. For the ion-exchange model, the thermodynamic equilibrium constant K = 75.5 mL.g-1 with a standard deviation of sK = 17.4 mL.g-1 was determined. Using the t test, the calculated data of multicomponent Langmuir and ion-exchange isotherms were fit to experimental data, and the best agreement was obtained for the ion-exchange model. The results show that Cs uptake by bentonite could be substantially decreased in systems with a high bentonite-to-water (m/V) ratio as a consequence of the presence of desorbed divalent cations in the liquid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Klika
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Material Testing, VSB-Technical University Ostrava, 17 listopadu 15, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
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Uhl A, Kraus L. Substanzkonsum und Sterblichkeit: Das Dilemma der Kausalität. Suchttherapie 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-927287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kraus L, Uhl A. Wie nahe kommt die Forschungsrealität dem Wunsch, kausale Beziehungen zwischen Substanzkonsum und Tod herzustellen? Suchttherapie 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-927285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
This article analyses drug-related deaths in the German Federal States of Bavaria (Munich, Nuremberg and Augsburg counties) during 1999 and Baden-Wurttemberg (Stuttgart and Mannheim counties) during 1999 and in the first half of 2000. The persons who had been in contact with drug care services were studied for psychosocial stress preceding drug-related deaths. Epidemiological data from different sources (police, relatives, counselling centres, detoxification clinics, therapy and substitution treatment) were collated to estimate factors of psychosocial stress preceding drug deaths. The results in both Laender indicate high prevalence rates of a history of at least one non-fatal overdose (approx. 50%) or a suicide attempt (approx. 35%). More than 40% of the deceased had been suffering from at least one additional mental disorder, in most cases from depression. At least one critical life event (in most cases, a relapse) or a period of abstinence (i.e., due to imprisonment, therapy or detoxification) during the past three months before death was reported for more than half of the addicts. The results were discussed in the light of data on opiate users and the general population. Improved specialist training of therapeutic and medical workers as well as of any other co-operating professionals is considered a necessary prerequisite for an early detection of risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kraus
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München, Germany.
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Kraus L, Augustin R, Bloomfield K, Reese A. [The influence of regional differences in drinking style on hazardous use, excessive drinking, abuse and dependence]. Gesundheitswesen 2001; 63:775-82. [PMID: 11735072 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-18810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research in Germany identified a "north-south" gradient in the hazardous use of alcoholic drinks, but this had methodological limitations. The present study estimates the hazardous use of alcohol more reliably. In addition, regional differences in drinking style and their relation to indicators of problematic alcohol use are examined. METHODS Data are from 1995 and 1997 representative samples of the non-institutionalised German general population aged 18 to 59 years. Based on 15,017 complete observations prevalence rates for abstinence, hazardous consumption (>30 g ethanol per day for men; >20 g ethanol per day for women), two or more CAGE-symptoms, and heavy episodic drinking (5+ drinks consumed in a day) were calculated and a cluster analysis was performed with regard to the 16 German federal states. RESULTS Regional differences exist in the prevalence of abstinence and hazardous drinking, but a "north-south" gradient was not evident. However, cluster analysis results suggest a "north-south" difference in drinking style, i.e. the quantity-frequency pattern of beer, wine, and spirits consumption. Compared with the northern German federal states, those in the south experienced more beer and less wine and spirits consumption in combination with a lower frequency of drinking beer and spirits. No cluster difference was found for hazardous drinking, lifetime prevalence of 2+ CAGE items or consumption of 5+ drinks in a day. Yet, mean consumption of ethanol was significantly higher in the north. CONCLUSIONS Research suggesting more hazardous consumption in southern Germany must be tempered by these findings that found no 'north-south' gradient in several different indicators of problematic alcohol use. Different drinking styles in northern and southern states do not result in differences concerning prevalence of binge drinking nor alcohol-related problems. Drinking style only made a difference in the mean consumption of ethanol. Methodological differences between the reported studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kraus
- Institut für Therapieforschung, München, Germany.
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Abstract
AIMS The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) has produced methodological guidelines for national drug prevalence estimation. This paper pilots the methods to estimate prevalence for Great Britain and provides a commentary on the methods and resulting estimates. DESIGN Three types of methodology were used to estimate prevalence: (a) the multiple indicator (MI) method, (b) multipliers applied to (i) drug-treatment records (ii) HIV estimates and (iii) mortality statistics and (c) the British/Scottish Crime Surveys. SETTING England, Scotland and Wales. PARTICIPANTS Aggregated data on people recorded on databases and respondents in household surveys. MEASUREMENTS Prevalence estimates of different forms of problematic drug use. FINDINGS The estimates are 161,133 (range: 120,850-241,700) for people at risk of mortality due to drug overdose; 161,000-169,000 for people who have ever injected drugs; 202,000 (range: 162,000-244,000) problem opiate users and 268,000 problem drug users (all types). CONCLUSIONS The multiple indicator method offers a comprehensive approach to estimating the prevalence of problematic drug use in the United Kingdom. Simple multiplier methods and household surveys also provide a range of estimates corresponding to different types of drug use in the United Kingdom. The current study suggests that previous national estimates of 100,000-200,000 were conservative. The new estimate of 161,000-266,000 should enable a more focused response. For further development of this method, reliable and timely estimates of anchor points are required for specific geographical areas such as cities or Drug Action Teams (DAT), as well as routine aggregation of drug indicators for these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Frischer
- Department of Medicines Management, Primary Care Research Centre, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK.
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