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Huth-Bocks A, Franz S, Berglund PA, Schroeder HM, Staples AD, Raghunathan T, Warschausky S, Taylor HG, LeDoux G, Dieter L, Rosenblum K, Lajiness-O'Neill R. Measuring Early Relational Health Using PediaTrac TM in a Diverse Sample of Infant-Caregiver Dyads. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2024:00004703-990000000-00156. [PMID: 38382069 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000001248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early relational health (ERH) is a key developmental predictor and outcome in infancy and early childhood that reflects social-emotional well-being and promotes resilience throughout childhood. Currently, there is no gold-standard developmental screening tool for ERH in pediatric care settings. This study examined the psychometric properties of items assessing ERH that are part of a web-based, caregiver-report screening tool called PediaTrac TM . It was hypothesized that ERH could be reliably estimated and that second-order factors would be revealed within the latent construct ERH. METHOD Participants included 571 caregivers of term (n = 331; ≥37 weeks) and preterm (n = 240; <37 weeks) infants recruited shortly after birth from several academic medical centers and a community health clinic. Caregivers completed PediaTrac modules at birth and 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 months; data for this study are from the newborn through 12-month periods. RESULTS Results from Item Response Theory Graded Response Modeling revealed excellent reliability for the PediaTrac ERH domain at all time points, ranging from 0.96 to 0.98. Exploratory factor analyses revealed 4 to 5 second-order factors, representing Parent-Child Relationship, Parent Distress, Parenting Stress, Parenting Efficacy, Sensitivity, and Perceptions of Child, depending on period. CONCLUSION The caregiver-report developmental screening tool, PediaTrac, reliably measures ERH during the first year of life. The measure has promising clinical utility in pediatric clinic settings for tracking ERH over time to ensure early social-emotional well-being and to identify concerns as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Huth-Bocks
- The Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Division of Research, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Shannon Franz
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan/Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | - Angela D Staples
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI
| | | | - Seth Warschausky
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan/Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - H Gerry Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Gabrielle LeDoux
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI
| | - Lesa Dieter
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Katherine Rosenblum
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan/Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
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2
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Ho AMC, Winham SJ, Armasu SM, Blacker CJ, Millischer V, Lavebratt C, Overholser JC, Jurjus GJ, Dieter L, Mahajan G, Rajkowska G, Vallender EJ, Stockmeier CA, Robertson KD, Frye MA, Choi DS, Veldic M. Genome-wide DNA methylomic differences between dorsolateral prefrontal and temporal pole cortices of bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 117:45-54. [PMID: 31279243 PMCID: PMC6941851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and temporal pole (TP) are brain regions that display abnormalities in bipolar disorder (BD) patients. DNA methylation - an epigenetic mechanism both heritable and sensitive to the environment - may be involved in the pathophysiology of BD. To study BD-associated DNA methylomic differences in these brain regions, we extracted genomic DNA from the postmortem tissues of Brodmann Area (BA) 9 (DLPFC) and BA38 (TP) gray matter from 20 BD, ten major depression (MDD), and ten control age-and-sex-matched subjects. Genome-wide methylation levels were measured using the 850 K Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip. We detected striking differences between cortical regions, with greater numbers of between-brain-region differentially methylated positions (DMPs; i.e., CpG sites) in all groups, most pronounced in the BD group, and with substantial overlap across groups. The genes of DMPs common to both BD and MDD (hypothetically associated with their common features such as depression) and those distinct to BD (hypothetically associated with BD-specific features such as mania) were enriched in pathways involved in neurodevelopment including axon guidance. Pathways enriched only in the BD-MDD shared list pointed to GABAergic dysregulation, while those enriched in the BD-only list suggested glutamatergic dysregulation and greater impact on synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. We further detected group-specific between-brain-region gene expression differences in ODC1, CALY, GALNT2, and GABRD, which contained significant between-brain-region DMPs. In each brain region, no significant DMPs or differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were found between diagnostic groups. In summary, the methylation differences between DLPFC and TP may provide molecular targets for further investigations of genetic and environmental vulnerabilities associated with both unique and common features of various mood disorders and suggest directions of future development of individualized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada M.-C. Ho
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental
Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stacey J. Winham
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Caren J. Blacker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vincent Millischer
- Department for Molecular Medicine and Surgery (MMK),
Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University
Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department for Molecular Medicine and Surgery (MMK),
Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University
Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James C. Overholser
- Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - George J. Jurjus
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, OH, USA,Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH,
USA
| | - Lesa Dieter
- Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gouri Mahajan
- Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi
Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Grazyna Rajkowska
- Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi
Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Eric J. Vallender
- Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi
Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Craig A. Stockmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, OH, USA,Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi
Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Keith D. Robertson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental
Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark A. Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental
Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marin Veldic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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3
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Athey A, Overholser J, Bagge C, Dieter L, Vallender E, Stockmeier CA. Risk-taking behaviors and stressors differentially predict suicidal preparation, non-fatal suicide attempts, and suicide deaths. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:160-167. [PMID: 30253320 PMCID: PMC6292776 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Negative life events are elevated in suicidal populations. Diathesis-stress and kindling effects models suggest different mechanisms by which negative life events increase suicide risk. Different forms of negative life events - risk-taking behaviors and stressors - may have different effects on non-fatal suicide attempts and suicide. We assessed the effects of risk-taking behaviors and stressors on suicide, history of non-fatal suicide attempts, and active preparation for suicide in a sample of adults who died by suicide or other causes (N = 377). Psychological autopsy procedures using family member interviews and collateral record review were used to complete a risk-taking behaviors composite measure from the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders, the Modified Life Experiences Scale, and the planning subscale of the Suicide Intent Scale. Stressors were significantly associated with death by suicide, even when accounting for demographic and diagnostic characteristics. Risk-taking behaviors were significantly associated with non-fatal suicide attempts, even when accounting for demographic and diagnostic characteristics. Suicide decedents who did not actively prepare for suicide showed significantly higher risk-taking scores than suicide decedents who actively planned for suicide. Our results suggest that risk-taking behaviors and stressors impact suicide risk through separate mechanisms. Risk-taking behaviors may represent a longstanding vulnerability to act impulsively on suicidal thoughts. Stressors may impact risk for fatal suicidal behaviors in mood disordered populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Athey
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 11220 Bellflower Road Cleveland, OH 44106-7123, USA.
| | - James Overholser
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 11220 Bellflower Road Cleveland, OH 44106-7123, USA.
| | - Courtney Bagge
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Lesa Dieter
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 11220 Bellflower Road Cleveland, OH 44106-7123, USA.
| | - Eric Vallender
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Craig A. Stockmeier
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 11220 Bellflower Road Cleveland, OH 44106-7123, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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4
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Mahajan GJ, Vallender EJ, Garrett MR, Challagundla L, Overholser JC, Jurjus G, Dieter L, Syed M, Romero DG, Benghuzzi H, Stockmeier CA. Altered neuro-inflammatory gene expression in hippocampus in major depressive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 82:177-186. [PMID: 29175309 PMCID: PMC5801125 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder for which available medications are often not effective. The high prevalence of MDD and modest response to existing therapies compels efforts to better understand and treat the disorder. Decreased hippocampal volume with increasing duration of depression suggests altered gene expression or even a decrease in neurogenesis. Tissue punches from the dentate gyrus were collected postmortem from 23 subjects with MDD and 23 psychiatrically-normal control subjects. Total RNA was isolated and whole transcriptome paired-end RNA-sequencing was performed using an Illumina NextSeq 500. For each sample, raw RNA-seq reads were aligned to the Ensembl GRCh38 human reference genome. Analysis revealed 30 genes differentially expressed in MDD compared to controls (FDR<0.05). Down-regulated genes included several with inflammatory function (ISG15, IFI44L, IFI6, NR4A1/Nur-77) and GABBR1 while up-regulated genes included several with cytokine function (CCL2/MCP-1), inhibitors of angiogenesis (ADM, ADAMTS9), and the KANSL1 gene, a histone acetyltransferase. Similar analyses of specific subsets of MDD subjects (suicide vs. non-suicide, single vs. multiple episodes) yielded similar, though not identical, results. Enrichment analysis identified an over-representation of inflammatory and neurogenesis-related (ERK/MAPK) signaling pathways significantly altered in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in MDD. Together, these data implicate neuro-inflammation as playing a crucial role in MDD. These findings support continued efforts to identify adjunctive approaches towards the treatment of MDD with drugs including anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouri J Mahajan
- Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Eric J Vallender
- Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | | | - George Jurjus
- Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lesa Dieter
- Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maryam Syed
- Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Damian G Romero
- Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Hamed Benghuzzi
- Diagnostic and Clinical Health Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Craig A Stockmeier
- Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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5
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Abstract
The present study explored gender differences in suicidal methods, aiming to identify ways to improve our identification of individuals at risk for suicide. Preferred suicide methods vary by demographics; however, method-specific risk factors have not been consistently identified. All suicidal deaths (N=2,347) in a large urban county were identified over a 15-year period (1994-2008). The majority of men used shooting and hanging. In contrast, women relied on a variety of methods, including self-poisoning, shooting, hanging, and carbon monoxide poisoning. Significant demographic differences are evident among individuals who die by shooting and self-poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Fisher
- a Department of Psychology , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , Ohio , USA
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6
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Rubinow MJ, Mahajan G, May W, Overholser JC, Jurjus GJ, Dieter L, Herbst N, Steffens DC, Miguel-Hidalgo JJ, Rajkowska G, Stockmeier CA. Basolateral amygdala volume and cell numbers in major depressive disorder: a postmortem stereological study. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 221:171-84. [PMID: 25287512 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Functional imaging studies consistently report abnormal amygdala activity in major depressive disorder (MDD). Neuroanatomical correlates are less clear: imaging studies have produced mixed results on amygdala volume, and postmortem neuroanatomic studies have only examined cell densities in portions of the amygdala or its subregions in MDD. Here, we present a stereological analysis of the volume of, and the total number of, neurons, glia, and neurovascular (pericyte and endothelial) cells in the basolateral amygdala in MDD. Postmortem tissues from 13 subjects with MDD and 10 controls were examined. Sections (~15/subject) taken throughout the rostral-caudal extent of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) were stained for Nissl substance and utilized for stereological estimation of volume and cell numbers. Results indicate that depressed subjects had a larger lateral nucleus than controls and a greater number of total BLA neurovascular cells than controls. There were no differences in the number or density of neurons or glia between depressed and control subjects. These findings present a more detailed picture of BLA cellular anatomy in depression than has previously been available. Further studies are needed to determine whether the greater number of neurovascular cells in depressed subjects may be related to increased amygdala activity in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa J Rubinow
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
| | - Gouri Mahajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
| | - Warren May
- Department of Medicine, Center of Biostatistics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
| | - James C Overholser
- Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - George J Jurjus
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Cleveland VA Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Lesa Dieter
- Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Nicole Herbst
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - David C Steffens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - Jose J Miguel-Hidalgo
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
| | - Grazyna Rajkowska
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
| | - Craig A Stockmeier
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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7
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Cobb JA, Simpson J, Mahajan GJ, Overholser JC, Jurjus GJ, Dieter L, Herbst N, May W, Rajkowska G, Stockmeier CA. Hippocampal volume and total cell numbers in major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2013; 47. [PMID: 23201228 PMCID: PMC3757567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging consistently reveals smaller hippocampal volume in recurrent or chronic major depressive disorder (MDD). The underlying cellular correlates of the smaller volume are not clearly known. Postmortem tissues from 17 pairs of depressed and control subjects were obtained at autopsy, and informant-based retrospective psychiatric assessment was performed. Formalin-fixed left temporal lobes were sectioned (40 μm), stained for Nissl substance, and every 60th section selected throughout the entire hippocampus. Total volume of the hippocampal formation was calculated, and total numbers of pyramidal neurons (in hippocampal fields CA1, CA2/3, hilus), dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells, and glial cells were estimated stereologically. While hippocampal volume in all MDD subjects was not significantly smaller versus control subjects, in recurrent/chronic MDD, total volume decreased with duration of depressive illness (r = -0.696, p < 0.026). There was no significant difference between MDD and controls in total number or density of pyramidal neurons/granule cells or glial cells in CA1, CA2/3, hilus, or DG. However, CA1 pyramidal neuron density increased with duration of illness in recurrent/chronic MDD (r = 0.840, p < 0.002). Granule cell (r = 0.971, p < 0.002) and glial cell numbers (r = 0.980, p < 0.001) increased with age in those taking antidepressant medication (n = 6). Increasing DG granule cell and glial cell numbers with age in antidepressant-treated subjects may reflect proliferative effects of antidepressant medications. Decreasing total volume and increasing CA1 pyramidal neuron density with duration of illness in recurrent/chronic MDD lends support to the neuropil hypothesis of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A. Cobb
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA,CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Justin A. Cobb, University of Mississippi Medical Center, fax +1 601 984 5899,
| | - Joy Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Gouri J. Mahajan
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - James C. Overholser
- Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - George J. Jurjus
- Department of Psychiatry, Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Lesa Dieter
- Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nicole Herbst
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Warren May
- Center of Biostatistics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Grazyna Rajkowska
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Craig A. Stockmeier
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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8
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Zhu H, Urban DJ, Blashka J, McPheeters MT, Kroeze WK, Mieczkowski P, Overholser JC, Jurjus GJ, Dieter L, Mahajan GJ, Rajkowska G, Wang Z, Sullivan PF, Stockmeier CA, Roth BL. Quantitative analysis of focused a-to-I RNA editing sites by ultra-high-throughput sequencing in psychiatric disorders. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43227. [PMID: 22912834 PMCID: PMC3422315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A-to-I RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification of single nucleotides in RNA by adenosine deamination, which thereby diversifies the gene products encoded in the genome. Thousands of potential RNA editing sites have been identified by recent studies (e.g. see Li et al, Science 2009); however, only a handful of these sites have been independently confirmed. Here, we systematically and quantitatively examined 109 putative coding region A-to-I RNA editing sites in three sets of normal human brain samples by ultra-high-throughput sequencing (uHTS). Forty of 109 putative sites, including 25 previously confirmed sites, were validated as truly edited in our brain samples, suggesting an overestimation of A-to-I RNA editing in these putative sites by Li et al (2009). To evaluate RNA editing in human disease, we analyzed 29 of the confirmed sites in subjects with major depressive disorder and schizophrenia using uHTS. In striking contrast to many prior studies, we did not find significant alterations in the frequency of RNA editing at any of the editing sites in samples from these patients, including within the 5HT2C serotonin receptor (HTR2C). Our results indicate that uHTS is a fast, quantitative and high-throughput method to assess RNA editing in human physiology and disease and that many prior studies of RNA editing may overestimate both the extent and disease-related variability of RNA editing at the sites we examined in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Urban
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jared Blashka
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matthew T. McPheeters
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Wesley K. Kroeze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Piotr Mieczkowski
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - James C. Overholser
- Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - George J. Jurjus
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lesa Dieter
- Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gouri J. Mahajan
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Grazyna Rajkowska
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Zefeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Patrick F. Sullivan
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Craig A. Stockmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Bryan L. Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of suicide risk is a complex task for mental health professionals. Certain demographic groups are associated with completed suicide including males, divorced adults, and Caucasians. However, demographic variables alone provide a crude assessment of suicide risk. Psychiatric diagnosis and recent life events might improve the identification of high-risk individuals. METHOD The current study evaluated 148 individuals who died by suicide compared with 257 adults who died suddenly from accidents or medical problems. Psychological autopsy was used to assess Axis I psychiatric diagnosis and recent stressful life events. RESULTS Suicide completers were significantly more likely than comparison subjects to have a depressive disorder, a substance abuse disorder, and to have experienced interpersonal conflict in the months leading up to their death. A discriminant function analysis revealed that the combination of demographic variables, recent stressful life events, and psychiatric diagnoses best discriminated between suicide completers and comparison subjects. CONCLUSIONS Proper assessment of suicide risk should include a comprehensive evaluation of demographic characteristics, recent life stressors, and psychiatric diagnosis.
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10
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Johnson S, Stockmeier CA, Meyer JH, Austin MC, Albert PR, Wang J, May WL, Rajkowska G, Overholser JC, Jurjus G, Dieter L, Johnson C, Sittman DB, Ou XM. The reduction of R1, a novel repressor protein for monoamine oxidase A, in major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011; 36:2139-48. [PMID: 21654740 PMCID: PMC3158311 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2011.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The novel transcriptional repressor protein, R1 (JPO2/CDCA7L/RAM2), inhibits monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) gene expression and influences cell proliferation and survival. MAO A is implicated in several neuropsychiatric illnesses and highly elevated in major depressive disorder (MDD); however, whether R1 is involved in these disorders is unknown. This study evaluates the role of R1 in depressed subjects either untreated or treated with antidepressant drugs. R1 protein levels were determined in the postmortem prefrontal cortex of 18 untreated MDD subjects and 12 medicated MDD subjects compared with 18 matched psychiatrically normal control subjects. Western blot analysis showed that R1 was significantly decreased by 37.5% (p<0.005) in untreated MDD subjects. The R1 level in medicated MDD subjects was also significantly lower (by 30%; p<0.05) compared with control subjects, but was not significantly different compared with untreated MDD subjects. Interestingly, the reduction in R1 was significantly correlated with an increase (approximately 40%; p<0.05) in MAO A protein levels within the MDD groups compared with controls. Consistent with the change in MAO A protein expression, the MAO A catalytic activity was significantly greater in both MDD groups compared with controls. These results suggest that reduced R1 may lead to elevated MAO A levels in untreated and treated MDD subjects; moreover, the reduction of R1 has been implicated in apoptotic cell death and apoptosis has also been observed in the brains of MDD subjects. Therefore, modulation of R1 levels may provide a new therapeutic target in the development of more effective strategies to treat MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakevia Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Craig A Stockmeier
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Meyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark C Austin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Paul R Albert
- Department of Neuroscience, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Junming Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Warren L May
- Biostatistics Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Grazyna Rajkowska
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - James C Overholser
- Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - George Jurjus
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lesa Dieter
- Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chandra Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Donald B Sittman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Ou
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior (G-109), University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA, Tel: +1 601 984 5893, Fax: +1 601 984 5899, E-mail:
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Miguel-Hidalgo JJ, Overholser JC, Jurjus GJ, Meltzer HY, Dieter L, Konick L, Stockmeier CA, Rajkowska G. Vascular and extravascular immunoreactivity for intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in the orbitofrontal cortex of subjects with major depression: age-dependent changes. J Affect Disord 2011; 132:422-31. [PMID: 21536333 PMCID: PMC3137705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular and immune alterations in the prefrontal cortex may contribute to major depression in elderly subjects. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), major inflammatory mediator in vessels and astrocytes, could be altered in geriatric depression, but little is known about its age-dependent expression in subjects with depression and its relationship to astrocytes identified by the marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), found to be reduced in depression. METHODS We measured the percentage of gray matter area fraction covered by ICAM-1 immunoreactivity in blood vessels and in extravascular accumulations of ICAM-1 immunoreactivity in 19 non-psychiatric comparison subjects and 18 subjects with major depression, all characterized by postmortem psychological diagnosis. Association of extravascular ICAM-1 to GFAP-positive astrocytes was investigated by double-labeling immunofluorescence. RESULTS Vascular and extravascular fractions of ICAM-1 immunoreactivity were lower in subjects with MDD than in non-psychiatric comparison subjects. Non-psychiatric comparison subjects older than 60 experienced dramatic increase in extravascular ICAM-1 immunoreactivity, but this increase was attenuated in elderly subjects with MDD, particularly in those dying by suicide. Most extracellular ICAM-1 immunoreactivity was coextensive with GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes in both groups. LIMITATIONS Heterogeneity in type and dosage of antidepressant medication. Difficulty in determining the exact onset of depression in subjects older than 60 at the time of death. Routine cerebrovascular pathological screening may miss subtle subcellular and molecular changes. CONCLUSIONS There is significant attenuation of extravascular and vascular ICAM-1 immunoreactivity in elderly subjects with major depression suggesting an astrocyte-associated alteration in immune function in the aging orbitofrontal cortex of subjects with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Javier Miguel-Hidalgo
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - James C. Overholser
- Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - George J. Jurjus
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Herbert Y. Meltzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Lesa Dieter
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Lisa Konick
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Craig A. Stockmeier
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Grazyna Rajkowska
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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Ou XM, Stockmeier CA, Meltzer HY, Overholser JC, Jurjus GJ, Dieter L, Chen K, Lu D, Johnson C, Youdim MB, Austin MC, Luo J, Sawa A, May W, Shih JC. A novel role for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase B cascade in ethanol-induced cellular damage. Biol Psychiatry 2010; 67:855-63. [PMID: 20022592 PMCID: PMC2854240 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholism is a major psychiatric condition at least partly associated with ethanol (EtOH)-induced cell damage. Although brain cell loss has been reported in subjects with alcoholism, the molecular mechanism is unclear. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) reportedly play a role in cellular dysfunction under stressful conditions and might contribute to EtOH-induced cell damage. METHODS Expression of GAPDH and MAO B protein was studied in human glioblastoma and neuroblastoma cell lines exposed to physiological concentrations of EtOH. Expression of these proteins was also examined in the prefrontal cortex from human subjects with alcohol dependence and in rats fed with an EtOH diet. Coimmunoprecipitation, subcellular fractionation, and luciferase assay were used to address nuclear GAPDH-mediated MAO B activation. To test the effects of inactivation, RNA interference and pharmacological intervention were used, and cell damage was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) and hydrogen peroxide measurements. RESULTS Ethanol significantly increases levels of GAPDH, especially nuclear GAPDH, and MAO B in neuronal cells as well as in human and rat brains. Nuclear GAPDH interacts with the transcriptional activator, transforming growth factor-beta-inducible early gene 2 (TIEG2), and augments TIEG2-mediated MAO B transactivation, which results in cell damage in neuronal cells exposed to EtOH. Knockdown expression of GAPDH or treatment with MAO B inhibitors selegiline (deprenyl) and rasagiline (Azilect) can block this cascade. CONCLUSIONS Ethanol-elicited nuclear GAPDH augments TIEG2-mediated MAO B, which might play a role in brain damage in subjects with alcoholism. Compounds that block this cascade are potential candidates for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Ou
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA.
| | - Craig A. Stockmeier
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, Departments of Psychiatry (CAS, GJJ and LD) and Psychology (JCO), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Herbert Y. Meltzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - James C. Overholser
- Departments of Psychiatry (CAS, GJJ and LD) and Psychology (JCO), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - George J. Jurjus
- Departments of Psychiatry (CAS, GJJ and LD) and Psychology (JCO), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Lesa Dieter
- Departments of Psychiatry (CAS, GJJ and LD) and Psychology (JCO), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Kevin Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Deyin Lu
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Chandra Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Moussa B.H. Youdim
- Eve Topf and USA National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Department of Pharmacology, Rappaport Family Research Institute, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mark C. Austin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Jia Luo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Akira Sawa
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21287
| | - Warren May
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Jean C. Shih
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
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Haeusler PA, Dieter L, Rittle KJ, Shepler LS, Paszkowski AL, Moe OA. Catalytic properties of Escherichia coli polyphosphate kinase: an enzyme for ATP regeneration. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 1992; 15:125-33. [PMID: 1316760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic properties of Escherichia coli polyphosphate kinase (EC 2.7.4.1), a promising enzyme for use in ATP regeneration (Hoffman, et al., 1988, Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 10, 107-117), are reported here. E. coli polyphosphate kinase (PPK) is broadly active in the pH range 5.5 to 8.5, having an optimal Vmax at pH 7.2. The Km values for the substrates, ADP and polyphosphate (Pn), change little in the same pH range. The optimal concentration range for the Mg2+ activator is 1-20 mM, with an activity maximum at 10 mM Mg2+. In addition to Mg2+, Mn2+ and Co2+ can serve as activators of E. coli PPK, whereas Zn2+ and Cu2+ are highly inhibitory. E. coli PPK is most active with Pn substrates of chain length greater than 132 phosphoryl units. The enzyme activity decreases with decreasing Pn chain length and approaches zero (less than 1%) at a chain length less than or equal to 5. Equilibrium yields of ATP of greater than 85% are readily attained at substrate concentrations below 1 mM. An operational equilibrium constant for the PPK reaction, defined as [ATP]/[ADP][Pn], was determined to be 7.5 (+/- 3.4) x 10(5) M-1. The data presented here serve as a base of information from which assessments of the suitability of E. coli PPK for specific ATP regeneration applications can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Haeusler
- Department of Chemistry, Lebanon Valley College, Annville, Pennsylvania 17003
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